Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic

As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 48 of 48 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.04277.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.04277 v1

Coverage vector

measured 48 of 48 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.150144Z

measured 49 of 49 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T04:36:37.848737Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-10T04:36:39.855995Z

Reference resolution

48 of 48 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy2
unresolved43
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 32a98b15-f97a-4027-adb7-af72c21e5889 · outbound

This paper cites Towards a Cleaner Document-Oriented Multilingual Crawled Corpus.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Towards a Cleaner Document-Oriented Multilingual Crawled Corpus

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.856528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 49880aac-0622-4146-a48f-f914dd1dbab9 · outbound

This paper cites AraMUS: Pushing the Limits of Data and Model Scale for Arabic Natural Language Processing.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic AraMUS: Pushing the Limits of Data and Model Scale for Arabic Natural Language Processing

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.778998Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation d8458a4c-930c-431d-927d-e6eb278fa583 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.873960Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4fa80244-5b6a-4af9-ac4f-4d23f2da36b5 · outbound

This paper cites CIDAR: Culturally Relevant Instruction Dataset For Arabic.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic CIDAR: Culturally Relevant Instruction Dataset For Arabic

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.879476Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ec67dca3-9d33-4a33-bbc2-7c9dbcbce281 · outbound

This paper cites When Benchmarks are Targets: Revealing the Sensitivity of Large Language Model Leaderboards.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic When Benchmarks are Targets: Revealing the Sensitivity of Large Language Model Leaderboards

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.884869Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3017f546-78f6-49b0-9f9b-e0e2c86d7bd0 · outbound

This paper cites AraGPT2: Pre-Trained Transformer for Arabic Language Generation.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic AraGPT2: Pre-Trained Transformer for Arabic Language Generation

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.890697Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e389e876-3b59-4928-9731-c5339d5d2cbe · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Qwen Technical Report

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.896653Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 34d06917-e95f-42f0-827c-07e988eaf631 · outbound

This paper cites ALLaM: Large Language Models for Arabic and English.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic ALLaM: Large Language Models for Arabic and English

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.902644Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 655011dd-1388-4e86-b44d-09e17173aff4 · outbound

This paper cites Stable LM 2 1.6B Technical Report.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Stable LM 2 1.6B Technical Report

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.912242Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 32d6cede-5d5d-464d-9f70-1bf87c7e3545 · outbound

This paper cites GemmAr: Enhancing LLMs Through Arabic Instruction-Tuning.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic GemmAr: Enhancing LLMs Through Arabic Instruction-Tuning

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.648494Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 25cbba3d-cf75-4b52-96ab-81053cec64c6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:28.037715Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 99c7d3af-56b3-4bb9-862e-5af4ae1d9fab · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:28.019353Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation c7c18ecd-0f14-494d-a6c1-758eb48c552d · outbound

This paper cites Revisiting Pre-trained Language Models and their Evaluation for Arabic Natural Language Understanding.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Revisiting Pre-trained Language Models and their Evaluation for Arabic Natural Language Understanding

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.625554Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 2857396a-2651-45c1-8a74-0d9036d5753b · outbound

This paper cites Changing Answer Order Can Decrease MMLU Accuracy.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Changing Answer Order Can Decrease MMLU Accuracy

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.940619Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b05830aa-5897-476d-809c-170c54f24f0f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:28.001454Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 316532a2-08d0-42d0-bf60-7a2f689cb5cb · outbound

This paper cites Hallberg.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Hallberg

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.983281Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 7294177f-b59d-4ce6-aafc-d93843f36600 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.958720Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 920d271f-492c-4846-b5fb-94e8fae892ac · outbound

This paper cites AceGPT, Localizing Large Language Models in Arabic.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic AceGPT, Localizing Large Language Models in Arabic

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.964247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b3638bb3-c46b-4d56-bba5-73556d4c8a62 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.964047Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 3321ae67-f856-4a29-a318-9570a93479b6 · outbound

This paper cites ArabicMMLU: Assessing Massive Multitask Language Understanding in Arabic.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic ArabicMMLU: Assessing Massive Multitask Language Understanding in Arabic

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.974867Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a2ab9f8a-bc5e-4f1f-ae0a-d153ab258f8a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.944666Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 8b2b07d5-1a46-45ca-a371-2ae90fcb6e7e · outbound

This paper cites DataComp-LM: In search of the next generation of training sets for language models.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic DataComp-LM: In search of the next generation of training sets for language models

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.986306Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation df87d65a-f989-42a4-b13c-9d5de35354e9 · outbound

This paper cites StarCoder: may the source be with you!.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic StarCoder: may the source be with you!

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.992097Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c9235228-5862-40a0-b258-99f72cc0c974 · outbound

This paper cites Goat: Fine-tuned LLaMA Outperforms GPT-4 on Arithmetic Tasks.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Goat: Fine-tuned LLaMA Outperforms GPT-4 on Arithmetic Tasks

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:26.998030Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5488d2ae-4920-460d-ac76-f9f5a45a5486 · outbound

This paper cites Quantifying Variance in Evaluation Benchmarks.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Quantifying Variance in Evaluation Benchmarks

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.003075Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0072b76d-d4a5-4c68-a15f-c7261545e3b4 · outbound

This paper cites Rephrasing the Web: A Recipe for Compute and Data-Efficient Language Modeling.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Rephrasing the Web: A Recipe for Compute and Data-Efficient Language Modeling

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.014464Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e0f1da26-2929-4d69-b1d3-d723539d8b9f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.019863Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 66e8d284-137e-443b-a900-8293b89f562e · outbound

This paper cites AraT5: Text-to-Text Transformers for Arabic Language Generation.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic AraT5: Text-to-Text Transformers for Arabic Language Generation

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.026042Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 140f1c8f-5874-4032-9b41-a7869637285c · outbound

This paper cites CulturaX: A Cleaned, Enormous, and Multilingual Dataset for Large Language Models in 167 Languages.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic CulturaX: A Cleaned, Enormous, and Multilingual Dataset for Large Language Models in 167 Languages

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.032045Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 24de744e-05ed-4f18-b7ee-0adbbf99b306 · outbound

This paper cites Rephrasing natural text data with different languages and quality levels for Large Language Model pre-training.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Rephrasing natural text data with different languages and quality levels for Large Language Model pre-training

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.036970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e1682bfd-92a5-4ce1-8b4e-9b8234cefc31 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.042864Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 94e851cf-0aa7-4ccd-8e10-c90e2b875152 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.048665Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 10621c61-ab31-49b8-a8d1-ca40ee21e53b · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.055284Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c2b1ddb3-06c8-438e-9539-2e09310df6e0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.061648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 99e8855b-b2cc-49bc-864e-e8bd39cf7a62 · outbound

This paper cites Jais and Jais-chat: Arabic-Centric Foundation and Instruction-Tuned Open Generative Large Language Models.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Jais and Jais-chat: Arabic-Centric Foundation and Instruction-Tuned Open Generative Large Language Models

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.067002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7ae45506-c358-41fc-8d78-8f5bf336f5b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.900581Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 9ad0bd5a-df12-4f40-a58c-e865563951e8 · outbound

This paper cites Aya Dataset: An Open-Access Collection for Multilingual Instruction Tuning.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Aya Dataset: An Open-Access Collection for Multilingual Instruction Tuning

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.083546Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 72ab6863-9c22-4957-95e9-3374a0242822 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.880822Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 314e88cb-b848-4fd9-932c-ba55c8af0e5c · outbound

This paper cites Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.095827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 74e01409-e224-4992-9593-390127299a48 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.864500Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 81968d62-97f7-43f2-9c7c-d64306656344 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.107865Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b7b4d2e5-3ab0-49a0-adb4-48cc22a63bac · outbound

This paper cites Aya Model: An Instruction Finetuned Open-Access Multilingual Language Model.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Aya Model: An Instruction Finetuned Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.114290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b481e35-46d5-449e-9f93-2740ab4e67c6 · outbound

This paper cites LLMs May Perform MCQA by Selecting the Least Incorrect Option.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic LLMs May Perform MCQA by Selecting the Least Incorrect Option

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.121677Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 06b878e5-e9c1-4d1c-bf04-060e45e76bcf · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2 Technical Report.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Qwen2 Technical Report

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.127473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f681cbfa-1bda-40f9-bbd4-d057fed5a603 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.132530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eb4746fa-cf2c-46aa-a81c-77a6dd1a7141 · outbound

This paper cites Second language (arabic) acquisition of llms via progressive vocabulary expansion.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic Second language (arabic) acquisition of llms via progressive vocabulary expansion

Reference 46

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.836136Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation e623f782-26cd-407a-8157-1086a1410e51 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.144118Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ad19d18-04a7-4504-bbb7-92e694b64126 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic write newline

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:37:27.150144Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation fc3dd566-ba19-4fe4-b021-ca29218d5853 · inbound

Multimodal Large Language Models for Image, Text, and Speech Data Augmentation: A Survey cites this paper.

Multimodal Large Language Models for Image, Text, and Speech Data Augmentation: A Survey Arabic Stable LM: Adapting Stable LM 2 1.6B to Arabic

Reference 184

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T04:36:39.862162Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.