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arxiv: 2504.03324 · v3 · submitted 2025-04-04 · ❄️ cond-mat.str-el

Doublon-Holon Pairing State in Photodoped Mott Insulators

Ryota Ueda , Madhumita Sarkar , Zala Lenar\v{c}i\v{c} , Denis Gole\v{z} , Kazuhiko Kuroki , Tatsuya Kaneko This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-22 21:44 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.str-el
keywords doublon-holon pairingphotodoped Mott insulatorsMott exciton condensationd-wave symmetrydensity matrix renormalization groupeta-pairingladder geometries
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0 comments X

The pith

Photodoped Mott insulators host a doublon-holon pairing state with d-wave-like correlations.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper establishes that photodoping Mott insulators produces an unconventional paired phase marked by quasi-long-range doublon-holon correlations. These correlations show d-wave-like symmetry and appear in ladder and quasi-two-dimensional geometries. The state sits between spin-singlet, charge-density-wave, and eta-pairing phases according to density-matrix renormalization group calculations. A reader would care because the result indicates that light-driven charge excitations can generate ordered states whose symmetry echoes that of chemically doped superconductors. The work maps how charge, spin, and eta-spin degrees of freedom together stabilize this phase.

Core claim

We demonstrate the existence of an unconventional pairing state in photodoped Mott insulators on ladder and quasi-two-dimensional geometries, characterized by quasi-long-range doublon-holon correlations that signal Mott exciton condensation. The doublon-holon pairing exhibits correlations of d-wave-like symmetry, reminiscent of superconducting pairing in chemically doped Mott insulators. By constructing the phase diagram using density matrix renormalization group, we reveal that the doublon-holon pairing state in the photodoped ladder emerges between the spin-singlet, charge-density-wave, and η-pairing phases.

What carries the argument

Quasi-long-range doublon-holon correlations with d-wave-like symmetry, extracted from DMRG on finite ladders and quasi-2D clusters.

If this is right

  • The doublon-holon pairing state occupies a region of the phase diagram between the spin-singlet, charge-density-wave, and η-pairing phases.
  • The pairing correlations display d-wave-like symmetry on the ladder geometry.
  • The interplay among charge, spin, and η-spin degrees of freedom stabilizes the exotic state.
  • The symmetry of the photodoped pairing is reminiscent of pairing found in chemically doped Mott insulators.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the phase survives in the thermodynamic limit, photodoping could provide a tunable route to ordered states without introducing chemical disorder.
  • The reported d-wave symmetry suggests that pump-probe measurements of pair correlations might be compared directly with those in doped cuprates.
  • Extension of the DMRG phase diagram to wider cylinders would test whether the pairing window remains open in two dimensions.

Load-bearing premise

Finite-size DMRG calculations on ladders accurately reflect the presence of true quasi-long-range doublon-holon order and the correct phase boundaries in the thermodynamic limit.

What would settle it

A calculation on wider ladders or true two-dimensional systems in which doublon-holon correlations decay exponentially with distance rather than following a power law would falsify the claim of quasi-long-range order.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2504.03324 by Denis Gole\v{z}, Kazuhiko Kuroki, Madhumita Sarkar, Ryota Ueda, Tatsuya Kaneko, Zala Lenar\v{c}i\v{c}.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. (a) Phase diagram of the photodoped ladder-type [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p001_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. (a) Log-log plot and (b) linear scale plot of the corre [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. (a) Linear scale plot and (b) log-log plot of the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We demonstrate the existence of an unconventional pairing state in photodoped Mott insulators on ladder and quasi-two-dimensional geometries, characterized by quasi-long-range doublon-holon correlations that signal Mott exciton condensation. The doublon-holon pairing exhibits correlations of $d$-wave-like symmetry, reminiscent of superconducting pairing in chemically doped Mott insulators. By constructing the phase diagram, using density matrix renormalization group, we reveal that the doublon-holon pairing state in the photodoped ladder emerges between the spin-singlet, charge-density-wave, and $\eta$-pairing phases. Our study suggests that the interplay of charge, spin, and $\eta$-spin degrees of freedom can give rise to exotic quantum many-body states in photodoped Mott insulators.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

3 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript uses DMRG to study photodoped Mott insulators on ladder and quasi-2D geometries. It claims the existence of an unconventional doublon-holon pairing state with quasi-long-range correlations of d-wave-like symmetry that signals Mott exciton condensation. The phase diagram constructed from these calculations places the pairing state between spin-singlet, charge-density-wave, and η-pairing phases.

Significance. If the numerical evidence for quasi-long-range doublon-holon order is robust, the result would identify a new nonequilibrium pairing channel in photodoped Mott systems that is distinct from both chemical doping and conventional η-pairing, with potential implications for light-induced superconductivity.

major comments (3)
  1. [§4 (results on correlation functions)] The central claim of quasi-long-range doublon-holon order (abstract and §4) rests on DMRG correlation functions, yet the manuscript provides no explicit finite-size scaling of the doublon-holon correlator with ladder length L, no extracted decay exponents, and no comparison of algebraic versus exponential fits. Without this analysis the distinction between true quasi-long-range order and slow exponential decay (or finite-size artifact) cannot be assessed.
  2. [§5 (phase diagram)] Phase boundaries between the doublon-holon pairing state, spin-singlet, CDW, and η-pairing phases (abstract and Fig. 5 or equivalent) are extracted from finite ladders; the manuscript does not report how these boundaries are extrapolated to the thermodynamic limit or the sensitivity to bond dimension and truncation error. This directly affects the reported topology of the phase diagram.
  3. [§4.2 (pairing symmetry)] The d-wave-like symmetry of the doublon-holon pairing (abstract) is asserted from the sign structure of the correlations, but the manuscript does not show the full momentum-space structure factor or compare it quantitatively to the symmetry of the underlying lattice model. This leaves the symmetry assignment under-supported relative to the central claim.
minor comments (2)
  1. [§2 (model and methods)] Notation for the photodoping parameter and the definition of the doublon-holon operator should be stated explicitly in the methods section rather than only in the abstract.
  2. [Figure captions] Figure captions for the correlation plots should include the system sizes, bond dimensions, and truncation thresholds used for each data set.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their thorough review and constructive comments on our manuscript. We address each major comment point by point below and will revise the manuscript accordingly to strengthen the presentation of our results.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [§4 (results on correlation functions)] The central claim of quasi-long-range doublon-holon order (abstract and §4) rests on DMRG correlation functions, yet the manuscript provides no explicit finite-size scaling of the doublon-holon correlator with ladder length L, no extracted decay exponents, and no comparison of algebraic versus exponential fits. Without this analysis the distinction between true quasi-long-range order and slow exponential decay (or finite-size artifact) cannot be assessed.

    Authors: We agree that quantitative finite-size scaling is necessary to robustly establish quasi-long-range order. In the revised manuscript we will add explicit scaling plots of the doublon-holon correlator versus ladder length L, report the extracted decay exponents, and include direct comparisons of power-law versus exponential fits to the data. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [§5 (phase diagram)] Phase boundaries between the doublon-holon pairing state, spin-singlet, CDW, and η-pairing phases (abstract and Fig. 5 or equivalent) are extracted from finite ladders; the manuscript does not report how these boundaries are extrapolated to the thermodynamic limit or the sensitivity to bond dimension and truncation error. This directly affects the reported topology of the phase diagram.

    Authors: We acknowledge the importance of documenting convergence and extrapolation. The revised version will include a discussion of bond-dimension convergence, truncation-error estimates, and any available extrapolations of the phase boundaries to the thermodynamic limit based on the ladder data. revision: yes

  3. Referee: [§4.2 (pairing symmetry)] The d-wave-like symmetry of the doublon-holon pairing (abstract) is asserted from the sign structure of the correlations, but the manuscript does not show the full momentum-space structure factor or compare it quantitatively to the symmetry of the underlying lattice model. This leaves the symmetry assignment under-supported relative to the central claim.

    Authors: The real-space sign structure provides the primary evidence for d-wave character. To strengthen this assignment we will add the momentum-space structure factor of the doublon-holon correlations together with a quantitative comparison to the expected d-wave form factor on the underlying lattice. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: standard numerical DMRG study with independent computational evidence

full rationale

The paper reports DMRG computations of doublon-holon correlation functions on ladders and quasi-2D geometries to identify pairing phases and construct a phase diagram. No analytical derivation chain exists that reduces a claimed result to its own inputs by definition, no fitted parameters are relabeled as predictions, and no load-bearing self-citations or uniqueness theorems are invoked. The results are obtained directly from the numerical method applied to the model Hamiltonian, making the evidence self-contained and externally falsifiable via larger-scale simulations or other methods.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract-only review provides no explicit free parameters or invented entities; main unstated assumption is the reliability of DMRG for identifying the new phase.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption DMRG on finite ladders accurately identifies quasi-long-range order and phase boundaries for photodoped systems
    Phase diagram constructed using DMRG as stated in abstract.

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discussion (0)

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