Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 21 of 21 outbound references and 6 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.18708.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.18708 v1

Coverage vector

measured 21 of 21 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.191971Z

measured 27 of 27 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 6 of 6 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T12:05:21.424838Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-01T07:45:29.197924Z

Reference resolution

21 of 21 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy15
unresolved6
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation c9a2c39b-9f83-4558-9556-f092d6477ece · outbound

This paper cites The opportunities and challenges of chatgpt in education.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students The opportunities and challenges of chatgpt in education

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.449023Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 83599b5b-1c16-4a54-a5fa-3ab7e8b495a0 · outbound

This paper cites Hallucinations in chatgpt: An unreliable tool for learning.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Hallucinations in chatgpt: An unreliable tool for learning

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.438526Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation e15c549f-640a-4dbf-ae86-c5c6357b08c9 · outbound

This paper cites Education in the era of generative artificial intelligence (ai): Understanding the potential benefits of chatgpt in promoting teaching and learning.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Education in the era of generative artificial intelligence (ai): Understanding the potential benefits of chatgpt in promoting teaching and learning

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.428046Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b42f6516-c5a0-404b-85fc-8b5afbbe9389 · outbound

This paper cites Iris: An ai-driven virtual tutor for computer science education.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Iris: An ai-driven virtual tutor for computer science education

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.416564Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a6776c34-8520-40a2-b317-13886bbe0392 · outbound

This paper cites Testing, socializing, exploring: Characterizing middle schoolers’ approaches to and conceptions of chatgpt.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Testing, socializing, exploring: Characterizing middle schoolers’ approaches to and conceptions of chatgpt

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.403827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation dcd43ff1-bd64-4cce-8385-c2a61274d105 · outbound

This paper cites Survey with centiment.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Survey with centiment

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.391949Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 240a767b-4f70-4aed-b2e0-b800e0872e80 · outbound

This paper cites Mathematical capabilities of chatgpt.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Mathematical capabilities of chatgpt

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.381170Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c4a4dd87-d6df-4ed8-996f-46c6c0dde05f · outbound

This paper cites Chatgpt for good? on opportunities and challenges of large language models for education.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Chatgpt for good? on opportunities and challenges of large language models for education

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.369824Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ee5db025-fc74-4e59-a40d-ac1e544d7d58 · outbound

This paper cites Research on motivation and behavior of chatgpt use in middle school students.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Research on motivation and behavior of chatgpt use in middle school students

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.357393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 979eea26-db71-4f1f-b8f9-433a829a1bb5 · outbound

This paper cites Americans’ use of chatgpt is ticking up, but few trust its election information.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Americans’ use of chatgpt is ticking up, but few trust its election information

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.345604Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c64df46f-1ab2-495b-a5ee-8130df897018 · outbound

This paper cites State technology and science index.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students State technology and science index

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.333944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation f6972472-d089-445b-8ae8-60f86d59cba9 · outbound

This paper cites Terms of use.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Terms of use

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.321968Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 29667ad0-85d7-4bf8-8f85-f3767fd849bd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.310794Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 538db36c-be35-400d-8476-303410b799ce · outbound

This paper cites Openai for education.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Openai for education

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.299020Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ee7b1831-b07d-4f35-a378-8e93b720330c · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.166839Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2dce6260-8bbd-4e46-a625-f53c52049619 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.171336Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 89461f61-65fd-4a1a-aed0-cb45c9d92355 · outbound

This paper cites Mostafizer Rahman and Yutaka Watanobe.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Mostafizer Rahman and Yutaka Watanobe

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.287283Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 63c80d0d-eca3-4ff4-a7c2-2d9dfd498407 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.179204Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f691f911-cc10-4c04-88da-14528e1c5d37 · outbound

This paper cites Improving student learning with hybrid human-ai tutoring: A three-study quasi-experimental investigation.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Improving student learning with hybrid human-ai tutoring: A three-study quasi-experimental investigation

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.274653Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 06678e4d-d375-4aed-bc2f-3960db6bfac7 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.187719Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1be945d8-ef14-46fb-901e-b4b8ce3af043 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models for Education: A Survey and Outlook.

Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students Large Language Models for Education: A Survey and Outlook

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:02:08.191971Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation ff12bc96-51b1-41b8-bbf8-c959e1c47c4e · inbound

People who frequently use ChatGPT for writing tasks are accurate and robust detectors of AI-generated text cites this paper.

People who frequently use ChatGPT for writing tasks are accurate and robust detectors of AI-generated text Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:07:27.891285Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 24354f01-39d6-4891-8b94-bb910efea8b0 · inbound

Large Language Models Will Change The Way Children Think About Technology And Impact Every Interaction Paradigm cites this paper.

Large Language Models Will Change The Way Children Think About Technology And Impact Every Interaction Paradigm Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T12:05:21.424838Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e9eb61a0-7e0d-498c-b8da-dbedd017f3e0 · inbound

Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education cites this paper.

Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:37:11.264369Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 544e0da1-3a16-4091-abf5-7216c0482d18 · inbound

Confucius3-Math: A Lightweight High-Performance Reasoning LLM for Chinese K-12 Mathematics Learning cites this paper.

Confucius3-Math: A Lightweight High-Performance Reasoning LLM for Chinese K-12 Mathematics Learning Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T18:55:51.131449Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation add4ea2a-8721-41e1-a5b4-5ba99df1d037 · inbound

When LLM Essays Outscore Student Essays: What a Korean Writing Rubric Rewards and Where Readers Disagree cites this paper.

When LLM Essays Outscore Student Essays: What a Korean Writing Rubric Rewards and Where Readers Disagree Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students

Reference 6

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T06:28:32.965013Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d5b224f0-efeb-4cb9-b95f-f50f37718a76 · inbound

ELEVATE: Designing Human-Centered GenAI Virtual Tutors for Scalable and Inclusive Education cites this paper.

ELEVATE: Designing Human-Centered GenAI Virtual Tutors for Scalable and Inclusive Education Embracing AI in Education: Understanding the Surge in Large Language Model Use by Secondary Students

Reference 52

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T07:45:29.199492Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.