Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 4 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2503.07878.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-22T23:54:15.135595Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-03T11:52:45.835048Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
43 of 43 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 8b10b9c8-1a33-4c2a-ad5a-56465dcf4cce · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Imagecaptioner2: Image captioner for im- age captioning bias amplification assessment.Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 38(19): 20902–20911
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 5343d59f-0440-4b21-a52d-d56343072e5f · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Artemis: Affective language for visual art
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 866e6986-0fe6-459c-80da-98bab8948317 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Anderson, X
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation c7f9a6c2-1ca8-4c61-9b49-c7f8bb77540a · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation b0f73720-68a1-483f-8163-8228d193dff5 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Man is to computer program- mer as woman is to homemaker? debiasing word embed- dings.Advances in neural information processing systems, 29
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 056870e0-0de0-41d7-ba02-e8b606b04876 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Server
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 4639a58b-eb0c-437f-90dc-b2f2191cf9b4 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Meteor universal: Lan- guage specific translation evaluation for any target language
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 6dd59ed1-d5e8-45ef-a4fa-b82402c6fd2b · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Unresolved cited work
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation ec321d3b-d814-4d1f-ab70-8b27afd95201 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Foulds, Rashidul Islam, Kamrun Naher Keya, and Shimei Pan
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation f403d618-c8b9-4de5-901d-d6c69984c37d · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Women also snowboard: Over- coming bias in captioning models
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 0c47a484-bb71-4c17-886e-222c984b4338 · outbound
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 2248313e-e62b-412e-b945-337ef0566ac8 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Unresolved cited work
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation c0ac520b-360d-40f0-a31c-cbfee758feb6 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Long short-term memory.Neural computation, 9(8):1735–1780
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation fb870dba-c88f-4e32-a336-a97ae37c975c · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Blip: Bootstrapping language-image pre-training for unified vision-language understanding and generation
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation a9767724-31ad-4b73-8d51-902380243870 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Oscar: Object-semantics aligned pre-training for vision-language tasks
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 8bc2d4d3-dbef-4318-956d-c4ada914c02c · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Crank up the volume: preference bias amplification in collaborative recommendation
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 8fa041e6-5d7c-4e9d-a697-de9c1c85273d · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Improved baselines with visual instruction tuning
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 491dc5a9-b587-44e8-94da-f555c5cddb3b · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Visual instruction tuning
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation cb1ea6cd-d7d3-488b-96fe-f2a84143da35 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Bow- man, and Rachel Rudinger
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 2d1ceb4c-4edb-4f02-b855-12fd3bedb216 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Gender ar- tifacts in visual datasets
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation de5116c3-93f2-45af-9b55-56b3640decf1 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Unresolved cited work
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation efa0fdc2-60cc-4ef5-8fae-a1c53b18ecce · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions It is okay to not be okay: Overcoming emotional bias in affective image cap- tioning by contrastive data collection
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 3d3ea723-1124-4cb2-b575-868f061ed143 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions GloVe: Global vectors for word representation
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 8cffc9e7-91d8-4d78-a6a2-624129c77115 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Gender Biases in Automatic Evaluation Metrics for Image Captioning
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation e933971f-772b-4a95-9a54-83747ec2b146 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Self-critical sequence training for image captioning
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 188f1d79-ab1e-440f-9a2f-784daaa710cd · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation afe47c4f-ccb2-47e1-9e0a-aa53f7ef9182 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs): A gentle Introduction and Overview
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 7557c218-865e-4965-ad3b-d3d2b7ea11fe · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Selvaraju, Michael Cogswell, Abhishek Das, Ramakrishna Vedantam, Devi Parikh, and Dhruv Ba- tra
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 3f39600f-b39c-431e-b5b3-199a253aa8fb · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions The bias amplification paradox in text-to-image generation
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation c5ce4a43-4422-4ca0-8ad0-98c8020307b6 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions MPNet: Masked and Permuted Pre-training for Language Understanding
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation dea2da46-c797-4d98-a08d-a1d842b8466b · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions An accurate generation of image captions for blind people using extended convolutional atom neural network.Multimedia Tools and Applications, 82(3):3801–3830
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 87a7561d-8e74-4c85-ad44-267226618472 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Making bias amplification in balanced datasets directional and inter- pretable
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 49a3fb42-d1a9-4c8d-91ac-2edb57bfdfe7 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Attention is all you need
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation af0b3071-8452-488c-9298-d66d95fdb247 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Exploring and mitigating gender bias in glove word embeddings
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation bfe5237d-493f-46a1-9a87-0ce50da39689 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Show and tell: A neural image caption gen- erator
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 6cfe5c35-3e6f-4c3b-9f8e-14716d15712c · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Directional bias am- plification
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 382bb990-2fc8-44fa-9175-497a1beae030 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Minilm: deep self-attention distillation for task-agnostic compression of pre-trained transformers
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 857a17ac-1610-41df-9fc3-4c74e25f8e68 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Florence-2: Advancing a Unified Representation for a Variety of Vision Tasks
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation b347f6a3-8b4d-4664-9a66-31da0fc52b90 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Show, attend and tell: Neural image caption gen- eration with visual attention
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation db08e31d-29fd-4975-a579-a9bb6949759d · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Recognize Anything: A Strong Image Tagging Model
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 61772c9c-e674-4452-8e64-a8af1627e7a6 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions Men also do laundry: Multi-attribute bias amplification
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 970ea916-5e47-4bee-9792-de846a9ddea2 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions a<gender>is sleeping
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 3bc60436-1350-4d1b-bbc6-b6a9d1ecccf1 · outbound
A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions We reported DBACA→T scores on the four pre-trained en- coders in Table 12a
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-04T06:34:03.388597+00:00.
Observation 228185fa-544b-4192-a9f8-5d079bf7848b · inbound
Prototypicality Bias Reveals Blindspots in Multimodal Evaluation Metrics A Woman with a Knife or A Knife with a Woman? Measuring Directional Bias Amplification in Image Captions
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.