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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 75 of 75 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.00577.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.00577 v2

Coverage vector

measured 75 of 75 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.590578Z

measured 77 of 77 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-10T02:11:19.672753Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-11T13:41:05.828465Z

Reference resolution

75 of 75 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy37
  • unresolved37
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 1c9d8d66-ebdd-4b17-af06-253c8a43d3fd · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach write newline

Reference 1

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.361946Z digest=sha256:778b46caf7f3d94d9cb57038402e8064c9c77bc79df42fae09ed31f2407d5328

Observation d44157cd-1a25-4b38-8d17-421693562e0e · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 2

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.366696Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.366696Z digest=sha256:015e4053bb4dbc9206a70aeae4aa190d237cb8870ac7f8ea961f9c3a403c0ebd

Observation d1afc926-5eed-4ce2-b80f-3ed66436bb61 · outbound

This paper cites Deep Variational Information Bottleneck.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Deep Variational Information Bottleneck

Reference 3

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.370973Z digest=sha256:f16b9ca2d61e3e43a1eb6c87c3f6893569e535959d89d974b8f3696ab290ac4d

Observation b97511ad-ee4a-4ce6-a54a-fc2dae7d07f9 · outbound

This paper cites I., Baratin, A., Rajeshwar, S., Ozair, S., Bengio, Y., Courville, A., and Hjelm, D.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach I., Baratin, A., Rajeshwar, S., Ozair, S., Bengio, Y., Courville, A., and Hjelm, D

Reference 4

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.374642Z digest=sha256:cf20ee23064caf1c62e6aa303af2a3866045d3757b61db3c77678bca08dbe6bf

Observation bdfe2e93-ef00-4d9f-b2cd-a076643e7a8b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation ab9bc165-a0d0-4003-877e-ec0f2c8a7365 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:23.272285Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

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Observation 3e9f1598-4dc8-4288-a012-8d2f16e8927f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

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Observation d2981d15-d58d-4fe9-ae07-61d109924f7a · outbound

This paper cites Rev: Information-theoretic evaluation of free-text rationales.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Rev: Information-theoretic evaluation of free-text rationales

Reference 8

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.387258Z digest=sha256:4bb2807d7e13e333d46f2ca3fcdd086ce0f385403d53a131e7b603b711ef2f5c

Observation 90199bd6-4d82-4b70-adbd-8ab9732a126e · outbound

This paper cites Infogan: Interpretable representation learning by information maximizing generative adversarial nets.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Infogan: Interpretable representation learning by information maximizing generative adversarial nets

Reference 9

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.390352Z digest=sha256:205add9a5e9c4d9aaa2a0641799fbd91f19bb94de9fab6f885e08a5fde53d5e9

Observation 189b3758-09ee-4de5-847e-b035692d4008 · outbound

This paper cites Club: A contrastive log-ratio upper bound of mutual information.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Club: A contrastive log-ratio upper bound of mutual information

Reference 10

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

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Observation 4a518a6a-892b-46e9-b43f-43b9676e921e · outbound

This paper cites Fairfil: Contrastive neural debiasing method for pretrained text encoders.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Fairfil: Contrastive neural debiasing method for pretrained text encoders

Reference 11

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

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Observation 07e0b3e4-df60-4972-ab6d-9a4f1cf1465b · outbound

This paper cites Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale

Reference 12

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 5f44aa2b-4672-40e7-b11f-f4fd15b78b32 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:23.217692Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

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Observation 34580dcd-73ef-4662-bcfb-e3fad7547bda · outbound

This paper cites An information-theoretic approach to distribution shifts.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach An information-theoretic approach to distribution shifts

Reference 14

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verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.406141Z digest=sha256:ecfbd6f9ae64e7de1b217bc6b75e7d087df3cb9879992b8772696e8a2db4f5a4

Observation 87f04269-61c4-45cf-9295-d5068b1a2d46 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:23.199241Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.409209Z digest=sha256:8dcff4b3b2d72955ee761b34b695f9ba9b2f6a94ac5d4e87459fb731089f34d8

Observation d3630b04-568a-4559-bad8-1da5abaf4e09 · outbound

This paper cites Finetune like you pretrain: Improved finetuning of zero-shot vision models.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Finetune like you pretrain: Improved finetuning of zero-shot vision models

Reference 16

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.412172Z digest=sha256:12c6b78db61133617346f2bb5422e8078692468e00504bf5f402eea68ba20e02

Observation c12eb1bc-7f36-44ee-99a7-8fa12ad952ea · outbound

This paper cites How well does gpt-4v (ision) adapt to distribution shifts? a preliminary investigation.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach How well does gpt-4v (ision) adapt to distribution shifts? a preliminary investigation

Reference 17

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

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Observation c558a017-6367-4981-b109-4435838c6ad7 · outbound

This paper cites Clipscore: A reference-free evaluation metric for image captioning.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Clipscore: A reference-free evaluation metric for image captioning

Reference 18

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

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Observation 595f81a9-01bc-470d-81db-68b15b4815e7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

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Observation 5211b60e-00ca-4e97-809b-b8709d63955a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.424279Z digest=sha256:197ab60a28cb627cae5302f2e32d7a6eea52b7a9b86c17b5875fdd4b50bb5801

Observation 795091c5-efa2-4f92-9dff-2760c72cb1e0 · outbound

This paper cites The Representation Jensen-Shannon Divergence.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach The Representation Jensen-Shannon Divergence

Reference 21

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.427409Z digest=sha256:8e63875f0afd332d12c4a2df016a32cc7f4f6a50b1177bcea7c94b16b60ac8ba

Observation 6015235b-f253-4b99-9770-78b3ab9e68ea · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:23.140868Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.430721Z digest=sha256:83643dd32b422bc39cfd8fcd853a80afa2cc054d72521fb1b81048a365364f0f

Observation b219e170-0943-41fd-8a3a-86ef68d1b749 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4o System Card.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach GPT-4o System Card

Reference 23

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 72fd4dfa-6f26-4fbe-b99d-f24504382b7e · outbound

This paper cites E5-V: Universal Embeddings with Multimodal Large Language Models.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach E5-V: Universal Embeddings with Multimodal Large Language Models

Reference 24

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.436987Z digest=sha256:7b5dcafabebedc3f15bd9769e190d620646a1c2eb9445722ccb6f5cebd2a53b9

Observation 29c0c5e9-c8f2-4ec8-9069-3c276140eb8c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:23.130970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.440240Z digest=sha256:75af2a8aabefc59cfcfbab08239298c8f4b14060b4da6845f5f42ab0db310744

Observation bf2e057f-be82-4557-ab67-ebb441917081 · outbound

This paper cites Prometheus: Inducing fine-grained evaluation capability in language models.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Prometheus: Inducing fine-grained evaluation capability in language models

Reference 26

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.443094Z digest=sha256:ae475ddcdfa04c7a5ebcee1968b9151a8ea5f09c26a2ad4eff97bafa57bbd37e

Observation e6aff845-c8bd-4ea6-9e38-bfa064587ae7 · outbound

This paper cites Rademacher complexities and bounding the excess risk in active learning.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Rademacher complexities and bounding the excess risk in active learning

Reference 27

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

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Observation faeea4c6-0783-48ba-9e98-27e110b02ac2 · outbound

This paper cites A mutual information maximization perspective of language representation learning.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach A mutual information maximization perspective of language representation learning

Reference 28

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verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

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Observation 78e37d9b-b772-495a-81c3-a3396f7af58b · outbound

This paper cites Estimating mutual information.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Estimating mutual information

Reference 29

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.451794Z digest=sha256:b138dd5665f4764a584aa9167a00d11d82ef71132faa06d51183e774551f2e71

Observation 198d0fea-8280-42b2-a5ca-a9efca09d3d1 · outbound

This paper cites Fine-tuning can distort pretrained features and underperform out-of-distribution.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Fine-tuning can distort pretrained features and underperform out-of-distribution

Reference 30

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:23.085315Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.454612Z digest=sha256:e2dbea9f6b8452099943609ab4b1e0714317778658f162369aa3475456e01063

Observation 13b24b29-8b7a-457d-93bc-536c6d920b65 · outbound

This paper cites Llava-med: Training a large language-and-vision assistant for biomedicine in one day.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Llava-med: Training a large language-and-vision assistant for biomedicine in one day

Reference 31

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:23.075313Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.457363Z digest=sha256:00abd85bd65a771dc6805772223c0b66f082adbb0e54885fa64b281eca26c0ca

Observation 7e7cc85e-0578-4585-b2f7-ba963f534ace · outbound

This paper cites Robust prompt optimization for large language models against distribution shifts.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Robust prompt optimization for large language models against distribution shifts

Reference 32

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verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.460187Z digest=sha256:06c5b63dadbb40d51f4b2998dca887fda44bc6be762deb4dad6c61805f1b445e

Observation b02229b8-cfc5-46d3-b6c0-837ebbbf1227 · outbound

This paper cites and Turner, R.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach and Turner, R

Reference 33

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unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.463111Z digest=sha256:3b96dfe71d3ce1818d4849c86903141af441154fbecbe39c026dd8fe23294ff1

Observation 2081fa82-b69b-43b7-9314-8ec1081beeab · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating object hallucination in large vision-language models.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Evaluating object hallucination in large vision-language models

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:23.049451Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.466042Z digest=sha256:fee20966cefcdebe9cc7685c97a304cca5d09ac0f9b379acbfd82f3b4cfd85fa

Observation 22e1020e-88ee-4332-b149-06d94db768c8 · outbound

This paper cites Aligning Instruction Tuning with Pre-training.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Aligning Instruction Tuning with Pre-training

Reference 35

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.468968Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.468968Z digest=sha256:bf5d0d7c5da3d2ce77c55ca7a18d51df0df16c6b72c9b40145f06793a1a1b47c

Observation 5b611a17-3792-442e-a882-7ee7c6c80f6f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:23.039599Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

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Observation 4ccf07d0-2882-4c26-89f4-950c1bbe5073 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:23.025286Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

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Observation 92ff93b0-0f24-445e-a05e-b13c2f1862a6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

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unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.478134Z digest=sha256:140998755ad30f96e6b5bbbda6973071f764894ef77df8d7eb31f3e1ea89999f

Observation 0a0fff0f-d93d-434a-b361-9c4acd4e3750 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:23.009336Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.481153Z digest=sha256:2764411456a7e1d7d16b6db80f4636a2f5777a4a2d2d3fad101b903e90410a22

Observation 43d6de76-5468-453b-be1f-a585197e15e2 · outbound

This paper cites Foundations of machine learning, 2018.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Foundations of machine learning, 2018

Reference 40

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verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.484066Z digest=sha256:a9e8f35840ed376223f8be830194f7ebb1be66d6faec6876a8aa8e0fc1d1f715

Observation ba54710c-7887-4a7d-9060-86e1a79c6964 · outbound

This paper cites J., and Jordan, M.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach J., and Jordan, M

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.487066Z digest=sha256:d33ed8cc138e4dc90213fdfc69572dbdc758452b2a6553b5a3471825ed167419

Observation 8257ab39-5c17-469c-bf10-c34f1fdec0ec · outbound

This paper cites Towards calibrated robust fine-tuning of vision-language models.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Towards calibrated robust fine-tuning of vision-language models

Reference 42

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verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.490094Z digest=sha256:b1454b12aceca38d6577c0f52cb0c9d6d887fa62339159a13f02d4375d766f16

Observation ad6b04ce-f9ef-447a-a38a-ce620c04d2cd · outbound

This paper cites Dawin: Training-free dynamic weight interpolation for robust adaptation.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Dawin: Training-free dynamic weight interpolation for robust adaptation

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.968602Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.493315Z digest=sha256:23db94a06c953021def199055e08ae7b644bbaa93215004ea121b829be527634

Observation 50ba2322-ed56-4ddd-94a6-cd675b61e334 · outbound

This paper cites Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Coding.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Coding

Reference 44

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.496617Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.496617Z digest=sha256:8a088ce690160ebbbf707090676a13e2ac331e834e55d3eaa149062c94adf0e8

Observation 75ed145f-b41e-4d17-9ebf-6f702b0c7c95 · outbound

This paper cites Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.499898Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.499898Z digest=sha256:dd20d39cd69993295258fe7514e0582e7448ddcf0116a92648463e88fa1e3cc4

Observation 90f36646-9a36-49a9-ba8b-0c65d6353236 · outbound

This paper cites Estimation of entropy and mutual information.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Estimation of entropy and mutual information

Reference 46

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.953138Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.502898Z digest=sha256:222facd1262b4e9f6fca5d928c657015083a7df932906cdebb30c672b933b93c

Observation 100a0f0f-02f5-4502-9b3f-f5bcb88fc4f9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.943721Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.505941Z digest=sha256:c1545c58b135b9301dd292a1c94504a3883e06935a9e8a17b4fd67a8af507be4

Observation b1ba5e12-e7fe-4806-a54b-b5f484d91aef · outbound

This paper cites On variational bounds of mutual information.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach On variational bounds of mutual information

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.934525Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.509018Z digest=sha256:dbc1a48929f796843f67ed9c9cd2b73453d1772f15a9fe6d2da9ca55471eb256

Observation 4dadb31d-8ecb-4d99-88f8-c829b13f5e84 · outbound

This paper cites W., Hallacy, C., Ramesh, A., Goh, G., Agarwal, S., Sastry, G., Askell, A., Mishkin, P., Clark, J., et al.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach W., Hallacy, C., Ramesh, A., Goh, G., Agarwal, S., Sastry, G., Askell, A., Mishkin, P., Clark, J., et al

Reference 49

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.511987Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.511987Z digest=sha256:cf0c810e226e7c86f0f5d8f25bfb1cdb85dc981f07b1d6f9db52213c8bf6f7d7

Observation b155f565-0fdf-4705-941d-8e3bba6b83d3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.515059Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.515059Z digest=sha256:ef7ac66645f027edd37ece311f4d8c5805f38e7ddad225bdf8ac17d54ac82801

Observation b77974f0-9690-442a-b66c-f9f439562bc4 · outbound

This paper cites A novel domain adaptation theory with jensen--shannon divergence.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach A novel domain adaptation theory with jensen--shannon divergence

Reference 51

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.913514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.518170Z digest=sha256:22a6897cf25624e86675fa9056b3e012492401d1c7f326bf159c0d335ab95700

Observation 13098184-beb5-49c6-8408-e45891f1c756 · outbound

This paper cites Opening the Black Box of Deep Neural Networks via Information.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Opening the Black Box of Deep Neural Networks via Information

Reference 52

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.521422Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.521422Z digest=sha256:7c03d88d027beb5dc35630d48f6db3beb46cf96b2054689162b12af9e10b9325

Observation 4eecf730-b1e4-4929-b51d-fd388f9dfaa0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 53

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.903158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.525031Z digest=sha256:6eebe72b9caba08b732b3872a192f3c8651f5dd4929b150663bab372385908e5

Observation 84411106-544c-4db3-a93d-a1f039b14286 · outbound

This paper cites and Rawat, A.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach and Rawat, A

Reference 54

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.893450Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.527918Z digest=sha256:8c4333bf97438f627d3820cb5aaf7e4e127b849fe7c7c559a39f7bac156f53ad

Observation bf5878ee-c166-4ceb-95dd-94c368f55069 · outbound

This paper cites An information-theoretic approach to prompt engineering without ground truth labels.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach An information-theoretic approach to prompt engineering without ground truth labels

Reference 55

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.883331Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.530925Z digest=sha256:713999e90a5d8d4553f0f66285e9ca99333003a84396d324b27308f35da83615

Observation 61e28932-da66-4439-8072-c051a3b558f9 · outbound

This paper cites and Goldfeld, Z.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach and Goldfeld, Z

Reference 56

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.873438Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.533981Z digest=sha256:f26dbfaa1d919ca2ece58b3a9c56b3d562a1e84510c482841904ec111f46442a

Observation 396b85c9-7909-47de-ac21-e3c895cd1b95 · outbound

This paper cites K., Fukumizu, K., Gretton, A., Sch \"o lkopf, B., and Lanckriet, G.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach K., Fukumizu, K., Gretton, A., Sch \"o lkopf, B., and Lanckriet, G

Reference 57

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.863789Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.536870Z digest=sha256:45c5dd11491a49d69d0701ac08f6c947ef18aa566df07b2609da9abdc42607cc

Observation 4007c452-fcec-41c3-a437-431d8b8c7f62 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring robustness to natural distribution shifts in image classification.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Measuring robustness to natural distribution shifts in image classification

Reference 58

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.539823Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.539823Z digest=sha256:dc80336140c0c8b6fd0287e57827c2dc9e97a8a5cb607e8d84d0ef97001264ba

Observation e8a4ce3c-6946-4be8-bb79-cc9f84edde3a · outbound

This paper cites K., Khetan, A., Lin, Z., and Oh, S.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach K., Khetan, A., Lin, Z., and Oh, S

Reference 59

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.848252Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.542618Z digest=sha256:5b9dda5166a29595cb0c7cd46c1a982b2ec7c661de1b5c510254647594e2efc2

Observation 936fba69-c066-4a33-bba8-b9dd8bc9f5c4 · outbound

This paper cites Trainable projected gradient method for robust fine-tuning.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Trainable projected gradient method for robust fine-tuning

Reference 60

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.545829Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.545829Z digest=sha256:b91b7cdc0a499c40aae155c683411be8b553670f51ee6267b09812cb85cfee4a

Observation f3908a94-f943-473b-b524-6886821bfcc2 · outbound

This paper cites K., Gelly, S., and Lucic, M.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach K., Gelly, S., and Lucic, M

Reference 61

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.833132Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.548806Z digest=sha256:caef73fc7d4e38157ad97b3abc5881149d395e80f171d423dfd36e7a9026e777

Observation 88be08d1-cc4b-4d24-a09d-e229bebfeb43 · outbound

This paper cites A., Saeidi, A., Hegde, S., Therala, A., Bardoliya, F.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach A., Saeidi, A., Hegde, S., Therala, A., Bardoliya, F

Reference 62

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.823660Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.551724Z digest=sha256:25e72971d36bdfd9f25766375b7d503467de23faf7e720c9194ed7c95c50217c

Observation e811a48b-b2dc-4b9d-b6fb-0b6a8a644b8f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 63

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.554670Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.554670Z digest=sha256:aed041fc22dc079004af2c120cf6948a9b67b0f38b23737deb1c00f8c90f6b66

Observation 85d12f2c-5e41-4663-9aa1-24e07adc26aa · outbound

This paper cites Info \ bert \ : Improving robustness of language models from an information theoretic perspective.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Info \ bert \ : Improving robustness of language models from an information theoretic perspective

Reference 64

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.808025Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.557668Z digest=sha256:260295f13baea875ef45b743560e7289d5804b7843ff3f0706b3c8c5a42b5e7a

Observation 4d58bd9c-ea6d-4f0d-a203-46ecba6ed8cd · outbound

This paper cites W., Li, M., Kornblith, S., Roelofs, R., Lopes, R.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach W., Li, M., Kornblith, S., Roelofs, R., Lopes, R

Reference 65

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.560644Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.560644Z digest=sha256:2b7054080e97f73bef6081d436c9942ad183d280f97787b739c5e2911bb60791

Observation ebd55dcc-bce5-4288-8f13-7113462c25c4 · outbound

This paper cites and Barron, A.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach and Barron, A

Reference 66

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.792194Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.563501Z digest=sha256:ceb7886fcb31a726a0e432df40dab53132bbec25f61a2f7713e0b6996c5f7009

Observation da279d00-45b7-4ff6-bf4a-95005ea0f1d1 · outbound

This paper cites Beaf: Observing before-after changes to evaluate hallucination in vision-language models.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Beaf: Observing before-after changes to evaluate hallucination in vision-language models

Reference 67

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.782109Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.566559Z digest=sha256:a64a633537f0f55017d7850ebdb2a9219aea3730d505e42121aa69320c715490

Observation e1bbe5de-e55f-4f3e-9871-1d6820e88789 · outbound

This paper cites Bartscore: Evaluating generated text as text generation.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Bartscore: Evaluating generated text as text generation

Reference 68

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.772255Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.569694Z digest=sha256:91bc70a0027e6d0671e5283a0288c63fd602b72649567052833b97512f5a4fab

Observation 0993dd2c-5b40-40b4-ba61-ab61612eade1 · outbound

This paper cites J., and Ma, Y.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach J., and Ma, Y

Reference 69

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.762537Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.572800Z digest=sha256:a4772da92254316e37412dba2888ea0e96e795b2d07ecb19f38bbb42db68186f

Observation 80bdf995-892e-410b-b130-73aed7171a4b · outbound

This paper cites Q., and Artzi, Y.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Q., and Artzi, Y

Reference 70

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.753047Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.575614Z digest=sha256:510c719adb8489f916b8316469bcb2cfcec0056cf49c862d9485af5bf566d607

Observation f8263fc8-0269-4b0f-913b-db250b239418 · outbound

This paper cites On the Out-Of-Distribution Generalization of Multimodal Large Language Models.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach On the Out-Of-Distribution Generalization of Multimodal Large Language Models

Reference 71

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.578529Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.578529Z digest=sha256:1ce026b72c4b645f8ec1e1205292a869813f6c4611d337bbb983a46b7a1cd961

Observation b0217c10-9445-4a76-a337-5cfeb598707b · outbound

This paper cites Why are visually-grounded language models bad at image classification? Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2024 b.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Why are visually-grounded language models bad at image classification? Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2024 b

Reference 72

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.743393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.581740Z digest=sha256:d8938f43515dc465997a006224ddac4743bde4f2421e28da7953935aac59d9a7

Observation 4a9de093-9523-4ed9-b828-7108383240f3 · outbound

This paper cites Judging llm-as-a-judge with mt-bench and chatbot arena.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Judging llm-as-a-judge with mt-bench and chatbot arena

Reference 73

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.584434Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.584434Z digest=sha256:89d130aad9a1eff8fdefe2a1b9e89322b68442f9e41e386b095db148fa6ce061

Observation 85a6fae4-c831-42ea-9361-3579b660e8d2 · outbound

This paper cites Adapting Large Multimodal Models to Distribution Shifts: The Role of In-Context Learning.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Adapting Large Multimodal Models to Distribution Shifts: The Role of In-Context Learning

Reference 74

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.626485Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.587411Z digest=sha256:c1f084866bd629dff6db62c181aae6a2e6d2f033ff260885d045204f37c54e59

Observation 295e550e-b6f7-4238-8dee-f701e91defc1 · outbound

This paper cites Mini GPT -4: Enhancing vision-language understanding with advanced large language models.

Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach Mini GPT -4: Enhancing vision-language understanding with advanced large language models

Reference 75

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:37:22.727739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-09T18:37:22.590578Z digest=sha256:c3f668b7a9774aac9eae9b7b576e5457cf80fba61eae9c939ba5fa4a21ed9c4f

Pith citing papers

Observation 4156a342-abaa-4fcd-a198-11b220ee5573 · inbound

CoDA: Towards Effective Cross-domain Knowledge Transfer via CoT-guided Domain Adaptation cites this paper.

CoDA: Towards Effective Cross-domain Knowledge Transfer via CoT-guided Domain Adaptation Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach

Reference 57

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T13:11:20.666732Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T02:11:19.672753Z digest=sha256:27ac193692e0dee30657817061fc684f9adfd21491fd4602b6fe079881a69446

Observation 1a676061-af5c-4753-8f4a-f4775b23dae9 · inbound

COMPASS: COntinual Multilingual PEFT with Adaptive Semantic Sampling cites this paper.

COMPASS: COntinual Multilingual PEFT with Adaptive Semantic Sampling Understanding Multimodal LLMs Under Distribution Shifts: An Information-Theoretic Approach

Reference 51

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T13:41:05.837033Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-05-10T01:14:16.831333Z digest=sha256:f4b18217be29906ed7e0ade1a7518526031528b1cb96c59df8683f92cc0f756e