Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 5 minor 55 references

Dipolar magnetostirring protocol for three-well atomtronic circuits

T0 review · 3 major / 5 minor · reviewed 2026-08-10 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read Rotating the dipole polarization drives dipolar bosons in a three-well ring into an excited state with a persistent azimuthal circulation.

desk verdict Credible protocol for N≤40, but the advertised large-N scaling is a tentative fit without a direct check. read the letter →

arxiv 2501.05301 v2 pith:JGWML55C submitted 2025-01-09 cond-mat.quant-gas

Héctor Briongos-Merino , Felipe Isaule , Montserrat Guilleumas , Bruno Juliá-Díaz This is my paper · ORCID
classification cond-mat.quant-gas
keywords persistentcurrentsatomtronicsdipolarBosegasesmagnetostirringBose-Hubbardmodelthree-wellringexactdiagonalizationazimuthalcirculation
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper proposes a protocol for creating persistent currents in a three-well atomtronic ring without stirring the trap or imprinting phase. The protocol starts with dipolar bosons polarized in the plane of the ring, then rotates the dipole orientation along a spherical spiral until the dipoles point perpendicular to the ring. The rotation transfers population into the third well and excites the system into a state with large average azimuthal circulation, and because the on-site and dipolar interactions are tuned to cancel at the end ($U=U_d$, dipoles along $z$), the final Hamiltonian is interaction-free and the circulation persists. Exact diagonalization of the Bose-Hubbard model for up to 40 bosons shows the circulation grows faster than the maximum single-atom value, meaning the protocol is more efficient for larger systems. The authors also show the optimal stirring frequencies for a small particle number can be reused for large systems if the combination $(N-1)U/J$ is kept fixed, making the scheme scalable beyond numerically tractable sizes.

What carries the argument

The central object is the extended Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian for a three-site ring with an anisotropic, long-range dipolar interaction, together with a time-dependent dipole orientation $\boldsymbol{\mu}(t)$ that traces a spherical spiral: $\boldsymbol{\mu}\cdot\mathbf{e}_x=\sin(\omega_{xy}t)\cos(\omega_z t)$, $\boldsymbol{\mu}\cdot\mathbf{e}_y=\cos(\omega_{xy}t)\cos(\omega_z t)$, $\boldsymbol{\mu}\cdot\mathbf{e}_z=\sin(\omega_z t)$. The anisotropic interaction breaks the reflection symmetry of the ring and, when the dipole turns in-plane, transfers bosons from the initially populated wells (sites 2 and 3) into the empty well (site 1). The protocol ends at $t_f=\pi/(2\omega_z)$ with $\boldsymbol{\mu}=\mathbf{e}_z$; at that orientation, and with $U=U_d$, the inter-site interaction exactly cancels the on-site term in the shifted Hamiltonian, leaving $H'=-J\sum_j(\hat{a}^\dagger_{j+1}\hat{a}_j+\mathrm{h.c.})$, a free-particle model. The azimuthal circulation is read from the operator $\hat{L}_z$ that counts the imbalance between clockwise and counterclockwise tunneling, whose eigenstates are the Bloch waves of the triangle; the final state is a superposition of these circulation eigenstates. The two control frequencies $\omega_{xy}$ and $\omega_z$ are the only free protocol parameters, and the paper identifies the intermediate-frequency 'lobe' in which circulation is robustly created.

What would settle it

Compute the optimal frequencies by exact diagonalization at an intermediate size, for instance $N=20$, with $(N-1)U/J$ fixed to the value used for the $N=8$ optimum, and check whether the $N=20$ circulation at the $N=8$-optimal frequencies matches the predicted growth; a mismatch larger than the fit's confidence interval would falsify the scaling rule. A complementary experimental falsifier is the absence of a persistent current signal in a three-well dipolar ring after the spherical-spiral rotation is applied at any intermediate frequency.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that a time-dependent rotation of the dipole polarization—the magnetostirring protocol—acts as an effective stirring force that drives an interacting dipolar Bose gas in a fully connected three-well ring from its ground state to an excited many-body state with a high average azimuthal circulation, and that this circulation is preserved after the driving stops. The preservation is guaranteed by a specific design: the on-site interaction strength is set equal to the dipolar coupling $U=U_d$, and the final dipole orientation is perpendicular to the ring plane, so the interaction term in the extended Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian vanishes and the final dynamics is that of free bosons on a triangle. The paper supports this by exact time evolution (fourth-order Runge-Kutta on a Fock basis) for $N$ up to 40, showing that the final state overlaps with highly excited eigenstates, that the site occupations become imbalanced, and that the expectation value of the azimuthal circulation operator rises to a plateau. A further claim is that the optimal protocol frequencies ($\omega_{xy}$ and $\omega_z$) can be identified from small systems and transferred to larger ones using the scaling variable $(N-1)U/J$, so the protocol could be applied where direct simulation is impossible.

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing premise is that optimal stirring frequencies depend on the system only through the combination $(N-1)U/J$—the effective interaction strength per particle relative to tunneling—so that frequencies found on a small, numerically tractable system remain optimal for a much larger one; the paper offers only a few numerical points and a tentative fit in support of this premise.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Persistent currents in atomtronic circuits can be created by a global, contactless manipulation—rotating the magnetic field that polarizes the dipoles—rather than by moving a stirrer or imprinting phase.
  • The final current survives because the interactions are engineered to vanish at the end of the protocol, so the persistent circulation is tied to a precise cancellation of $U$ and $U_d$.
  • For a fixed interaction strength and a fixed choice of frequencies within the effective lobe, the circulation per boson grows with particle number $N$, so the protocol is not only scalable but more efficient at larger sizes.
  • The optimal stirring frequencies for a large system can be predicted by simulating a small system with the same $(N-1)U/J$, reducing the computational cost from exponential in $N$ to a fixed small size.
  • The final state retains a high condensed fraction even though it is excited, because the interaction cancellation suppresses fragmentation at the end of the protocol.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • An experiment could use the lifetime of the final circulation as a direct probe of the $U=U_d$ cancellation: scanning a Feshbach resonance across the cancellation point should show the current surviving longest exactly at $U=U_d$ and decaying on either side; this diagnostic is implicit in the paper's robustness analysis.
  • The $(N-1)U/J$ scaling rule, if it holds, means the optimal frequencies are governed by the interaction energy per particle relative to tunneling; a tractable next computation is to find the lobe at an intermediate size (say $N=20$) and compare the optimum with the power-law extrapolation from $N=8$, which would test the rule where it is most needed.
  • Applying the same spherical-spiral stirring to a continuous toroidal condensate is a natural extension, but there the in-plane rotation rate must exceed the critical velocity for vortex nucleation; whether the discrete-ring result carries over is an open question the paper leaves implicit.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 5 minor

Summary. The paper proposes a magnetostirring protocol for a three-well ring of dipolar bosons, in which the dipole orientation follows a spherical spiral from the y-axis to the z-axis while the on-site interaction is tuned to the dipolar strength (U=Ud). At the end of the protocol, the interaction term cancels and the final Hamiltonian is free, so any generated azimuthal circulation is conserved. Using exact diagonalization for up to N=40 bosons and fourth-order Runge-Kutta time evolution, the authors show that the protocol creates a substantial average circulation for intermediate driving frequencies, that the final condensed fraction is often large, and that the protocol is robust against small deviations of the on-site interaction. They also propose a scaling rule based on keeping (N−1)U/J constant and a power-law fit to predict optimal frequencies for larger systems. The main numerical results are clearly presented and the protocol is physically plausible.

Significance. If the central protocol claim holds, the paper offers a new and experimentally accessible way to create persistent currents in atomtronic circuits, complementing existing stirring, phase-imprinting, and gauge-field methods. The paper is careful to use exact numerics for the simulated sizes and to test robustness, and the final-Hamiltonian argument that the generated circulation is conserved is clean and load-bearing. The condensed-fraction analysis and the mean-field comparison are also useful. However, the advertised scalability to large numbers of bosons rests on an empirical scaling assumption that is not validated by direct many-body calculations, and the mean-field approximation that motivates the scaling is shown to fail in most of the circulation-producing regime. The significance of the paper therefore depends on closing this gap; with that, it would be a solid contribution to the atomtronics literature.

major comments (3)
  1. [Sec. 4.5 and Appendix A] The claim that optimal protocol frequencies can be transferred between different particle numbers at constant (N−1)U/J is only tested by fixing the N0=15 optimal frequencies and then varying N (Fig. 7). That test shows that the circulation fraction increases with N along this path, but it does not show that the optimal frequency pair itself is independent of N at constant g. The power-law fit in Fig. 8 is explicitly labeled 'tentative' and is never validated at large (N−1)U/J. Because the three-site Fock dimension is only (N+1)(N+2)/2, exact diagonalization for N=100 or more is computationally inexpensive; the paper should either perform such a check or substantially soften the abstract's and Sec. 5's claims about overcoming computational limitations.
  2. [Appendix B] The authors demonstrate in Appendix B.3 that the final condensed fraction is below the 0.75 threshold in most of the circulation lobe (Figs. 10 and 11), i.e., the mean-field model is invalid in much of the parameter region where the protocol is effective. Since the (N−1)U/J scaling in Sec. 4.5 is motivated by the structure of the mean-field equations (Appendix B.1), the mean-field failure removes the main theoretical support for the scaling. The scaling should be either derived from the exact many-body dynamics or supported by direct exact calculations at larger N.
  3. [Abstract and Sec. 5] The statement that the protocol 'overcomes computational limitations' and 'enables application to systems with large numbers of bosons' is not justified by the presented evidence. For three sites, the Hilbert-space dimension grows polynomially with N, and the authors already reach N=40; exact runs at N=100 or larger would be straightforward with standard exact diagonalization. The large-N extrapolation is therefore not necessary for the system at hand, and the claim as written overstates the gap being filled.
minor comments (5)
  1. [Fig. 2] Please specify the base of the logarithmic color scale used in panel (a), since the caption says 'logarithmic scale' but does not indicate base 10 or natural logarithm.
  2. [Sec. 4.2 and Fig. 3] It would be helpful to state the grid resolution used in the parameter scans of Figs. 3, 9, and 10; the text mentions that the grid is too coarse in the slow-frequency region without giving the actual step sizes in ω_xy and ω_z.
  3. [Appendix A] The formula N2−1/N1−1 = U1/J1 / U2/J2 is correct but reads ambiguously because the left-hand side is a ratio of dimensionless numbers while the right-hand side involves ratios of interaction and hopping parameters; a brief derivation or a concrete example would improve clarity.
  4. [Eq. (5)] The definition of the one-body density matrix uses ρ_{j,k} = (1/N)⟨Ψ|a†_j a_k|Ψ⟩; please ensure the index ordering is consistent with the standard convention used in the natural-orbital analysis, since the ordering of j and k affects the interpretation of the off-diagonal elements.
  5. [Introduction] The sentence 'to later rotate the direction of polarization, which induces a rotation in the condensate' could be smoothed to avoid the repetition of 'rotation'; this is a style point only.

Circularity Check

1 steps flagged · score 4.0 of 10

Core circulation protocol is self-contained; the large-N optimal-frequency 'prediction' in Appendix A is a power-law fit to the very data it claims to predict.

  1. fitted input called prediction [Appendix A, Fig. 8 (also referenced from Sec. 4.2 and Sec. 4.5)]
    "In Fig. 8 we show the optimal frequencies of the protocol for the data presented in Figs. 4 and 5. These frequencies follow a decaying power-law trend as (N−1)U/J increases... The figure also includes a tentative fit to this trend, to facilitate the prediction for high values of the parameter."

    The advertised 'method for predicting optimal protocol parameters' is implemented by fitting a power-law curve to the very optimal-frequency data shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The predicted high-(N−1)U/J frequencies are therefore not derived from the Hamiltonian or from any independent large-N calculation; they are a restatement of the fitted empirical trend. The scaling ingredient (N−1)U/J is motivated by the mean-field equations, but Appendix B.3 shows that the mean-field description is invalid (condensed fraction below 0.75) over most of the circulation-producing lobe, so the scaling is not independently established for the exact dynamics. Fig. 7 only demonstrates that fixed frequencies yield growing circulation at constant (N−1)U/J, not that those frequencies remain optimal for larger N.

full rationale

The primary protocol claim is self-contained: with U=Ud, the final Hamiltonian is free and the circulation operator commutes with the tunneling term, so the numerically demonstrated creation of circulation for N≤40 is a genuine exact-diagonalization result, not an input-output tautology. The initial-state and gap-closing statements cite prior work by overlapping authors (refs. 33 and 34), but the paper's own time evolution in Fig. 2 independently displays the relevant features, so those citations are not load-bearing. The circularity is limited to the secondary 'prediction' claim: the Appendix A power-law fit is trained on the optimal frequencies it is used to predict, and the (N−1)U/J scaling is asserted from Fig. 7 without any exact large-N verification. Because this step affects only the scalability/parameter-prediction part of the paper and is explicitly labelled 'tentative', the overall circularity is moderate rather than total.

Assumptions & free parameters 4 free parameters · 7 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The paper introduces no new particles or forces. Its load-bearing free inputs are the two protocol rotation frequencies, the empirical power-law fit used for prediction, and an ad hoc fragmentation threshold. Key domain assumptions are the perfect global alignment of dipoles, the Bose-Hubbard description, and the (N-1)U/J scaling that underpins the scalability claim. The main numerical result is a direct simulation, so the ledger is modest.

free parameters (4)
  • omega_xy (in-plane rotation frequency) = varies with N and U; values shown in Fig. 8, not tabulated
    Protocol parameter tuned by grid search to maximize final circulation; the central result depends on choosing it in an intermediate range.
  • omega_z (vertical rotation frequency) = varies with N and U; values shown in Fig. 8, not tabulated
    Protocol parameter that controls protocol duration; tuned by grid search to maximize final circulation.
  • Power-law fit coefficients for optimal frequencies vs (N-1)U/J = not reported in text
    Used to extrapolate optimal omega_xy and omega_z to large N in the proposed prediction method (Appendix A, Fig. 8).
  • Condensed fraction threshold fc = 0.75 = 0.75
    Chosen by hand as a qualitative boundary between condensed and fragmented states in Appendix B.3 to assess mean-field validity.
assumptions (7)
  • domain assumption The extended Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian (Eq. 1) accurately describes dipolar bosons in a three-well ring for the interaction strengths considered.
    Invoked in Sec. 2 as the model; no validation against ab initio calculations or experiment is provided.
  • domain assumption All dipoles remain aligned in the same direction at all times, following the external polarization field.
    Sec. 2: 'all individual dipoles are aligned in the same direction at any given time'.
  • domain assumption The initial state is the ground state of the t=0 Hamiltonian, with sites 2 and 3 predominantly occupied.
    Sec. 3 and Fig. 2; this is based on prior work (Refs. 33,34) rather than computed in this paper.
  • standard math For the equilateral triangular geometry, |r_j - r_k|^3 is constant and can be absorbed into the dipolar coupling Ud.
    Sec. 2, after Eq. (2); true for an equilateral triangle.
  • standard math At U = Ud and with dipoles perpendicular to the plane, the interaction term vanishes exactly (Eq. 4).
    Sec. 2, Eq. (4); follows from the Hamiltonian transformation.
  • ad hoc to paper The dynamics of the system at different N are related by keeping (N-1)U/J fixed, allowing transfer of optimal protocol parameters from small to large N.
    Sec. 4.5 and Appendix A; motivated by mean-field scaling but not derived for exact many-body dynamics and only checked on a few numerical points.
  • domain assumption The coherent mean-field model is valid in parts of parameter space where the condensed fraction exceeds 0.75.
    Appendix B.3; the authors show this approximation fails in many parameter regions where circulation is produced.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Dipolar magnetostirring protocol for three-well atomtronic circuits." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/JGWML55C

@misc{pith2026250105301,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Dipolar magnetostirring protocol for three-well atomtronic circuits},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/JGWML55C}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2501.05301}
}
read the original abstract

We propose a magnetostirring protocol to create persistent currents on an annular system. Under this protocol, polar bosons confined in a three-well ring circuit reach a state with high average circulation. We model the system with an extended Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian and show that the protocol can create circulation in an atomtronic circuit for a range of tunable parameters. The performance and robustness of this scheme are examined, in particular considering different interaction regimes. We also present a method for predicting the optimal protocol parameters, which improves protocol's scalability and enables its application to systems with large numbers of bosons. This overcomes computational limitations and paves the way for exploring macroscopic quantum phenomena.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2501.05301 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Schematic representation of the triple well system (in the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Evolution of the state of a system with N = 8 bosons and inter￾action strengths U/J = Ud /J = 5.0 under the magnetostirring protocol with ωx y = 1.07 ħh/J and ωz = 1.32 ħh/J. a) Eigenenergies Ej and projection of the sys￾tem’s state |Ψ(t)〉 onto the instantaneous eigenstates of the Hamiltonian, {|ϕj 〉} [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Expected value of the azimuthal circulation at the end of the protocol [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (8 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Maximum circulation generated in the system after the protocol for dif [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_4.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Condensed fraction f c at the end of the protocol for different interaction strengths (indicated in the labels) as a function of the number of bosons. The lines are a guide for the eye. the lobe only happens for smaller numbers of particles, where the protocol is more …
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: The final value of the circulation as a function of the on-site interaction [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_6.png]
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Final value of the circulation as a function of the number of bosons [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_7.png]
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Optimal protocol frequencies ωx y (left panel) and ωz (right panel) as a function of (N −1)U/J for the interaction strengths indicated in the labels. The area shaded in red is the confidence interval of the fitting. B Mean-field description B.1 Coherent mean field mode…
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Expected value of the azimuthal circulation at the end of the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_9.png]
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Condensed fraction f c obtained with exact Bose-Hubbard model at the end of the protocol. The threshold of f c = 0.75 is highlighted with the black line [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_10.png]
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Comparison between the final circulation obtained at the end of the pro [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_11.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

55 extracted references · 40 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Pitaevskii and S

    L. Pitaevskii and S. Stringari, Bose-Einstein Condensation and Su- perfluidity, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-875888-4, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198758884.001.0001 (2016)

    arXiv 2016

  2. [2]

    G. W . Rayfield and F . Reif,Quantized Vortex Rings in Superfluid Helium, Physical Review 136(5A), A1194 (1964), doi:10.1103 /PhysRev.136.A1194

    work page 1964

  3. [3]

    M. R. Matthews, B. P . Anderson, P . C. Haljan, D. S. Hall, C. E. Wieman and E. A. Cornell, Vortices in a Bose-Einstein Condensate , Physical Review Letters 83(13), 2498 (1999), doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2498. 15 SciPost Physics Submission

    doi:10.1103/physrevlett.83.2498 1999

  4. [4]

    Yakimenko, S

    A. Yakimenko, S. Vilchinskii, Y. Bidasyuk, Y. Kuriatnikov, K. Isaieva and M. Weyrauch, Generation and decay of persistent current in a toroidal Bose-Einstein condensate , Roma- nian Reports in Physics 67(1), 249 (2015)

    work page 2015

  5. [5]

    Amico, M

    L. Amico, M. Boshier, G. Birkl, A. Minguzzi, C. Miniatura, L.-C. Kwek, D. Aghamalyan, V . Ahufinger, D. Anderson, N. Andrei, A. S. Arnold, M. Baker et al., Roadmap on Atom- tronics: State of the art and perspective , AVS Quantum Science 3(3), 039201 (2021), doi:10.1116/5.0026178

    doi:10.1116/5.0026178 2021

  6. [6]

    J. Polo, W . J. Chetcuti, E. C. Domanti, P . Kitson, A. Osterloh, F . Perciavalle, V . P . Singh and L. Amico, Perspective on new implementations of atomtronic circuits , Quantum Science and Technology 9(3), 030501 (2024), doi:10.1088 /2058-9565/ad48b2

    work page 2024

  7. [7]

    J. Polo, W . J. Chetcuti, T . Haug, A. Minguzzi, K. Wright and L. Amico,Persistent currents in ultracold gases, doi:10.48550 /arXiv.2410.17318 (2024), 2410.17318v1

    arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2410.17318 2024

  8. [8]

    Cominotti, D

    M. Cominotti, D. Rossini, M. Rizzi, F . Hekking and A. Minguzzi, Optimal Persistent Cur- rents for Interacting Bosons on a Ring with a Gauge Field, Physical Review Letters 113(2), 025301 (2014), doi:10.1103 /PhysRevLett.113.025301

    work page 2014

Show all 55 references
  1. [9]

    Aghamalyan, M

    D. Aghamalyan, M. Cominotti, M. Rizzi, D. Rossini, F . Hekking, A. Minguzzi, L.-C. Kwek and L. Amico, Coherent superposition of current flows in an atomtronic quantum in- terference device, New Journal of Physics 17(4), 045023 (2015), doi:10.1088 /1367- 2630/17/4/045023

    2015

  2. [10]

    C. L. Degen, F . Reinhard and P . Cappellaro,Quantum sensing, Reviews of Modern Physics 89(3), 035002 (2017), doi:10.1103 /RevModPhys.89.035002

    2017

  3. [11]

    J. L. Helm, S. L. Cornish and S. A. Gardiner, Sagnac Interferometry Using Bright Matter-Wave Solitons , Physical Review Letters 114(13), 134101 (2015), doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.134101

    2015 doi

  4. [12]

    Pelegrí, J

    G. Pelegrí, J. Mompart and V . Ahufinger, Quantum sensing using imbalanced counter- rotating Bose–Einstein condensate modes, New Journal of Physics20(10), 103001 (2018), doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aae107

    2018 doi

  5. [13]

    T . L. Gustavson, P . Bouyer and M. A. Kasevich, Precision Rotation Measurements with an Atom Interferometer Gyroscope , Physical Review Letters 78(11), 2046 (1997), doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.2046

    1997 doi

  6. [14]

    Adeniji, C

    O. Adeniji, C. Henry , S. Thomas, R. C. Sapp, A. Goyal, C. W . Clark and M. Edwards, Double-target BEC atomtronic rotation sensor , doi:10.48550 /arXiv.2411.06585 (2024), 2411.06585

    2024 doi arXiv

  7. [15]

    J. E. Mooij and C. J. P . M. Harmans,Phase-slip flux qubits, New Journal of Physics 7(1), 219 (2005), doi:10.1088 /1367-2630/7/1/219

    2005

  8. [16]

    O. V . Astafiev, L. B. Ioffe, S. Kafanov, Y. A. Pashkin, K. Y. Arutyunov, D. Shahar, O. Cohen and J. S. Tsai, Coherent quantum phase slip , Nature 484, 355 (2012), doi:10.1038/nature10930

    2012 doi

  9. [17]

    Gallemí, A

    A. Gallemí, A. Muñoz Mateo, R. Mayol and M. Guilleumas, Coherent quantum phase slip in two-component bosonic atomtronic circuits, New Journal of Physics 18(1), 015003 (2016), doi:10.1088 /1367-2630/18/1/015003. 16 SciPost Physics Submission

    2016

  10. [18]

    Goldman, G

    N. Goldman, G. Juzeli ¯unas, P . Öhberg and I. B. Spielman, Light-induced gauge fields for ultracold atoms , Reports on Progress in Physics 77(12), 126401 (2014), doi:10.1088/0034-4885/77/12/126401

    2014 doi

  11. [19]

    Dalibard, F

    J. Dalibard, F . Gerbier, G. Juzeli ¯unas and P . Öhberg, Colloquium: Artificial gauge potentials for neutral atoms , Reviews of Modern Physics 83(4), 1523 (2011), doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.83.1523

    2011 doi

  12. [20]

    A. L. Fetter,Rotating trapped Bose-Einstein condensates, Reviews of Modern Physics81(2), 647 (2009), doi:10.1103 /RevModPhys.81.647

    2009

  13. [21]

    M. F . Andersen, C. Ryu, P . Cladé, V . Natarajan, A. Vaziri, K. Helmerson and W . D. Phillips, Quantized Rotation of Atoms from Photons with Orbital Angular Momentum , Physical Review Letters 97(17), 170406 (2006), doi:10.1103 /PhysRevLett.97.170406

    2006

  14. [22]

    Kumar, R

    A. Kumar, R. Dubessy , T . Badr, C. De Rossi, M. de Goër de Herve, L. Longchambon and H. Perrin, Producing superfluid circulation states using phase imprinting, Physical Review A 97(4), 043615 (2018), doi:10.1103 /PhysRevA.97.043615

    2018

  15. [23]

    Henderson, C

    K. Henderson, C. Ryu, C. MacCormick and M. G. Boshier, Experimental demonstration of painting arbitrary and dynamic potentials for Bose–Einstein condensates , New Journal of Physics 11(4), 043030 (2009), doi:10.1088 /1367-2630/11/4/043030

    2009

  16. [24]

    M. Lu, N. Q. Burdick, S. H. Youn and B. L. Lev, Strongly Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensate of Dysprosium , Physical Review Letters 107(19), 190401 (2011), doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.190401

    2011 doi

  17. [25]

    Y. Tang, N. Q. Burdick, K. Baumann and B. L. Lev, Bose–Einstein condensation of 162Dy and 160Dy, New Journal of Physics 17(4), 045006 (2015), doi:10.1088 /1367- 2630/17/4/045006

    2015

  18. [26]

    Aikawa, A

    K. Aikawa, A. Frisch, M. Mark, S. Baier, A. Rietzler, R. Grimm and F . Ferlaino, Bose- Einstein Condensation of Erbium , Physical Review Letters 108(21), 210401 (2012), doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.210401

    2012 doi

  19. [27]

    Griesmaier, J

    A. Griesmaier, J. Werner, S. Hensler, J. Stuhler and T . Pfau, Bose-Einstein Condensation of Chromium , Physical Review Letters 94(16), 160401 (2005), doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.160401

    2005 doi

  20. [28]

    Miyazawa, R

    Y. Miyazawa, R. Inoue, H. Matsui, G. Nomura and M. Kozuma, Bose-Einstein Condensation of Europium , Physical Review Letters 129(22), 223401 (2022), doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.223401

    2022 doi

  21. [29]

    J. L. Bohn, A. M. Rey and J. Ye, Cold molecules: Progress in quantum en- gineering of chemistry and quantum matter , Science 357(6355), 1002 (2017), doi:10.1126/science.aam6299

    2017 doi

  22. [30]

    Langen, G

    T . Langen, G. Valtolina, D. Wang and J. Ye, Quantum state manipulation and cooling of ultracold molecules, Nature Physics 20(5), 702 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41567-024-02423- 1

    2024 doi

  23. [31]

    Bigagli, W

    N. Bigagli, W . Yuan, S. Zhang, B. Bulatovic, T . Karman, I. Stevenson and S. Will, Ob- servation of Bose–Einstein condensation of dipolar molecules , Nature pp. 1–5 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07492-z. 17 SciPost Physics Submission

    2024 doi

  24. [32]

    Lahaye, C

    T . Lahaye, C. Menotti, L. Santos, M. Lewenstein and T . Pfau, The physics of dipo- lar bosonic quantum gases , Reports on Progress in Physics 72(12), 126401 (2009), doi:10.1088/0034-4885/72/12/126401

    2009 doi

  25. [33]

    Gallemí, M

    A. Gallemí, M. Guilleumas, R. Mayol and A. Sanpera, Role of anisotropy in dipo- lar bosons in triple-well potentials , Physical Review A 88(6), 063645 (2013), doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.88.063645

    2013 doi

  26. [34]

    Rovirola, H

    M. Rovirola, H. Briongos-Merino, B. Juliá-Díaz and M. Guilleumas, Ultracold dipo- lar bosons trapped in atomtronic circuits , Physical Review A 109(6), 063331 (2024), doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.109.063331

    2024 doi

  27. [35]

    Klaus, T

    L. Klaus, T . Bland, E. Poli, C. Politi, G. Lamporesi, E. Casotti, R. N. Bisset, M. J. Mark and F . Ferlaino,Observation of vortices and vortex stripes in a dipolar condensate, Nature Physics 18(12), 1453 (2022), doi:10.1038 /s41567-022-01793-8

    2022

  28. [36]

    S. B. Prasad, T . Bland, B. C. Mulkerin, N. G. Parker and A. M. Martin, Vortex lattice formation in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates via rotation of the polarization , Physical Review A 100(2), 023625 (2019), doi:10.1103 /PhysRevA.100.023625

    2019

  29. [37]

    S. B. Prasad, B. C. Mulkerin and A. M. Martin, Arbitrary-angle rotation of the polariza- tion of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate , Physical Review A 103(3), 033322 (2021), doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.103.033322

    2021 doi

  30. [38]

    Baillie and P

    D. Baillie and P . B. Blakie, Magnetostriction and exchange effects in trapped dipolar Bose and Fermi gases , Physical Review A 86(2), 023605 (2012), doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.86.023605

    2012 doi

  31. [39]

    Bland, G

    T . Bland, G. Lamporesi, M. J. Mark and F . Ferlaino, Vortices in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, Comptes Rendus. Physique 24(S3), 1 (2023), doi:10.5802 /crphys.160, 2303.13263

    2023 arXiv

  32. [40]

    Casotti, E

    E. Casotti, E. Poli, L. Klaus, A. Litvinov, C. Ulm, C. Politi, M. J. Mark, T . Bland and F . Ferlaino, Observation of vortices in a dipolar supersolid , Nature pp. 1–5 (2024), doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08149-7

    2024 doi

  33. [41]

    Giovanazzi, A

    S. Giovanazzi, A. Görlitz and T . Pfau, Tuning the Dipolar Interaction in Quantum Gases, Physical Review Letters 89(13), 130401 (2002), doi:10.1103 /PhysRevLett.89.130401

    2002

  34. [42]

    Arwas, A

    G. Arwas, A. Vardi and D. Cohen, Triangular Bose-Hubbard trimer as a min- imal model for a superfluid circuit , Physical Review A 89(1), 013601 (2014), doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.89.013601

    2014 doi

  35. [43]

    Gallemí, M

    A. Gallemí, M. Guilleumas, J. Martorell, R. Mayol, A. Polls and B. Juliá-Díaz,Fragmented condensation in Bose–Hubbard trimers with tunable tunnelling , New Journal of Physics 17(7), 073014 (2015), doi:10.1088 /1367-2630/17/7/073014

    2015

  36. [44]

    Góral, L

    K. Góral, L. Santos and M. Lewenstein, Quantum Phases of Dipolar Bosons in Optical Lattices , Physical Review Letters 88(17), 170406 (2002), doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.170406

    2002 doi

  37. [45]

    M. Maik, P . Buonsante, A. Vezzani and J. Zakrzewski,Dipolar bosons on an optical lattice ring, Physical Review A 84(5), 053615 (2011), doi:10.1103 /PhysRevA.84.053615. 18 SciPost Physics Submission

    2011

  38. [46]

    Lahaye, T

    T . Lahaye, T . Pfau and L. Santos, Mesoscopic Ensembles of Polar Bosons in Triple-Well Potentials , Physical Review Letters 104(17), 170404 (2010), doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.170404

    2010 doi

  39. [47]

    A. P . Tonel, L. H. Ymai, K. Wittmann, A. Foerster and J. Links, Entangled states of dipo- lar bosons generated in a triple-well potential , SciPost Physics Core 2(1), 003 (2020), doi:10.21468/SciPostPhysCore.2.1.003

    2020 doi

  40. [48]

    C. Chin, R. Grimm, P . Julienne and E. Tiesinga, Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases , Reviews of Modern Physics 82(2), 1225 (2010), doi:10.1103 /RevModPhys.82.1225

    2010

  41. [49]

    Escrivà, A

    A. Escrivà, A. M. Mateo, M. Guilleumas and B. Juliá-Díaz, Tunneling vortex dynam- ics in linearly coupled Bose-Hubbard rings , Physical Review A 100(6), 063621 (2019), doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.100.063621

    2019 doi

  42. [50]

    Ferrando, Discrete-symmetry vortices as angular Bloch modes, Physical Review E72(3), 036612 (2005), doi:10.1103 /PhysRevE.72.036612

    A. Ferrando, Discrete-symmetry vortices as angular Bloch modes, Physical Review E72(3), 036612 (2005), doi:10.1103 /PhysRevE.72.036612

    2005

  43. [51]

    Löwdin, Quantum Theory of Many-Particle Systems

    P .-O. Löwdin, Quantum Theory of Many-Particle Systems. I. Physical Interpretations by Means of Density Matrices, Natural Spin-Orbitals, and Convergence Problems in the Method of Configurational Interaction , Physical Review 97(6), 1474 (1955), doi:10.1103/PhysRev.97.1474

    1955 doi

  44. [52]

    E. J. Mueller, T .-L. Ho, M. Ueda and G. Baym,Fragmentation of Bose-Einstein condensates, Physical Review A 74(3), 033612 (2006), doi:10.1103 /PhysRevA.74.033612

    2006

  45. [53]

    Raventós, T

    D. Raventós, T . Graß, M. Lewenstein and B. Juliá-Díaz,Cold bosons in optical lattices: A tutorial for exact diagonalization , Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 50(11), 113001 (2017), doi:10.1088 /1361-6455/aa68b1

    2017

  46. [54]

    Gallemí, M

    A. Gallemí, M. Guilleumas, J. Martorell, R. Mayol, A. Polls and B. Juliá-Díaz,Robustness of discrete semifluxons in closed bose–hubbard chains, New Journal of Physics18(7), 075005 (2016), doi:10.1088 /1367-2630/18/7/075005

    2016

  47. [55]

    Paraoanu,Persistent currents in a circular array of Bose-Einstein condensates, Physical Review A 67(2), 023607 (2003), doi:10.1103 /PhysRevA.67.023607

    G.-S. Paraoanu,Persistent currents in a circular array of Bose-Einstein condensates, Physical Review A 67(2), 023607 (2003), doi:10.1103 /PhysRevA.67.023607. 19

    2003

Pith tools

Reviewed August 10, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.