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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation

As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 12 of 12 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.21162.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.21162 v1

Coverage vector

measured 12 of 12 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:37.884089Z

measured 13 of 13 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T18:45:17.849658Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-15T18:45:18.155385Z

Reference resolution

12 of 12 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy11
  • unresolved0
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 9c2ac98c-ce72-41ab-8719-6a20f6f468ea · outbound

This paper cites The 5G System Architecture.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation The 5G System Architecture

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.086601Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.848612Z digest=sha256:f0e53a78258bfae52ecf78d0fb22d3100d380beb83b3f98f4c42418efb197c98

Observation 30025363-039f-47a4-928b-ac7300145664 · outbound

This paper cites Next generation of microservices for the 5G Service-Based Architecture.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Next generation of microservices for the 5G Service-Based Architecture

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.079363Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.853430Z digest=sha256:583a9b12e483e36a87fb8ea7f4242668a6f874b85604844479a7496ae964aa82

Observation 230a475a-08f2-4073-bd81-620663a6bce6 · outbound

This paper cites Open, Programmable, and Virtualized 5G Networks: State-of-the-Art and the Road Ahead.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Open, Programmable, and Virtualized 5G Networks: State-of-the-Art and the Road Ahead

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.071777Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.857742Z digest=sha256:3aa1292fcc6b0df86ec76584f4ede6a21e6a3896df14d380f4503295625ecae8

Observation 75f139b8-6c85-45c1-bbf0-167ed09760d7 · outbound

This paper cites A Reference Deployment of a Minimal Open-Source Private Industry and Campus 5G Standalone (SA) System.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation A Reference Deployment of a Minimal Open-Source Private Industry and Campus 5G Standalone (SA) System

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.064353Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.861011Z digest=sha256:33531d65169b076624f8a9af8607a7cdee65b6a6a96693997a22f5dbf5327bd3

Observation 94a289b9-ec8c-4632-8d6b-a74db14e358d · outbound

This paper cites Architecture enhancements for control and user plane separation of EPC nodes.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Architecture enhancements for control and user plane separation of EPC nodes

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.055632Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.864075Z digest=sha256:78d5d17d57276c9163ef484e54730dfbb3f7f4be390ac8759b25f2fec9c121e8

Observation 33e391fa-aa0f-4199-8cd2-22be25e9cad4 · outbound

This paper cites Network-Slice-as-a-Service Deployment Cost Assessment in an End-to-End 5G Testbed.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Network-Slice-as-a-Service Deployment Cost Assessment in an End-to-End 5G Testbed

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.047984Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.867006Z digest=sha256:459e72c2a17dcdf3af95c6eae66322de6ed4d816d02f7fc799f746b42126a544

Observation 5bb6d7ce-cd07-47d0-b5ce-21159b0da091 · outbound

This paper cites System architecture for the 5G System (5GS).

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation System architecture for the 5G System (5GS)

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.038148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.870430Z digest=sha256:8caa5185dce6d56f9561aa8e34c4c44f7ef5dd2809d2cc1ebc20ae8d83f6b0c0

Observation 4515f53b-dd7c-4423-ada6-7be473696622 · outbound

This paper cites Analysis for Comparison of Framework for 5G Core Implementation.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Analysis for Comparison of Framework for 5G Core Implementation

Reference 8

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.029442Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.873099Z digest=sha256:22e5e914e6593ff770cf26800d597a2ce0d7c313b837b384c20b81ff6f2790d6

Observation 36d3fccf-8ad9-46fb-b039-0cd6ef1d45fc · outbound

This paper cites Open Source 5G Core Network Implementations: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Open Source 5G Core Network Implementations: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.021208Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.875683Z digest=sha256:1feb3997d0d922ecd5e845ce349c517f61b42347820b3cef4a26988c2addd907

Observation 84a35022-9beb-4d83-9959-ac7027b055b3 · outbound

This paper cites Tutorial on communication between access networks and the 5G core.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Tutorial on communication between access networks and the 5G core

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.012109Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.878386Z digest=sha256:1598a7ad6b15c76c2df30f395c82652fbf4c9e72b8c19f0d04dfee0556bdc02e

Observation e30515c1-945e-46a5-b828-24bc64880659 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating the performance of open source software implementations of the 5G network core.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Evaluating the performance of open source software implementations of the 5G network core

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:38.001861Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.881399Z digest=sha256:f13d10a3c318337afe5847bc4ae1902ce70e973bd3f6c815c954e1b84d2faa7a

Observation fafcc072-c9e7-473c-b1d9-833994086ca4 · outbound

This paper cites Ԅ; ˏ 9"j8 6 tzyy l6@ kp' 7l6 d2X Q q Gr P m6o&EQo>qD0 dY ٗ_ ڵk (Y ` ^ݻw ޽ xSSS:j|Ǐ|YUnKh0 `` 歷2 ap8 4M˲o 9r xUUj H / Q eCP4 T < _ \ Ȋ p8l0 X t:L&F oQw 7 h a&6c(ʲl27 D.

Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation Ԅ; ˏ 9"j8 6 tzyy l6@ kp' 7l6 d2X Q q Gr P m6o&EQo>qD0 dY ٗ_ ڵk (Y ` ^ݻw ޽ xSSS:j|Ǐ|YUnKh0 `` 歷2 ap8 4M˲o 9r xUUj H / Q eCP4 T < _ \ Ȋ p8l0 X t:L&F oQw 7 h a&6c(ʲl27 D

Reference 12

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T23:21:37.991683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-10T23:21:37.884089Z digest=sha256:5a1f5c90718efce0a0ecbf87d324be1f2d69ede8822590d86693715662c4d5ec

Pith citing papers

Observation bbdacf16-e7f4-416d-bedc-9c6d5435d8bc · inbound

WiLLM: an Open Framework for LLM Services over Wireless Systems cites this paper.

WiLLM: an Open Framework for LLM Services over Wireless Systems Open-Source 5G Core Platforms: A Low-Cost Solution and Performance Evaluation

Reference 2024

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T18:45:18.159667Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T18:45:17.849658Z digest=sha256:190f16491891f3b3ca0be2da27d2d95bc8478c14641d7e0c48e338d200a383ca