Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms

As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 42 of 42 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.12380.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.12380 v1

Coverage vector

measured 42 of 42 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.039290Z

measured 42 of 42 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

42 of 42 outbound references displayed

verified exact21
verified fuzzy7
unresolved11
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier2
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 061adfc6-e831-49bc-b90e-000e98408e0e · outbound

This paper cites E9(R1) (2019) Addendum on Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms E9(R1) (2019) Addendum on Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:08.917194Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 2be2ade3-86d3-418b-86fb-eb2aae89ba68 · outbound

This paper cites Aligning estimators with estimands in clinical trials: Putting the ICH E9(R1) guidelines into practice.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Aligning estimators with estimands in clinical trials: Putting the ICH E9(R1) guidelines into practice

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.752011Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 92a66493-0b42-4f29-b67c-db88a431fba2 · outbound

This paper cites Marking 2-years of new thinking in Clinical Trials: The estimand journey.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Marking 2-years of new thinking in Clinical Trials: The estimand journey

Reference 3

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.726051Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 1761bde8-f2aa-4d85-aa6a-c88bd458736d · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating how clear the questions being investigated in randomised trials are: systematic review of estimands.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Evaluating how clear the questions being investigated in randomised trials are: systematic review of estimands

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.701275Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 97cf4a7d-dcb8-4999-8421-7a722fd3562c · outbound

This paper cites E9(R1) Training Material.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms E9(R1) Training Material

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:08.899480Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 97478874-3458-41ee-b660-efc6a033546e · outbound

This paper cites Causal inference: What if.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Causal inference: What if

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:08.880699Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 3e09f4f5-6440-4b5d-9086-ef3e48aa2a60 · outbound

This paper cites PIONEER 1: Randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide monotherapy in comparison with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms PIONEER 1: Randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide monotherapy in comparison with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes

Reference 7

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation e57f8688-9cd7-49cd-9d8a-43ff5af4076a · outbound

This paper cites Mepolizumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (SYNAPSE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Mepolizumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (SYNAPSE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.666125Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 50744a52-a789-407c-b52b-4558592db0c8 · outbound

This paper cites Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.N.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.N

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.636664Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation c659ea55-90d8-4c64-b518-b170e782b127 · outbound

This paper cites https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209902/; 2010.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209902/; 2010

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:08.860439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation e284eba6-18f9-4a9b-9858-0be5e451cbe9 · outbound

This paper cites Common pitfalls in statistical analysis: Intention-to-treat versus per-protocol analysis.Perspect.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Common pitfalls in statistical analysis: Intention-to-treat versus per-protocol analysis.Perspect

Reference 11

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:08.765801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 84b1277a-ef30-4fe6-85ef-165aa960c519 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond the intention-to-treat in comparative effectiveness research.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Beyond the intention-to-treat in comparative effectiveness research

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.603713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 81910f03-4b71-4b67-90ab-2d672fbe4296 · outbound

This paper cites Statistical considerations in the intent-to-treat principle.Control.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Statistical considerations in the intent-to-treat principle.Control

Reference 13

Resolution: malformed identifier; doi_truncated, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.573586Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 79f8709b-c833-463f-9644-1cc401689667 · outbound

This paper cites Intent-to-treat analysis versus as-treated analysis.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Intent-to-treat analysis versus as-treated analysis

Reference 14

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 094defa6-c82d-409c-9c80-278f3216d547 · outbound

This paper cites Principles and recommendations for incorporating estimands into clinical study protocol templates.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Principles and recommendations for incorporating estimands into clinical study protocol templates

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.520847Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 7e2f44c7-8fe9-4c51-a953-503b99ce0bc5 · outbound

This paper cites Treatment policy estimands for recurrent event data using data collected after cessation of randomised treatment.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Treatment policy estimands for recurrent event data using data collected after cessation of randomised treatment

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.490221Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation ccaf39eb-ad6f-43ef-977e-4bc4aa0d580d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:08.595958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 597d96d7-8988-405a-afec-a7bad8987e30 · outbound

This paper cites Estimation of a treatment policy estimand for time to event data using data collected post discontinuation of randomised treatment.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Estimation of a treatment policy estimand for time to event data using data collected post discontinuation of randomised treatment

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.453807Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 84fa7718-c929-43ca-972c-0e6079b44e70 · outbound

This paper cites Standard and reference-based conditional mean imputation.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Standard and reference-based conditional mean imputation

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:06.892840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 0090dfe7-eb83-4a77-94c7-2b8b08a8d394 · outbound

This paper cites Statistical methods for handling missing data to align with treatment policy strategy.Pharm.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Statistical methods for handling missing data to align with treatment policy strategy.Pharm

Reference 21

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.403794Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation f85fb4f5-ec04-4fdd-b5ed-54d8cf044423 · outbound

This paper cites Estimation of treatment policy estimands for continuous outcomes using off-treatment sequential multiple imputation.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Estimation of treatment policy estimands for continuous outcomes using off-treatment sequential multiple imputation

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.370814Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 9630bc2c-dcc5-4eee-86f8-b7bc5a38947c · outbound

This paper cites Estimation methods for estimands using the treatment policy strategy; a simulation study based on the PIONEER 1 Trial.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Estimation methods for estimands using the treatment policy strategy; a simulation study based on the PIONEER 1 Trial

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.340138Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 4a1f836b-68ba-4534-a58d-3206e973222e · outbound

This paper cites Hypothetical estimands in clinical trials: A unification of causal inference and missing data methods.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Hypothetical estimands in clinical trials: A unification of causal inference and missing data methods

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:06.924065Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 08685dcd-d536-4492-8fa7-347ba0745dd0 · outbound

This paper cites Causal Inference Using Potential Outcomes: Design, Modeling, Decisions.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Causal Inference Using Potential Outcomes: Design, Modeling, Decisions

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:06.929844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 970b17a5-eed3-4230-868f-1de99c62ca00 · outbound

This paper cites An Introduction to Causal Inference.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms An Introduction to Causal Inference

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:06.935493Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 491706fa-87f5-4456-bd26-b5f662bcb8f2 · outbound

This paper cites Interview with Judea Pearl.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Interview with Judea Pearl

Reference 28

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b4743a65-353a-4b84-9b58-d35cbdc70a13 · outbound

This paper cites Interview with Jamie Robins.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Interview with Jamie Robins

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:06.946407Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 00e27051-a824-4ad9-b948-1ff90d8b79d6 · outbound

This paper cites Interview with Don Rubin.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Interview with Don Rubin

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.871847Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 8f5cb5f3-aa24-4590-851d-73017656b6b1 · outbound

This paper cites Dynamic Treatment Regimes: Statistical Methods for Precision Medicine.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Dynamic Treatment Regimes: Statistical Methods for Precision Medicine

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:08.840668Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 669cdd8d-8219-41ff-9fd5-0e2c37db38b6 · outbound

This paper cites Causal Diagrams for Epidemiologic Research.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Causal Diagrams for Epidemiologic Research

Reference 32

Resolution: malformed identifier; doi_truncated, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.274356Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation daaf6808-0c99-4d8c-a7ef-33c630683c3d · outbound

This paper cites Strategies for composite estimands in confirmatory clinical trials: Examples from trials in nasal polyps and steroid reduction.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Strategies for composite estimands in confirmatory clinical trials: Examples from trials in nasal polyps and steroid reduction

Reference 33

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.253481Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 7e69fa30-f91b-43be-9f11-1a78668312b1 · outbound

This paper cites Translating questions to estimands in randomized clinical trials with intercurrent events.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Translating questions to estimands in randomized clinical trials with intercurrent events

Reference 34

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.234459Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation de9a4aee-809b-42d9-873d-d12ac2f2b13a · outbound

This paper cites Principal stratum strategy: Potential role in drug development.Pharmaceutical Statistics.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Principal stratum strategy: Potential role in drug development.Pharmaceutical Statistics

Reference 35

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.214756Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 1df60b38-0dbc-4d39-a8bd-06dfb65f65bf · outbound

This paper cites Causal Inference and Estimands in Clinical Trials.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Causal Inference and Estimands in Clinical Trials

Reference 36

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation eeaa2f9b-ac83-474e-a53f-c30ef7c891b6 · outbound

This paper cites https://psiweb.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/daniel-scharfstein-slides.pdf?sfvrsn=28c8dedb_ 0.; 2017.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms https://psiweb.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/daniel-scharfstein-slides.pdf?sfvrsn=28c8dedb_ 0.; 2017

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:08.809810Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 77d137ae-3641-4753-a6ae-fd3217fc67f6 · outbound

This paper cites Defining estimands in clinical trials: A unified procedure.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Defining estimands in clinical trials: A unified procedure

Reference 38

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.195210Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 02226cb9-b844-480f-a12f-5edb5cb8f4f5 · outbound

This paper cites RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials.BMJ.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials.BMJ

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.007258Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 920791f4-1358-4a8d-88dc-6f44701eb0b8 · outbound

This paper cites Per-Protocol Analyses of Pragmatic Trials.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Per-Protocol Analyses of Pragmatic Trials

Reference 40

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.156771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 95f99aac-f36e-4f49-854e-34bef155bf09 · outbound

This paper cites Wiley, 2019.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Wiley, 2019

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:08.788448Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 3165253e-968a-42a2-9020-22d319bd05c5 · outbound

This paper cites Adherence, per-protocol effects, and the estimands framework.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Adherence, per-protocol effects, and the estimands framework

Reference 42

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.131232Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 40af5ac0-ee4e-4b98-9403-5407f3f530f7 · outbound

This paper cites Principles for Defining Estimands in Clinical Trials—A Proposal.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms Principles for Defining Estimands in Clinical Trials—A Proposal

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.033465Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 208742be-cd83-43fc-97d3-86bf16f87778 · outbound

This paper cites The attributable estimand: A new approach to account for intercurrent events.Pharmaceutical Statistics.

The Estimand Framework and Causal Inference: Complementary not Competing Paradigms The attributable estimand: A new approach to account for intercurrent events.Pharmaceutical Statistics

Reference 44

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T14:12:07.086597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.