Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 62 of 62 outbound references and 4 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2504.12459.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2504.12459 v1

Coverage vector

measured 62 of 62 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T12:37:36.423808Z

measured 66 of 66 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 4 of 4 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T04:52:44.489356Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-18T11:06:17.562742Z

Reference resolution

62 of 62 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 9be8aa00-ec8e-4c84-a732-a1276b6a6208 · outbound

This paper cites To code or not to code? exploring impact of code in pre-training.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models To code or not to code? exploring impact of code in pre-training

Reference 1

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Observation 02a38762-7b87-431e-b172-30f41c838d6e · outbound

This paper cites Hacking smart machines with smarter ones: How to extract meaningful data from machine learning classifiers.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Hacking smart machines with smarter ones: How to extract meaningful data from machine learning classifiers

Reference 2

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Observation 724aa831-5196-4c4f-aeb0-9e158903b4bb · outbound

This paper cites Interpreting Neural Networks through the Polytope Lens.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Interpreting Neural Networks through the Polytope Lens

Reference 3

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This paper cites Membership inference attacks from first principles.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Membership inference attacks from first principles

Reference 4

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Observation 690dd01c-c5c6-44ff-bf86-1a0bb0f9daa4 · outbound

This paper cites Quantifying memorization across neural language models.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Quantifying memorization across neural language models

Reference 5

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This paper cites How do large language models acquire factual knowledge during pretraining? In The Thirty-eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, 2024.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models How do large language models acquire factual knowledge during pretraining? In The Thirty-eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, 2024

Reference 6

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Observation 82581bb6-349b-49d6-9b5a-b1a531e61b08 · outbound

This paper cites Identifying Linear Relational Concepts in Large Language Models.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Identifying Linear Relational Concepts in Large Language Models

Reference 7

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This paper cites Recurrent neural networks learn to store and generate sequences using non-linear representations.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Recurrent neural networks learn to store and generate sequences using non-linear representations

Reference 8

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Observation 296226ad-19b5-4b10-944c-4f34e5d2946c · outbound

This paper cites Amnesic Probing: Behavioral Explanation with Amnesic Counterfactuals.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Amnesic Probing: Behavioral Explanation with Amnesic Counterfactuals

Reference 9

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This paper cites Measuring Causal Effects of Data Statistics on Language Model's `Factual' Predictions.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Measuring Causal Effects of Data Statistics on Language Model's `Factual' Predictions

Reference 10

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This paper cites Smith, and Jesse Dodge.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Smith, and Jesse Dodge

Reference 11

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This paper cites A mathematical framework for transformer circuits.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models A mathematical framework for transformer circuits

Reference 12

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This paper cites T - RE x: A large scale alignment of natural language with knowledge base triples.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models T - RE x: A large scale alignment of natural language with knowledge base triples

Reference 13

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This paper cites Towards Understanding Linear Word Analogies.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Towards Understanding Linear Word Analogies

Reference 14

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This paper cites The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling

Reference 15

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This paper cites Scaling and evaluating sparse autoencoders.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Scaling and evaluating sparse autoencoders

Reference 16

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This paper cites What can transformers learn in-context? a case study of simple function classes.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models What can transformers learn in-context? a case study of simple function classes

Reference 17

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Observation 8011d74e-f40c-4da3-a142-ecbac4602b57 · outbound

This paper cites Analogy-based detection of morphological and semantic relations with word embeddings: what works and what doesn`t.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Analogy-based detection of morphological and semantic relations with word embeddings: what works and what doesn`t

Reference 18

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Observation 0f6d728a-31b0-4b19-b183-0614e70e8c81 · outbound

This paper cites OLM o: Accelerating the science of language models.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models OLM o: Accelerating the science of language models

Reference 19

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

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This paper cites In- Context Learning Creates Task Vectors.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models In- Context Learning Creates Task Vectors

Reference 21

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Linearity of relation decoding in transformer language models

Reference 22

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Sparse autoencoders find highly interpretable features in language models

Reference 23

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models On the origins of linear representations in large language models

Reference 24

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Multilingual reliability and semantic structure of continuous word spaces

Reference 26

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This paper cites A pretrainer`s guide to training data: Measuring the effects of data age, domain coverage, quality, & toxicity.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models A pretrainer`s guide to training data: Measuring the effects of data age, domain coverage, quality, & toxicity

Reference 27

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models At which training stage does code data help LLM s reasoning? In The Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations, 2024

Reference 28

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models When not to trust language models: Investigating effectiveness of parametric and non-parametric memories

Reference 29

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Embers of autoregression show how large language models are shaped by the problem they are trained to solve

Reference 30

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Language models implement simple W ord2 V ec-style vector arithmetic

Reference 31

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space

Reference 32

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality

Reference 33

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Unresolved cited work

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Zoom in: An introduction to circuits

Reference 35

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Chatterji, Faisal Ladhak, and Tatsunori Hashimoto

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Learning Hierarchical Structures with Linear Relational Embedding

Reference 37

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models The Linear Representation Hypothesis and the Geometry of Large Language Models

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models G lo V e: Global vectors for word representation

Reference 39

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Null it out: Guarding protected attributes by iterative nullspace projection

Reference 40

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Impact of pretraining term frequencies on few-shot numerical reasoning

Reference 41

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Backtracking mathematical reasoning of language models to the pretraining data

Reference 42

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Steering llama 2 via contrastive activation addition

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Salton, A

Reference 44

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Unresolved cited work

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models The bias amplification paradox in text-to-image generation

Reference 46

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Detecting pretraining data from large language models

Reference 47

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Membership inference attacks against machine learning models

Reference 48

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models The curious case of hallucinatory (un)answerability: Finding truths in the hidden states of over-confident large language models

Reference 49

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Dolma: an open corpus of three trillion tokens for language model pretraining research

Reference 50

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Extracting Latent Steering Vectors from Pretrained Language Models

Reference 51

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Formalizing and Estimating Distribution Inference Risks

Reference 52

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Scaling Monosemanticity : Extracting Interpretable Features from Claude 3 Sonnet

Reference 53

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:37:36.880815Z

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Function vectors in large language models

Reference 54

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models GPT-J-6B: A 6 Billion Parameter Autoregressive Language Model

Reference 55

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Understanding reasoning ability of language models from the perspective of reasoning paths aggregation

Reference 56

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T12:37:36.855643Z

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Generalization v.s

Reference 57

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This paper cites Doremi: Optimizing data mixtures speeds up language model pretraining.

On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Doremi: Optimizing data mixtures speeds up language model pretraining

Reference 58

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models write newline

Reference 59

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models @esa (Ref

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Unresolved cited work

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On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 62

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Pith citing papers

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How Do Language Models Compose Functions? cites this paper.

How Do Language Models Compose Functions? On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models

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Stories in Space: In-Context Learning Trajectories in Conceptual Belief Space cites this paper.

Stories in Space: In-Context Learning Trajectories in Conceptual Belief Space On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models

Reference 150

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Graded Entity-Familiarity Readouts in Language Models: Polish Adaptation, Cross-Language Robustness, and Refusal Steering cites this paper.

Graded Entity-Familiarity Readouts in Language Models: Polish Adaptation, Cross-Language Robustness, and Refusal Steering On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models

Reference 52

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Bridging Compute- and Data-Optimal Pretraining cites this paper.

Bridging Compute- and Data-Optimal Pretraining On Linear Representations and Pretraining Data Frequency in Language Models

Reference 77

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