Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures

As of 11 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 48 of 48 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2502.00617.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.00617 v1

Coverage vector

measured 48 of 48 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.680258Z

measured 49 of 49 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-08T19:36:09.771806Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-09T05:45:21.601692Z

Reference resolution

48 of 48 outbound references displayed

verified exact4
verified fuzzy2
unresolved42
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation e18228da-8bb3-4508-b315-2938a4a0e573 · outbound

This paper cites URL: " 'urlintro :=.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures URL: " 'urlintro :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.458183Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a416953e-2c45-4442-a1d2-163438acc413 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.464095Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 84bd3968-77bd-48bf-aff4-3f9eac6aaa47 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.605761Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation c3ef2d42-34a2-4a32-8778-9e4eed88d7be · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.590203Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation f81d6158-99e8-4da6-a659-e1006f76c835 · outbound

This paper cites Longformer: The Long-Document Transformer.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Longformer: The Long-Document Transformer

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.480107Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 64c95a05-22eb-4907-9fb1-74e55336519d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.485698Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eba5893c-906f-4a90-b354-ba0b91d1b8a5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.576070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation be846f07-3181-4976-adea-e3f06583b781 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.373744Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation e0f3a28d-9403-4df7-96fa-465898f31945 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.501103Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ffaddcf1-cf76-4730-a548-f70785f34f54 · outbound

This paper cites LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.506010Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b56daff-466f-45cb-9057-585134444ef1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.511060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d4a2bca6-27f7-480c-ba32-360bd8597dfe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.516111Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2fb85a48-9864-4e4d-a42d-066b429cb999 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.520895Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 18eeafeb-b7cb-4ae3-b6c8-7e56145883af · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.562061Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation a8688935-0bb2-4a98-b232-ff687258bf21 · outbound

This paper cites Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networks.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networks

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.530830Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9cea0290-119b-4e30-99f4-80ab71dc2a12 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.535697Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f53118ea-da55-4478-9a19-bd11537b28f2 · outbound

This paper cites Block-Recurrent Transformers.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Block-Recurrent Transformers

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.540223Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c322ac9b-3369-47dc-8afe-59c5e356cedd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.548408Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 80c42932-9947-4f2c-a9ab-5b3e484f21d1 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.549424Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b83430db-242b-4663-ab57-eae4d93c21c1 · outbound

This paper cites Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.554133Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ab4c02a7-5e40-4d0d-a91a-0a26652cd53d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.558992Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0149a374-dad3-4cab-8ccd-c07390db0e90 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.563621Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9deb1e40-726f-49bb-9c40-48fc2a3a4fe4 · outbound

This paper cites Wang, Hui Dai, and Yoav Artzi.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Wang, Hui Dai, and Yoav Artzi

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.568124Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8f3dbf18-d198-4013-9ca0-29285ec17e7a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.534474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 20db30ab-0a5f-4d9a-9038-27046affc4fc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.576774Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1922846e-ac27-4657-aabf-2aa3cc92edb0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.581265Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ba301f4e-c608-4b39-a99c-43bcf1a9ce19 · outbound

This paper cites Pay Attention when Required.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Pay Attention when Required

Reference 27

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.142231Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation a548c7c4-f9c4-4b60-a327-2eeb6c48006e · outbound

This paper cites Single Headed Attention RNN: Stop Thinking With Your Head.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Single Headed Attention RNN: Stop Thinking With Your Head

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.121578Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 7b9e88d9-eec9-4e57-92dd-0931a6339d68 · outbound

This paper cites An Analysis of Neural Language Modeling at Multiple Scales.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures An Analysis of Neural Language Modeling at Multiple Scales

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.595279Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e2ab52c4-93ca-4b33-9478-7afe9041e88e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.511461Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 5677fc4a-e68f-4b84-ad90-945255fe98c6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.604178Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c91553f9-51c6-4bf1-be9e-b7161cad805b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.608538Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a9429941-8d11-49d2-b87f-f4185addb359 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.612660Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e6baff31-89a0-4308-a571-6c09b1ea9c9b · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.616976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e89532dc-90f2-4c07-ac41-c2ba922e76e3 · outbound

This paper cites Rae, Anna Potapenko, Siddhant M.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Rae, Anna Potapenko, Siddhant M

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.479058Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 92d19c8f-e11a-47ad-ab88-c21ce2eabeeb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.626247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 54c25eaf-36ce-4ac4-ac05-cd55ee737dd4 · outbound

This paper cites The Prompt Report: A Systematic Survey of Prompt Engineering Techniques.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures The Prompt Report: A Systematic Survey of Prompt Engineering Techniques

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.630692Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0cfdbc74-0017-4934-9eb0-89d26920a2ae · outbound

This paper cites Smith, and Oren Etzioni.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Smith, and Oren Etzioni

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.635525Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8562572d-99a0-43d4-ba54-b2816612e92d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.640159Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bc45e5d8-0677-4b75-b0f0-fbe42fdb203e · outbound

This paper cites A disciplined approach to neural network hyper-parameters: Part 1 -- learning rate, batch size, momentum, and weight decay.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures A disciplined approach to neural network hyper-parameters: Part 1 -- learning rate, batch size, momentum, and weight decay

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.644468Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0efe32f5-1173-4cd8-a970-40ebddb3425c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.462756Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 0a836c9f-0181-447d-ab8e-8e9c1c902b22 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.448256Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 23f9352d-d29b-4ea4-af1c-66db0a90793d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.725628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 691c14e0-69d3-4f50-ba8b-cdaa6495fec0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.662986Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a1b3a3f1-3c44-4ffc-94bc-6374f498699e · outbound

This paper cites Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.433952Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 5a35d9f4-25f8-44b1-ba82-6051dda05fe1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.419471Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 58504904-72a4-4899-b690-cb8b826b8fd0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:31.676006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f91271b7-508a-40cf-af15-65cafb4bfaac · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T18:21:32.404785Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation d95701c1-cfd0-471d-b6f0-0e5a2659d0a2 · inbound

Dependency Parsing Across the Resource Spectrum: Evaluating Architectures on High and Low-Resource Languages cites this paper.

Dependency Parsing Across the Resource Spectrum: Evaluating Architectures on High and Low-Resource Languages Efficient Language Modeling for Low-Resource Settings with Hybrid RNN-Transformer Architectures

Reference 33

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-09T05:45:21.603929Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.