Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 26 of 26 outbound references and 6 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.07222.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.07222 v1

Coverage vector

measured 26 of 26 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.126884Z

measured 32 of 32 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 6 of 6 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T05:06:15.845262Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-18T14:52:41.305916Z

Reference resolution

26 of 26 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy3
unresolved21
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation c43fe9cd-617f-4505-ac56-f4d5740570ed · outbound

This paper cites Language Models are Few-Shot Learners.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.007786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e0be1fcc-0bdd-44f7-b901-b882f8008b00 · outbound

This paper cites LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.038311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1e1eff25-4cd1-4051-8c2d-52f462d793c4 · outbound

This paper cites Chain of LoRA: Efficient Fine-tuning of Language Models via Residual Learning.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models Chain of LoRA: Efficient Fine-tuning of Language Models via Residual Learning

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.043331Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 723f37ca-d918-4659-b148-8b7389db98c5 · outbound

This paper cites Subspace Optimization for Large Language Models with Convergence Guarantees.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models Subspace Optimization for Large Language Models with Convergence Guarantees

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.048006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c1dd313c-bc00-4608-967b-bcdeee29589f · outbound

This paper cites Flora: Low-Rank Adapters Are Secretly Gradient Compressors.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models Flora: Low-Rank Adapters Are Secretly Gradient Compressors

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.052527Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3416b57f-a747-44e1-aa4f-53cd5a854338 · outbound

This paper cites Enhancing Zeroth-order Fine-tuning for Language Models with Low-rank Structures.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models Enhancing Zeroth-order Fine-tuning for Language Models with Low-rank Structures

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.057316Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9ba0fd91-1273-4f46-8c25-048b37646563 · outbound

This paper cites LoRA Learns Less and Forgets Less.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models LoRA Learns Less and Forgets Less

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.061884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 962db0d4-9782-4af4-8935-6fcb5d559388 · outbound

This paper cites Memory-Efficient LLM Training with Online Subspace Descent.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models Memory-Efficient LLM Training with Online Subspace Descent

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.066484Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7257a49f-7d7f-4d3f-bb85-442a9660787d · outbound

This paper cites Fira: Can we achieve full-rank training of llms under low-rank constraint? arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.01623, 2024b.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models Fira: Can we achieve full-rank training of llms under low-rank constraint? arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.01623, 2024b

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.070965Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a7221865-1152-4da2-a76c-69f946720f23 · outbound

This paper cites GWT: Scalable Optimizer State Compression for Large Language Model Training.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models GWT: Scalable Optimizer State Compression for Large Language Model Training

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.282331Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 5512ac83-5cbc-40c7-8f4b-cfb6d32aa5ec · outbound

This paper cites Second-Order Fine-Tuning without Pain for LLMs:A Hessian Informed Zeroth-Order Optimizer.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models Second-Order Fine-Tuning without Pain for LLMs:A Hessian Informed Zeroth-Order Optimizer

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.089462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 51eb4ee5-6276-4bf5-93c6-39a0e6e05ef5 · outbound

This paper cites Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.094129Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8999f02c-d660-4eb4-96f3-afa40bc85f4f · outbound

This paper cites {Zero-offload}: Democratizing {billion-scale} model training.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models {Zero-offload}: Democratizing {billion-scale} model training

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.702554Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b2700321-27a8-44be-bb10-b64b6f316864 · outbound

This paper cites Unified Convergence Analysis for Adaptive Optimization with Moving Average Estimator.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models Unified Convergence Analysis for Adaptive Optimization with Moving Average Estimator

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.202894Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 0e2b3cf8-96b4-49c7-9de4-517f0a01e3aa · outbound

This paper cites RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.117526Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dc7a6963-77c3-4ea5-9329-d7b9aa275ed5 · outbound

This paper cites We also report the memory overhead and total training time for each method.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models We also report the memory overhead and total training time for each method

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.672786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 7d117e1a-e632-4350-889c-e33cbc2f503e · outbound

This paper cites Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization

Reference 2014

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.028545Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7dbf2f18-468c-4ae3-9814-34798345d6b9 · outbound

This paper cites QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs

Reference 2016

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.098753Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 81b546d6-cd09-41b1-b43e-8fe64df9ee27 · outbound

This paper cites GaLore: Memory-Efficient LLM Training by Gradient Low-Rank Projection.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models GaLore: Memory-Efficient LLM Training by Gradient Low-Rank Projection

Reference 2017

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.033460Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a964815e-6c11-4934-8371-7c97acad7c5c · outbound

This paper cites Natural GaLore: Accelerating GaLore for memory-efficient LLM Training and Fine-tuning.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models Natural GaLore: Accelerating GaLore for memory-efficient LLM Training and Fine-tuning

Reference 2018

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.075566Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3347d7e8-4a3d-48c4-92ac-90dd0a3a50dd · outbound

This paper cites GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.122265Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d0cd6cf5-8f8b-4b11-99ce-5024066cf95e · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 2020

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.013680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cfea90d6-d746-4ff9-877f-9862585cee59 · outbound

This paper cites G10: Enabling an efficient unified gpu memory and storage architecture with smart tensor migrations.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models G10: Enabling an efficient unified gpu memory and storage architecture with smart tensor migrations

Reference 2021

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.688081Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation fe92f3d9-0eb2-4e29-bbda-735c56a10869 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.018811Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c68f13ae-ebba-426c-98f6-6fdfa3823743 · outbound

This paper cites Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.023758Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 762db2e0-86aa-46b6-9993-bec36b85da3a · outbound

This paper cites Variance-reduced Zeroth-Order Methods for Fine-Tuning Language Models.

A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models Variance-reduced Zeroth-Order Methods for Fine-Tuning Language Models

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T13:31:42.084774Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 975a7038-cd34-481d-aa55-a59dd83bf1a5 · inbound

FZOO: Fast Zeroth-Order Optimizer for Fine-Tuning Large Language Models towards Adam-Scale Speed cites this paper.

FZOO: Fast Zeroth-Order Optimizer for Fine-Tuning Large Language Models towards Adam-Scale Speed A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:06:15.845262Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d48eac71-acc1-4a57-a145-b1334f1674a9 · inbound

CR-Net: Scaling Parameter-Efficient Training with Cross-Layer Low-Rank Structure cites this paper.

CR-Net: Scaling Parameter-Efficient Training with Cross-Layer Low-Rank Structure A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T14:52:41.310077Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b9b5e486-9ed5-43bd-9601-4a81e8f559c6 · inbound

BOOST: BOttleneck-Optimized Scalable Training Framework for Low-Rank Large Language Models cites this paper.

BOOST: BOttleneck-Optimized Scalable Training Framework for Low-Rank Large Language Models A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T23:21:21.624728Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation fe18d896-397a-46a8-b4d8-f4cd285c224a · inbound

AdaMeZO: Adam-style Zeroth-Order Optimizer for LLM Fine-tuning Without Maintaining the Moments cites this paper.

AdaMeZO: Adam-style Zeroth-Order Optimizer for LLM Fine-tuning Without Maintaining the Moments A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models

Reference 58

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T15:31:07.546357Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation ec5d3761-5ce8-44bf-84cd-c91704fedc2a · inbound

BROS: Bias-Corrected Randomized Subspaces for Memory-Efficient Single-Loop Bilevel Optimization cites this paper.

BROS: Bias-Corrected Randomized Subspaces for Memory-Efficient Single-Loop Bilevel Optimization A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T05:56:26.672855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 15be2455-b720-4779-9d82-bceece556a22 · inbound

BROS: Bias-Corrected Randomized Subspaces for Memory-Efficient Single-Loop Bilevel Optimization cites this paper.

BROS: Bias-Corrected Randomized Subspaces for Memory-Efficient Single-Loop Bilevel Optimization A Memory Efficient Randomized Subspace Optimization Method for Training Large Language Models

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-13T06:22:23.334369Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.