Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 39 of 39 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.09587.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.09587 v2

Coverage vector

measured 39 of 39 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.803872Z

measured 39 of 39 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

39 of 39 outbound references displayed

verified exact11
verified fuzzy2
unresolved26
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 92f295a5-840a-49b3-8e8e-5917b2eefa15 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:52.358070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation e9fe4b3d-3736-414c-9c4c-5c1c46577967 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:52.337480Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 7dc98d7d-fe7e-48d0-b777-2ae643ce9dbd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:51.082594Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation a48f1970-1f09-499a-b989-df78bdc6665a · outbound

This paper cites [Call for Papers] The 2nd BabyLM Challenge: Sample-efficient pretraining on a developmentally plausible corpus.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency [Call for Papers] The 2nd BabyLM Challenge: Sample-efficient pretraining on a developmentally plausible corpus

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.530080Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e6be68f8-e991-48c7-abdc-96e2fdad9af2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:52.309863Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation ab87c451-3a93-4ceb-9d51-a72f9607092a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.546855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 71899567-9c5d-4253-8448-2f0b8572815b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:51.043418Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 20fee02a-5049-45e7-8a9b-41be2c1798b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:51.022576Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 4a6a7c2d-8862-4500-a084-f241fb5d7176 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:52.292170Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation b943c321-cab9-496b-8f6b-0d57b1e786e9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.576506Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 11b45d46-0ba8-4a30-bfe6-72861de90ebe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:52.273752Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 1b2cbc4e-d6cf-4525-8a80-d82ef51f7715 · outbound

This paper cites Huebner, Elior Sulem, Fisher Cynthia, and Dan Roth.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Huebner, Elior Sulem, Fisher Cynthia, and Dan Roth

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.596342Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0ae69ed8-932e-4f41-8f4b-28a9e71e1ca4 · outbound

This paper cites Elements of World Knowledge (EWoK): A Cognition-Inspired Framework for Evaluating Basic World Knowledge in Language Models.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Elements of World Knowledge (EWoK): A Cognition-Inspired Framework for Evaluating Basic World Knowledge in Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.606796Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e6cdb1d9-3cb7-401f-ba32-4ed14e39f922 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:52.251421Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 18814467-827f-46c2-81b5-dabefae3678e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:52.227511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation c629a53d-c496-44ab-abdb-1daa4dbb9587 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:52.205914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 36a7264b-8ae8-4f2e-80fd-fdc5a3589648 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id_nonexistent, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:51.952777Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 955ecbd1-7b55-4caf-a991-4ab446cb94ed · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.977804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 82dfacb8-dbca-4371-9d6a-b10c5a5d78aa · outbound

This paper cites Küntay and Dan I.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Küntay and Dan I

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:52.186586Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation c038513f-cf37-46b2-a689-8049410c65e9 · outbound

This paper cites Lester, Steven Moran, Aylin C.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Lester, Steven Moran, Aylin C

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id_nonexistent, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:51.765132Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation ecd05539-d6e5-4739-ab78-c137bc024a43 · outbound

This paper cites RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.674191Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e57d9cc7-6727-43a5-9202-a07b7528df8f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:52.158899Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation fc67de85-d4cb-4609-8892-d7698b03d863 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.687812Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d61e5723-d5ca-40d9-a380-392c7a0474dd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.695131Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4e903328-25d2-4b48-8d40-053029daa901 · outbound

This paper cites Waterfall, and Shimon Edelman.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Waterfall, and Shimon Edelman

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.931080Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 36a80dee-5880-4dea-a649-07b1d7e51e3f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:52.134714Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation d3f2d636-e60f-4377-8da4-c0864e8cec4d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.716795Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation becb7cb4-64f5-4c88-8927-27ee2285c74c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:52.096540Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation dab62fc0-45a4-4fc8-ad55-aa141f95b046 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id_nonexistent, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:51.534861Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 9fb22e75-b648-485a-9123-2e9a0c2cb184 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:51.307010Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation f63c3490-1b0f-4c68-abb6-2af3322eaa61 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.749206Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c5010c0b-d63d-410a-b144-e1e3292d6ff7 · outbound

This paper cites What Artificial Neural Networks Can Tell Us About Human Language Acquisition.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency What Artificial Neural Networks Can Tell Us About Human Language Acquisition

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.755946Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 86cbf233-0d17-45e7-86c2-cb4b0c9067c0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.761700Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aeee5a0e-4c85-482f-9586-4fea31dcf66d · outbound

This paper cites Waterfall.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Waterfall

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:52.071304Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation f6f8b2b6-f4b2-478a-a5b7-8e65d01c229d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:52.050908Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 9bbbb9c5-857f-43d6-8a22-bcd2364bbb43 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.879150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation cba57baa-8fea-458a-b184-2307e1e54ad7 · outbound

This paper cites Daum, and Sabine Stoll.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency Daum, and Sabine Stoll

Reference 37

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.859798Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 8fbe1cdd-d637-4730-893e-f4ad886b27f9 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.796069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 65e5dc00-ef21-486c-a5bb-20d707c4a906 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

BabyLM Challenge: Exploring the Effect of Variation Sets on Language Model Training Efficiency write newline

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T20:32:50.803872Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.