Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 minor 46 references

Elongated bubble centring and high-viscosity liquids in horizontal gas-liquid slug flow: Empirical analyses and novel theory

T0 review · 0 major / 3 minor · reviewed 2026-05-23 · grok-4.3

Challenge this review Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read Liquid viscosity controls elongated bubble centring in horizontal slug flow.

desk verdict The paper shows centring of elongated bubbles in horizontal slug flow increases with liquid viscosity and can reach full symmetry at low inertia in high-viscosity cases. read the letter →

arxiv 2503.08329 v2 submitted 2025-03-11 physics.flu-dyn

Sean J. Perkins This is my paper
classification physics.flu-dyn
keywords elongatedbubblecentringhigh-viscosityliquidshorizontalslugflowgas-liquidviscositycorrelationpatterntransitiondynamics
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper examines elongated bubble centring, a counter-buoyant effect in horizontal gas-liquid slug flow, and links it to liquid viscosity. Photographic data from high-viscosity liquids (1 to 1960 mPa-s) in pipes 20 to 50.8 mm across show centring increasing in proportion to viscosity, measured at bubble nose, body, and tail over wide flow rates. Full and nearly symmetric centring occurs even at low inertial supply, unlike water cases. Four hypotheses address the mechanism, including film laminarity, boundary layer differentiation of film flow, wedge theory for partial centring, and a transition framework with centring plus coalescence; one hypothesis is checked with a calibrated case.

What carries the argument

Elongated bubble centring, the counter-buoyant positioning of gas bubbles along the pipe axis in horizontal flow, whose degree scales with liquid viscosity via photographic measurements and supports new flow-transition hypotheses.

What would settle it

New measurements in high-viscosity liquids showing centring degree independent of viscosity or full centring only at high inertia would contradict the proportionality and low-inertia claims.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

Elongated bubble centring increases generally in proportion to liquid viscosity in horizontal slug flow. This holds for a wide range of operational rates as shown by measurements at the bubble nose, body, and tail. Full and nearly-symmetric centring can occur in high-viscosity liquid flows, including at relatively low inertial supply, which contradicts observations in water-based systems. The paper formulates four hypotheses on the mechanistic nature: film region laminarity as a modulator, boundary layer theory to differentiate an outer-layer relative-motion-dominated film flow, wedge theory as a plausible alternative for partial centring, and a novel framework for the slug-annular flow with

Load-bearing premise

The photographic data from the three experimental sets capture the centring positions without bias from setup, image processing, or condition selection.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Centring degree scales proportionally with viscosity across the tested pipe diameters and flow rates.
  • Full centring is possible at low inertial supply in high-viscosity liquids.
  • Boundary layer theory identifies a dynamical environment where centring can initiate via outer-layer film motion.
  • Slug-annular transition occurs through the two sequential mechanisms of centring then coalescence.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Pipeline design for viscous liquids may need revised buoyancy corrections because centring reduces effective gravity-driven effects.
  • Varying film Reynolds number in targeted tests could isolate whether laminarity modulates centring as hypothesized.
  • The wedge theory for partial centring may link to symmetry-breaking in other multiphase or stratified flows.
  • The transition framework could be checked against existing flow-pattern maps to refine slug-annular boundaries.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

0 major / 3 minor

Summary. The paper empirically analyzes elongated bubble centring in horizontal gas-liquid slug flow using high-viscosity liquids from three photographic data sets (μ_L ∈ [1,960] mPa·s, D ∈ [20,50.8] mm). It reports that centring degree increases proportionally with viscosity at bubble nose, body and tail locations across a wide range of rates, that full/nearly-symmetric centring occurs at low inertia (contrary to water-based cases), and that four mechanistic hypotheses (film laminarity, boundary-layer differentiation, wedge theory, and a two-mechanism slug-annular transition framework) are formulated, with the boundary-layer hypothesis tested in a calibrated HVL case.

Significance. If the empirical proportionality and full-centring observations hold, the work supplies useful data on viscosity-driven phenomena in slug flow that are relevant to viscous multiphase transport. The qualitative hypotheses provide a plausible organizing framework for centring and transition mechanisms, though they remain unproven.

minor comments (3)
  1. Abstract: the claim of measurements 'at bubble nose, body and tail' would be strengthened by stating the number of conditions or images per location and any quantitative centring metric (e.g., eccentricity or offset distance).
  2. Theory section: the boundary-layer calculation for the calibrated HVL case should explicitly state which quantities are predicted versus adjusted via the calibration parameters listed in the axiom ledger.
  3. The four hypotheses are introduced as 'qualitative advancements' but their relation to the cited 'recent modelling efforts' is not detailed; a short comparison table or explicit contrasts would improve clarity.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful reading and positive assessment of our manuscript on elongated bubble centring in high-viscosity liquids. The recommendation for minor revision is noted; we will incorporate any editorial or minor clarifications in the revised version.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity identified

full rationale

The paper's central claims rest on empirical measurements extracted from three photographic data sets (μ_L range [1,960] mPa·s, D range [20,50.8] mm), establishing a general proportionality between centring degree and liquid viscosity at nose/body/tail locations, plus qualitative formulation of four mechanistic hypotheses. The boundary-layer investigation uses a single calibrated HVL case but presents no equations or predictions that reduce by construction to the calibration inputs themselves. No self-definitional steps, fitted-input-as-prediction reductions, or load-bearing self-citation chains are exhibited in the abstract or described structure. The derivation chain is therefore self-contained against the external photographic data.

Assumptions & free parameters 1 free parameters · 1 assumptions · 0 invented entities

Based solely on abstract; limited visibility into what is postulated versus derived from data. The calibrated case implies some fitting but specifics unavailable.

free parameters (1)
  • calibration parameters for HVL slug flow case
    Paper references a calibrated case of HVL slug flow to investigate boundary layer theory, implying parameters adjusted to match observations.
assumptions (1)
  • domain assumption Photographic measurements at nose, body and tail accurately quantify the degree of centring without systematic bias
    Central to extracting the proportionality to viscosity from the three data sets.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Elongated bubble centring and high-viscosity liquids in horizontal gas-liquid slug flow: Empirical analyses and novel theory." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/2503.08329

@misc{pith2026250308329,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Elongated bubble centring and high-viscosity liquids in horizontal gas-liquid slug flow: Empirical analyses and novel theory},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/2503.08329}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2503.08329}
}
abstract

Elongated bubble centring$\unicode{x2013}$an obscure counter-buoyant phenomenon encountered in horizontal gas-liquid slug flow$\unicode{x2013}$is correlated with liquid viscosity and their connection is theorized. Extracting from three sets of high-viscosity liquid (HVL) photographic data with $\mu_{\scriptscriptstyle L}$$\in$[1,960]mPa-s and $D$$\in$[20,50.8]mm, the degree of incurred centring is found to increase, generally, in proportion to $\mu_{\scriptscriptstyle L}$ for a wide range of operational rates as evidenced through measurements at bubble nose, body and tail. It is demonstrated that full and nearly-symmetric centring can occur in HVL-containing flows$\unicode{x2013}$the former at relatively low inertial supply in contradiction to water-based dynamics. Qualitative advancements regarding the mechanistic nature of bubble centring and its plausible function within flow pattern transition theory are presented. Elaborating on recent modelling efforts, four distinct hypotheses are formulated: 1) film region laminarity as a modulator for centring; 2) boundary layer theory in slug flow to differentiate an outer-layer, relative motion-dominated film flow necessary for the initiation of centring; 3) wedge theory$\unicode{x2013}$a plausible alternative mechanism for partial-centring; and 4) a novel framework for the slug-annular transition composed of two unique mechanisms$\unicode{x2013}$centring and coalescence. The postulated boundary layer theory is investigated using a calibrated case of HVL slug flow and a dynamical environment conducive to centring mechanism proliferation is calculated.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2503.08329 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Predictive capability of the Taitel and Dukler (1976) (TD76) flow pattern transition model applied to HVL data from Matsubara and Naito (2011) and Zhao et al. (2013). %-values represent portion of total flow pattern points correctly determined. an obscure flow event known as elongated bubble centring will prove itself an invaluable keystone in the course of this transformation. Bubble centring is a counterintuitive … view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Simplistic depiction of a centred elongated bubble (nose region) in horizontal [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Bubble centring metrics a) in the body λB = P i λBi/3 and b) at the tail λT . No-centring: null or negligible λ ◦ 1D Partial-centring: non-negligible λ ◦ 1D and null or negligible λ ◦ T Full-centring: non-negligible λ ◦ 1D, λ ◦ B and λ ◦ T Perfect-centring: non-negligible λ ◦ 1D, λ ◦ B and λ ◦ T with equivalent spacing beneath the bubble—radial symmetry8 The downstream delimiter is selected to be λ ◦ 1D, rather than… view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (21 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Elongated bubble nose region images from [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_4.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Raw, unaltered images of elongated bubbles from [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_5.png]
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Hypothetical depiction of optical phenomenon observed in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_6.png]
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Elongated bubble photos from Kim et al. (2020) (K20 dataset) spliced together to form coherent illustrations. Middle dividers and thus total bubble length are not to-scale; left and right dividers are approximately scaled. Case Ω.1: µL = 510mPa s. Case Ω.2: µL = 680mPa…
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Bubble centring data extracted from Naidek et al. (2023) (N23 dataset): Normalized λ1D (%) as a function of µL for fixed values of Fr . generalized proclivity with a superimposed essence of enhanced variability. To understand this important feature, the undulating natu…
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Bubble centring data extracted from Naidek et al. (2023) (N23 dataset): Normalized λ2D (%) as a function of µL for fixed values of Fr . owing to this concept, µL-λK curves are expected to flatten somewhat—while maintaining positive proportionality—as centring metric lo…
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Bubble centring data extracted from Naidek et al. (2023) (N23 dataset): Normalized λN (%) as a function of µL for fixed values of Fr . images solely using (Fr , µL) labels.15 As alluded to earlier, λT -values measured from N23 photos are relatively small, exclusively …
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Long bubble centring data extracted from [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_11.png]
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Long bubble centring data extracted from [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p026_12.png]
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: Correlative modelling results for Naidek et al. (2023) (N23) bubble centring data (values given in %): λ ◦ K = λK/D vs x = FrµL/µG for a) λ ◦ 1D, b) λ ◦ 2D, and c) λ ◦ N . Solid lines: modelling predictions; discrete points: extracted experimental measurements. be inv…
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: Predicted versus observed values of all λ ◦ 1D, λ ◦ 2D and λ ◦ N bubble centring measurements from Naidek et al. (2023) (N23) dataset overlaid with 0%, ±20% and ±30% error lines. at 46.7% and 63.3%; and λ ◦ N at 73.3% and 86.7%, respectively. Considering that long bub…
Figure 15
Figure 15. Figure 15: Illustration of a novel hypothesis for partial-centring in horizontal slug flow: film [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p036_15.png]
Figure 16
Figure 16. Figure 16: Boundary layer (BL) theory for horizontal gas-liquid slug flow. Depicted are two [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p041_16.png]
Figure 17
Figure 17. Figure 17: Cross-sectional evolution of hypothetical film region boundary layer at four [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p043_17.png]
Figure 18
Figure 18. Figure 18: Theoretical depiction of slug flow boundary layer development in time and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p044_18.png]
Figure 19
Figure 19. Figure 19: Slug flow boundary layer theory applied to HVL case from [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p049_19.png]
Figure 20
Figure 20. Figure 20: Depiction of the wedge theory for partial-centring, comprised of three [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p050_20.png]
Figure 21
Figure 21. Figure 21: HVL flow pattern data from Gokcal et al. (2008) (G08) overlaid with predictions from the Barnea (1987) (B87) mechanistic transition model. Above legend corresponds to experimental points; directly labelled regions correspond to model predictions. SL=slug; EB=elongated…
Figure 22
Figure 22. Figure 22: HVL flow pattern data from Gokcal et al. (2008) (G08) overlaid with predictions from the Zhang et al. (2003) (Z03) mechanistic transition model and its modified form (Z03M) from G08. Dashed lines represent Z03; solid lines represent Z03M. Above legend corresponds to e…
Figure 23
Figure 23. Figure 23: Percentage of total experimental slug (SL) and annular (AN) flow-points from [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p055_23.png]
Figure 24
Figure 24. Figure 24: Illustration of novel mechanistic framework for the slug-annular transition, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p056_24.png]

Discussion (0). Sign in to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

46 extracted references · 46 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    A study of flow-pattern transitions in high-viscosity oil-and-gas two-phase flow in horizontal pipes

    Al-Safran, E.M., Al-Qenae, K., 2018. A study of flow-pattern transitions in high-viscosity oil-and-gas two-phase flow in horizontal pipes. SPE Prod. Oper. 33, 269–280

    work page 2018

  2. [2]

    Investigation and prediction of high-viscosity liquid effect on two-phase slug length in horizontal pipelines

    Al-Safran, E.M., Gokcal, B., Sarica, C., 2013. Investigation and prediction of high-viscosity liquid effect on two-phase slug length in horizontal pipelines. SPE Prod. Oper. 28, 296–305

    work page 2013

  3. [3]

    Prediction of slug liquid holdup in high viscosity liquid and gas two-phase flow in horizontal pipes

    Al-Safran, E.M., Kora, C., Sarica, C., 2015. Prediction of slug liquid holdup in high viscosity liquid and gas two-phase flow in horizontal pipes. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 133, 566–575

    work page 2015

  4. [4]

    Simultaneous flow of oil and gas

    Baker, O., 1954. Simultaneous flow of oil and gas. Oil Gas J. 53, 185–195

    work page 1954

  5. [5]

    Transition from annular flow and from dispersed bubble flow—unified models for the whole range of pipe inclinations

    Barnea, D., 1986. Transition from annular flow and from dispersed bubble flow—unified models for the whole range of pipe inclinations. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 12, 733–744

    work page 1986

  6. [6]

    A unified model for predicting flow-pattern transitions for the whole range of pipe inclinations

    Barnea, D., 1987. A unified model for predicting flow-pattern transitions for the whole range of pipe inclinations. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 13, 1–12

    work page 1987

  7. [7]

    Holdup of the liquid slug in two phase intermittent flow

    Barnea, D., Brauner, N., 1985. Holdup of the liquid slug in two phase intermittent flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 11, 43–49

    work page 1985

  8. [8]

    Belt, R.J., Leinan, P.R., 2015. Measurement of mean velocity profiles in the slug and liquid film of gas-liquid slug flow, in: 17th International Conference on Multiphase Production Technology, BHR Group, Cannes, France. pp. 233–251

    work page 2015

Show all 46 references
  1. [9]

    An experimental investigation of the motion of long bubbles in inclined tubes

    Bendiksen, K.H., 1984. An experimental investigation of the motion of long bubbles in inclined tubes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 10, 467–483. 66

    1984

  2. [10]

    Gravity currents and related phenomena

    Benjamin, T.B., 1968. Gravity currents and related phenomena. J. Fluid Mech. 31, 209–248

    1968

  3. [11]

    Grenzschichten in fl¨ ussigkeiten mit kleiner reibung [The boundary layers in fluids with little friction]

    Blasius, H., 1908. Grenzschichten in fl¨ ussigkeiten mit kleiner reibung [The boundary layers in fluids with little friction]. ZAMPDB 56, 1–37

    1908

  4. [12]

    Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB for Engineers and Scientists

    Chapra, S.C., 2012. Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB for Engineers and Scientists. 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, USA

    2012

  5. [13]

    Two-Phase Slug Flow Experiments with Viscous Liquids

    Diaz, M.J.C., 2016. Two-Phase Slug Flow Experiments with Viscous Liquids. PhD thesis. Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Trondheim, Norway. Available at https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/handle/ 11250/2390031

    2016

  6. [14]

    Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes for Heavy Oil Reservoirs

    Dong, X., Liu, H., Chen, Z., 2021. Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes for Heavy Oil Reservoirs. 1st ed., Elsevier

    2021

  7. [15]

    A model for gas-liquid flow in horizontal and near horizontal tubes

    Dukler, A.E., Hubbard, M.G., 1975. A model for gas-liquid flow in horizontal and near horizontal tubes. Ind. Eng. Chem. 14, 337–347

    1975

  8. [16]

    Effects of high oil viscosity on drift velocity for horizontal and upward inclined pipes

    Gokcal, B., Al-Sarkhi, A.S., Sarica, C., 2009. Effects of high oil viscosity on drift velocity for horizontal and upward inclined pipes. SPE Proj., Facil., Constr. 4, 32–40

    2009

  9. [17]

    Effects of high oil viscosity on oil/gas flow behavior in horizontal pipes

    Gokcal, B., Wang, Q., Zhang, H.Q., Sarica, C., 2008. Effects of high oil viscosity on oil/gas flow behavior in horizontal pipes. SPE Proj., Facil., Constr. 3, 1–11

    2008

  10. [18]

    Pipelines: Emerging Technologies and Design Criteria

    Islam, M.R., 2023. Pipelines: Emerging Technologies and Design Criteria. 1st ed., Gulf Professional Publishing, Cambridge, USA

    2023

  11. [19]

    Studies of the slug-annular regime transition in two-phase flow in horizontal pipes

    Jamari, S., Hale, C.P., Hewitt, G.F., Richardson, S.M., 2008. Studies of the slug-annular regime transition in two-phase flow in horizontal pipes. Multiphas. Sci. Tech. 20, 1–24

    2008

  12. [20]

    Drift-velocity closure relationships for slug two-phase high-viscosity oil flow in pipes

    Jeyachandra, B.C., Gokcal, B., Al-Sarkhi, A., Sarica, C., Sharma, A.K., 2012. Drift-velocity closure relationships for slug two-phase high-viscosity oil flow in pipes. SPE J. 17, 593–601

    2012

  13. [21]

    Slug flow characteristics of air-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal pipes over a wide range of liquid viscosities

    Kim, H.G., Kim, S.M., 2023. Slug flow characteristics of air-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal pipes over a wide range of liquid viscosities. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 208, 1–15. 67

    2023

  14. [22]

    Experimental study using advanced diagnostics to investigate slug aeration and bubble behavior in high liquid viscosity horizontal slug flow

    Kim, T.W., Al-Safran, E., Pereyra, E., Sarica, C., 2020. Experimental study using advanced diagnostics to investigate slug aeration and bubble behavior in high liquid viscosity horizontal slug flow. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 191, 1–18

    2020

  15. [23]

    Effects of high oil viscosity on slug liquid holdup in horizontal pipes, in: Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), Calgary, Canada

    Kora, C., Sarica, C., Zhang, H.Q., Al-Sarkhi, A., Al-Safran, E., 2011. Effects of high oil viscosity on slug liquid holdup in horizontal pipes, in: Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference, Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), Calgary, Canada. pp. 1–15

    2011

  16. [24]

    Proposed correlation data for isothermal two-phase, two-component flow in pipes

    Lockhart, R.W., Martinelli, R.C., 1949. Proposed correlation data for isothermal two-phase, two-component flow in pipes. Chem. Eng. Prog. 45, 39–48

    1949

  17. [25]

    A flow pattern map for gas-liquid flow in horizontal pipes

    Mandhane, J.M., Gregory, G.A., Aziz, K., 1974. A flow pattern map for gas-liquid flow in horizontal pipes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1, 537–553

    1974

  18. [26]

    Effect of liquid viscosity on flow patterns of gas-liquid two-phase flow in a horizontal pipe

    Matsubara, H., Naito, K., 2011. Effect of liquid viscosity on flow patterns of gas-liquid two-phase flow in a horizontal pipe. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 37, 1277–1281

    2011

  19. [27]

    The Properties of Petroleum Fluids

    McCain, W.D., 1990. The Properties of Petroleum Fluids. 2nd ed., PennWell

    1990

  20. [28]

    Experimental study of influence of liquid viscosity in horizontal slug flow

    Naidek, B.P., Conte, M.G., Cozin, C., dos Santos, E.N., Rodrigues, H.T., da Fonseca Jr., R., da Silva, M.J., Morales, R.E.M., 2023. Experimental study of influence of liquid viscosity in horizontal slug flow. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 141, 1–11

    2023

  21. [29]

    Two-phase flow in vertical tubes

    Nicklin, D.J., Wilkes, J.O., Davidson, J.F., 1962. Two-phase flow in vertical tubes. Trans. Instn. Chem. Engrs. 40, 61–67. de Oliveira, W.R., de Paula, I.B., Martins, F.J.W.A., Farias, P.S.C., Azevedo, L.F.A., 2015. Bubble characterization in horizontal air-water intermittent ...

    1962

  22. [30]

    Elongated bubble centring in horizontal gas- liquid slug flow

    Perkins, S.J., Li, H.A., 2020. Elongated bubble centring in horizontal gas- liquid slug flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 123, 1–20

    2020

  23. [31]

    Turbulent Flows

    Pope, S.B., 2000. Turbulent Flows. 1st ed., Cambridge University Press

    2000

  24. [32]

    Boundary-Layer Theory

    Schlichting, H., Gersten, K., 2000. Boundary-Layer Theory. 8th ed., Springer,

    2000

  25. [33]

    An experimental study on air-oil flow patterns in horizontal pipes using two synthetic oils

    Shin, H.C., Kim, S.H., Shah, Y., Kim, S.M., 2024. An experimental study on air-oil flow patterns in horizontal pipes using two synthetic oils. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 226, 1–19

    2024

  26. [34]

    Steady-state multiphase flow—past, present, and future, with a perspective on flow assurance

    Shippen, M., Bailey, W.J., 2012. Steady-state multiphase flow—past, present, and future, with a perspective on flow assurance. Energy Fuels 26, 4145– 4157

    2012

  27. [35]

    Mechanistic Modeling of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Pipes

    Shoham, O., 2006. Mechanistic Modeling of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Pipes. Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)

    2006

  28. [36]

    Two-phase slug flow

    Taitel, Y., Barnea, D., 1990. Two-phase slug flow. Adv. Heat Transf. 20, 83–132

    1990

  29. [37]

    A model for slug frequency during gas-liquid flow in horizontal and near horizontal pipes

    Taitel, Y., Dukler, A., 1977. A model for slug frequency during gas-liquid flow in horizontal and near horizontal pipes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 3, 585–596

    1977

  30. [38]

    A model for predicting flow regime transitions in horizontal and near horizontal gas-liquid flow

    Taitel, Y., Dukler, A.E., 1976. A model for predicting flow regime transitions in horizontal and near horizontal gas-liquid flow. AlChE J. 22, 47–55

    1976

  31. [39]

    Transient gas-liquid flow in horizontal pipes: Modeling the flow pattern transitions

    Taitel, Y., Lee, N., Dukler, A.E., 1978. Transient gas-liquid flow in horizontal pipes: Modeling the flow pattern transitions. AlChE J. 24, 920–934

    1978

  32. [40]

    Interfacial shear stress in wavy stratified gas–liquid flow in horizontal pipes

    Tzotzi, C., Andritsos, N., 2013. Interfacial shear stress in wavy stratified gas–liquid flow in horizontal pipes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 54, 43–54

    2013

  33. [41]

    The development of image processing technique to study the interfacial behaviour of air-water slug two-phase flow in horizontal pipes

    Widyatama, A., Dinaryanto, O., Indarto, Deendarlianto, 2018. The development of image processing technique to study the interfacial behaviour of air-water slug two-phase flow in horizontal pipes. Flow Meas. Instrum. 59, 168–180

    2018

  34. [42]

    Review of high-viscosity oil multiphase pipe flow

    Zhang, H.Q., Sarica, C., Pereyra, E., 2012. Review of high-viscosity oil multiphase pipe flow. Energy Fuels 26, 3979–3985

    2012

  35. [43]

    Unified model for gas-liquid pipe flow via slug dynamics—part 1: Model development

    Zhang, H.Q., Wang, Q., Sarica, C., Brill, J.P., 2003. Unified model for gas-liquid pipe flow via slug dynamics—part 1: Model development. J. Energy Resour. Technol. 125, 266–273

    2003

  36. [44]

    Investigation and prediction of slug flow characteristics in highly viscous liquid and gas flows in horizontal pipes

    Zhao, Y., Lao, L., Yeung, H., 2015. Investigation and prediction of slug flow characteristics in highly viscous liquid and gas flows in horizontal pipes. Chem. Eng. Sci. 102, 124–137. 69

    2015

  37. [45]

    High viscosity effects on characteristics of oil and gas two-phase flow in horizontal pipes

    Zhao, Y., Yeung, H., Zorgani, E.E., Archibong, A.E., Lao, L., 2013. High viscosity effects on characteristics of oil and gas two-phase flow in horizontal pipes. Chem. Eng. Sci. 95, 343–352. Permissions Figure 4: Reprinted from Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 141,

    2013

  38. [46]

    P., Conte, M

    Naidek, B. P., Conte, M. G., Cozin, C., dos Santos, E. N., Rodrigues, H. T., da Fonseca Jr., R., da Silva, M. J. and Morales, R. E. M., Experimental study of influence of liquid viscosity in horizontal slug flow , pp. 1-11, copyright 2023, with permission from Elsevier. Figure...

    2023

Pith tools

Reviewed May 23, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.