Beyond-Diagonal Dynamic Metasurface Antenna

Hugo Prod'Homme; Philipp del Hougne

REVIEW 4 major objections 4 minor 1 cited by

Beyond-Diagonal Dynamic Metasurface Antenna

T0 review · 4 major / 4 minor · reviewed 2026-08-16 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read Adding tunable vias that reconfigure the cavity-mediated coupling between meta-atoms yields measurable channel-gain enhancement over fixed-coupling DMAs, and the gain grows with mutual-coupling strength.

desk verdict BD-DMA is a genuinely new tuning dimension for DMA hardware, and the diagonal/beyond-diagonal model is clean; but the headline gains rest on an assumed 1%/99% via polarizability contrast that full-wave or measurement should confirm. read the letter →

arxiv 2504.13523 v2 pith:44G4F73W submitted 2025-04-18 physics.app-ph eess.SP

Hugo Prod'homme , Philipp del Hougne This is my paper · ORCID

classification physics.app-pheess.SP

keywords dynamicmetasurfaceantennabeyond-diagonalDMAreconfigurableintrinsiccouplingmutualcoupled-dipolemodelbeamformingtunableviascoordinatedescent

verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper argues that a dynamic metasurface antenna (DMA) should be able to reconfigure not just its meta-atoms but also the intrinsic coupling between them. The proposed 'beyond-diagonal DMA' (BD-DMA) places tunable vias inside the cavity that mediates the coupling, making the coupling itself programmable. Using a coupled-dipole model, the paper derives two equivalent descriptions: one in which all tunable elements act as independent diagonal parameters, and a reduced-basis version in which the vias appear as correlated 'beyond-diagonal' matrix entries. Simulation-based channel-gain maximization for a single user shows that the BD-DMA beats a fixed-coupling DMA, with the benefit increasing with mutual-coupling strength and scaling super-linearly with the number of tunable vias. If the hardware assumption holds, this would add a new analog programming axis to DMA-based beamforming.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the interaction matrix $\mathbf{W} = \mathbf{A} - \mathbf{G}$ of the coupled-dipole model, partitioned into feeds, tunable vias, and programmable meta-atoms. The key mathematical step is the Schur-complement-style reduction to $\mathring{\mathbf{W}}^0 = \mathbf{W}^0_{PP} - \mathbf{W}^0_{PV}(\mathbf{W}^0_{VV} + \operatorname{diag}(\mathbf{v}))^{-1}\mathbf{W}^0_{VP}$, which exposes the tunable vias as reconfigurable entries of the cavity-mediated coupling. This reduced representation is what makes the programmability 'beyond-diagonal': the effective off-diagonal coupling terms are adjustable, but not independently, being parametrized by the diagonal vector $\mathbf{v}$. The paper's argument runs on the equivalence of this correlated representation with the independent diagonal form $\operatorname{diag}(\mathbf{c})$, plus a binary coordinate-descent algorithm that exploits Woodbury-identity-based fast evaluations of the cost.

What would settle it

Run a full-wave simulation or measurement of a fabricated cavity-backed BD-DMA with PIN-diode-switched vias, extract the two achievable via polarizabilities, and compare the optimized channel gain with an identical fixed-coupling DMA. If the observed enhancement does not increase with mutual-coupling strength, or falls below the simulated values when the real via contrast is used, the central claim is refuted.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that reconfigurable intrinsic coupling between meta-atoms is a real, exploitable degree of freedom for DMA-based wireless systems. Concretely, a DMA whose backing cavity contains tunable vias can be optimized, under binary 1-bit constraints, to deliver higher single-user channel gain than an otherwise identical DMA with fixed coupling. The paper further claims that these gains grow with the strength of mutual coupling and that, in the simulated regime, the average gain enhancement scales super-linearly with the number of tunable vias devoted to coupling reconfiguration. The theoretical foundation is the equivalence between the full diagonal representation, where every tunable lumped element is an independent parameter, and the reduced-basis 'beyond-diagonal' representation, where the vias manifest as correlated, non-independently controllable entries of the interaction matrix. Because the diagonal form has the same mathematical structure as a conventional DMA, existing mutual-coupling-aware optimization algorithms carry over directly.

Load-bearing premise

The simulations assume that switching a tunable via changes its polarizability from 1% to 99% of the static value; if real vias switch with less contrast, the reported gains shrink.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

A BD-DMA base station would have a second programmable layer—cavity-mediated coupling—in addition to the meta-atoms' local tunability, enabling beam patterns that a fixed-coupling DMA cannot reach.
Because the diagonal representation matches a conventional DMA's structure, any existing mutual-coupling-aware optimizer can be applied to BD-DMAs without new algorithmic machinery.
Strongly coupled DMAs, which are usually seen as problematic because they make the configuration-to-radiation map nonlinear, become attractive when the coupling itself can be reconfigured.
The simulated super-linear scaling with $N_V$ implies that investing in more tunable vias pays off disproportionately in average channel gain, at least in the regime studied.
Treating the beyond-diagonal entries as independent, as some BD-RIS studies do, would overestimate performance; the correlated structure is a hard physical constraint.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

A natural next test is multi-user operation: the single-user channel-gain metric used here may over- or understate BD-DMA gains once interference and noise are included.
The diagonal/beyond-diagonal equivalence is general for wave systems parametrized by tunable lumped elements, so the same two-representation derivation could be applied to other reconfigurable electromagnetic hardware, not only DMAs.
The assumed 1% and 99% via polarizability contrast is the crux to check experimentally; a smaller real-world contrast would shrink, but not necessarily erase, the reported gains.
The super-linear scaling law is an empirical observation from simulations; an analytic explanation or a corroborating experiment would turn it into a design rule.

Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Desk Editor's Note

read the letter

Short version: I think this paper is worth engaging seriously, but the performance numbers should be read as upper-bound-ish until the tunable via states are grounded in a real switch model.

What's new: The idea of putting tunable vias inside the DMA cavity so that the intrinsic coupling between meta-atoms, not just their local polarizabilities, becomes programmable is new relative to the DMA literature I know. The paper is also honest about the fact that in a physical lumped-element description the programmability is diagonal; the 'beyond-diagonal' matrix in the reduced basis is correlated and not independently controllable. That equivalence is inherited from BD-RIS work, but the adaptation to a cavity-backed DMA with binary coordinate descent is a concrete, useful contribution.

What's done well: The coupled-dipole derivation is coherent. The reduced-basis representation in Eq. (11) is a nice way to see how tunable vias enter as reconfigurable coupling. The optimization algorithm is standard coordinate descent, but it's applied sensibly and the Woodbury trick makes it efficient. The simulation setup is described in enough detail that the results are reproducible in principle, though no code is shipped.

Soft spots: The main one is exactly what the stress-test note says. Section IV assumes the two states of each tunable via are 1% and 99% of the static via polarizability 'for simplicity.' That is a very wide contrast. A PIN diode or varactor in the off state will have residual capacitance/inductance, so the practical contrast could be much smaller. All the enhancement numbers in Fig. 2 sit on top of that assumption. If the contrast is, say, 30% vs 70%, the configuration space shrinks and the reported super-linear scaling may weaken. The paper does not give error bars on the means, and the three lossiness values are hand-chosen, so we don't know whether the trends are robust to the via model. These are not fatal flaws—the qualitative claim is plausible and the model is a reasonable first cut—but the quantitative claims in the abstract ('benefits grow with mutual coupling strength') should be treated as provisional until someone runs a full-wave switch model or measures a prototype.

Also minor: self-citations to the group's prior DMA/RIS work are frequent but appropriate given they established the coupled-dipole model and the diagonal representation. Citation pattern looks fine.

Who it's for: DMA/RIS researchers, particularly people working on cavity-backed antennas and BD-RIS hardware. It would be a solid conference/journal paper with the via model strengthened.

Recommendation: Send it to peer review. I'd ask the authors to either add a full-wave extraction of the tunable via polarizability states or clearly frame the results as a parameter study over contrast values, and to share code/data.

Referee Report

4 major / 4 minor

Summary. This paper introduces the 'beyond-diagonal DMA' (BD-DMA), a dynamic metasurface antenna architecture in which additional tunable vias are placed inside the coupling cavity to reconfigure the intrinsic mutual coupling between feeds and meta-atoms. The authors derive a coupled-dipole system model, show that the same physical system admits an equivalent diagonal (uncorrelated) representation and a reduced-basis beyond-diagonal (correlated) representation, and propose a binary coordinate-descent optimization algorithm based on the diagonal form. They evaluate the architecture in physics-consistent simulations for a single-feed chaotic-cavity-backed BD-DMA at 10 GHz, comparing channel gain for NV=0 (conventional DMA) against NV=16 and NV=32 tunable vias at three substrate lossiness levels. The reported enhancement grows with mutual coupling strength and appears to scale super-linearly with NV. The central claim is that reconfigurable intrinsic coupling improves channel gain over conventional DMAs.

Significance. The conceptual contribution is significant: it extends the beyond-diagonal paradigm from RIS to DMA, and the diagonal representation of Eq. (8) provides a practical route to reuse existing DMA optimization algorithms. The coupled-dipole derivation is coherent and the equivalence of the two representations is clearly argued. The paper does not provide code, data, or hardware validation, and the quantitative results depend on an unvalidated extreme-case assumption on the tunable-via polarizability states. If that assumption is replaced by realistic values, the framework remains useful but the claimed magnitude of the benefit is uncertain. I nevertheless regard the work as a valuable stepping stone for the DMA community.

major comments (4)

[Section IV, tunable via polarizability assumption] The assumption that the two possible values of α_i for tunable vias are 1% and 99% of the static via polarizability is the single most load-bearing parameter in the paper. All enhancement values in Fig. 2 are computed under this extreme 99:1 contrast, and no full-wave simulation or measurement is provided to justify it. If a practical PIN-diode- or varactor-tuned via achieves a smaller contrast, the effective configuration space shrinks and the reported gains could become small or indistinguishable from optimization noise. I therefore request either a full-wave extraction of the switched via states (as done for the meta-atom polarizabilities in [28]) or, at minimum, a sensitivity analysis over realistic contrast values. Without this, the central quantitative claim that BD-DMAs improve channel gain is not established.
[Section IV, Fig. 2] The comparison NV=0 vs NV=16,32 varies the number of tunable elements as well as the presence of reconfigurable intrinsic coupling. A conventional DMA with additional meta-atoms (e.g., NM+NV meta-atoms and no tunable vias) would provide a more controlled baseline with the same total number of binary variables. As presented, the observed enhancement and the 'super-linear' scaling with NV conflate the architectural innovation with the trivial effect of having more degrees of freedom to optimize. The authors should either add such a baseline or argue why it is not the right control.
[Section IV, Fig. 2 (definition of η)] The channel-gain enhancement η used in the bottom row of Fig. 2 is never defined in the text. The reader cannot tell whether η is a ratio, a difference, or a normalized difference, and the averages ⟨η⟩ are also not precisely specified (e.g., over which random configurations and grid points). Please provide the explicit definition and the exact averaging procedure.
[Section IV, Fig. 2 (statistical support)] The qualitative conclusions that the benefits grow with mutual coupling strength and scale super-linearly with NV are drawn from only three values of γ and NV, with no error bars or confidence intervals. Since the coordinate descent starts from a random dictionary, the results may depend on the initialization; the authors should report statistics over multiple random seeds or at least bootstrap estimates to support these scaling claims.

minor comments (4)

[Section II.A, Eq. (2) vicinity] The sentence defining Gij appears to contain a typo: 'at the position and along the orientation of the jth dipole' should likely read 'ith dipole'.
[Section IV (reproducibility)] No code, data, or detailed simulation parameters (e.g., exact cavity dimensions, via positions, substrate permittivity, and optimization runtime) are provided; an online repository would improve reproducibility.
[Section IV (cost definition)] The cost function C = -β for maximizing channel gain is stated, but the figure caption and text do not explain how the averages over grid points and random configurations are computed; adding this detail would improve clarity.
[Section V] The conclusion repeats the 'super-linear' claim without acknowledging the limited number of NV values; a more cautious wording would be appropriate.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the BD-DMA model is derived from an established coupled-dipole formalism, and the reported gains are simulation outputs, not fitted inputs.

full rationale

The derivation chain is self-contained with respect to the paper's claimed prediction. Section II starts from the coupled-dipole interaction equation Ap = einc + Gp (Eq. 2), partitions the interaction matrix into static and reconfigurable blocks (Eq. 4), and obtains the diagonal and reduced-basis representations by exact block-matrix algebra (Eqs. 8, 10-13). No target result, such as channel-gain enhancement, is used to fix any parameter. The optimization in Section III is standard binary coordinate descent, and Section IV compares BD-DMA against a conventional DMA (NV = 0) under identical Green's functions and meta-atom polarizabilities. Cited prior coupled-dipole DMA models provide external validation, while self-citations for mutual-coupling benefits and reduced-basis representations are motivational or parallel derivations rather than load-bearing reductions, because the needed algebra is re-derived in this paper. The one notable simplification, the assumption that tunable-via polarizabilities take values of 1% and 99% of the static via polarizability, is an unvalidated modeling assumption rather than a circular input-output identification: the gain numbers depend on it, but it is not fitted from the predicted enhancement and the qualitative model structure does not reduce to that choice. Hence no circular step is present.

Assumptions & free parameters 2 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 1 invented entities

The central result depends on the coupled-dipole model and on assumed tunable via behavior. No hardware verification is provided, and the quantified benefits rest on parameters chosen by hand rather than measured.

free parameters (2)

substrate lossiness gamma = 0.02, 0.012, 0.01
Varied by hand to tune mutual coupling strength; the central trend 'benefits grow with MC strength' is read off this sequence of three values.
tunable via polarizability states = 1% and 99% of static via polarizability
Ad hoc 'for simplicity' choice in Sec. IV. No full-wave extraction for via states, and the simulated BD-DMA gain likely depends on this assumed contrast.

assumptions (5)

domain assumption Coupled-dipole model with scalar polarizabilities is valid for feeds, tunable vias, and meta-atoms.
Invoked in Sec. II-A: entities are small compared to wavelength, justifying dipole description.
domain assumption Background Green's functions of the static cavity can be computed analytically and remain valid when via states change.
Used in Sec. IV to evaluate the model; static vias are reduced to primary entities citing prior work.
ad hoc to paper Binary via states are represented by 1% and 99% of static via polarizability.
Sec. IV states this assumption explicitly; it directly controls the magnitude of reported gains.
standard math Standard linear algebra identities, including block matrix inversion and the Woodbury identity.
Used in Sec. II-B and Algorithm 1 without proof.
standard math Superposition principle for electromagnetic fields in linear media.
Foundation of the coupled-dipole equations in Sec. II-A.

invented entities (1)

Tunable via inside the DMA cavity for reconfigurable intrinsic coupling
purpose: Reconfigure mutual coupling between feeds and meta-atoms
Proposed hardware element has no prototype, measurement, or full-wave simulation in this paper; its two states are assumed to have polarizabilities at 1% and 99% of a static via.

how reviews work

0 comments

Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Beyond-Diagonal Dynamic Metasurface Antenna." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/44G4F73W

@misc{pith2026250413523,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Beyond-Diagonal Dynamic Metasurface Antenna},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/44G4F73W}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2504.13523}
}

read the original abstract

Dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs) are an emerging technology for next-generation wireless base stations, distinguished by hybrid analog/digital beamforming capabilities with low hardware complexity. However, the intrinsic coupling between meta-atoms is fixed by static waveguide or cavity structures in existing DMAs, which fundamentally constrains the achievable performance. Here, we introduce reconfigurable intrinsic coupling mechanisms between meta-atoms, yielding finer control over the DMA's analog signal processing capabilities. This novel hardware is coined "beyond-diagonal DMA" (BD-DMA), in line with established BD-RIS terminology. Considering realistic hardware constraints, we derive a physics-consistent system model revealing (correlated) "beyond-diagonal" programmability. We also present an equivalent formulation with (uncorrelated) "diagonal" programmability. Based on the latter, we propose a general and efficient mutual-coupling-aware optimization algorithm. Physics-consistent simulations validate the performance enhancement enabled by reconfigurable intrinsic coupling mechanisms in BD-DMAs. The BD-DMA benefits grow with the mutual coupling strength.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2504.13523 by the authors.

**Figure 2.** Top row: Average channel gain ⟨β⟩ with random and optimized BDDMA configurations. Bottom row: Average channel gain enhancement ⟨η⟩. Results are shown for three different MC strengths (see subfigure titles), three different values of NV (NV = 0 corresponds to a conventional DMA with fixed intrinsic MC) and two values of z0 (see legend). couplings between meta-atoms, serving as benchmark. The channel gain enhancement… view at source ↗

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

End-to-End Dynamic Metasurface Antenna Wireless System: Prototype, Opportunities, and Challenges
eess.SP 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

A first end-to-end K-band prototype shows a single-feed dynamic metasurface antenna with strong mutual coupling can simultaneously beam-steer and null a jammer, yielding up to 43 dB discrimination and robust BER.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

28 extracted references · 22 canonical work pages · cited by 1 Pith paper

[28]

Polarizability extraction of complementary metamaterial elements in waveguides for aperture modeling,

L. Pulido-Mancera et al. , “Polarizability extraction of complementary metamaterial elements in waveguides for aperture modeling,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 96, no. 23, p. 235402, 2017

work page 2017
[1]

Enhancing capacity of spatial multiplexing systems using reconfigurable cavity-backed metasurface antennas in clustered MIMO channels,

I. Yoo et al., “Enhancing capacity of spatial multiplexing systems using reconfigurable cavity-backed metasurface antennas in clustered MIMO channels,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 1070–1084, 2018

work page 2018
[2]

Dynamic metasurface antennas for uplink massive MIMO systems,

N. Shlezinger et al., “Dynamic metasurface antennas for uplink massive MIMO systems,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 6829–6843, 2019

work page 2019
[3]

Dynamic metasurface antennas for 6G extreme massive MIMO communications,

N. Shlezinger et al. , “Dynamic metasurface antennas for 6G extreme massive MIMO communications,” IEEE Wirel. Commun., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 106–113, 2021

work page 2021
[4]

Energy efficiency maximization of massive MIMO communications with dynamic metasurface antennas,

L. You et al. , “Energy efficiency maximization of massive MIMO communications with dynamic metasurface antennas,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 393–407, 2022

work page 2022
[5]

Beam focusing for near-field multiuser MIMO communications,

H. Zhang et al. , “Beam focusing for near-field multiuser MIMO communications,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. , vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 7476–7490, 2022

work page 2022
[6]

Learned integrated sensing pipeline: Reconfigurable metasurface transceivers as trainable physical layer in an artificial neural network,

P. del Hougne et al. , “Learned integrated sensing pipeline: Reconfigurable metasurface transceivers as trainable physical layer in an artificial neural network,” Adv. Sci., vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1901913, 2020

work page 2020
[7]

Noise-adaptive intelligent programmable meta-imager,

C. Qian and P. del Hougne, “Noise-adaptive intelligent programmable meta-imager,” Intell. Comput., p. 9825738, 2022

work page 2022

Show all 28 references

[8]

Waveform optimization and beam focusing for near-field wireless power transfer with dynamic metasurface antennas and non-linear energy harvesters,

A. Azarbahram et al. , “Waveform optimization and beam focusing for near-field wireless power transfer with dynamic metasurface antennas and non-linear energy harvesters,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. , 2024

2024
[9]

Near-field beam-focusing for wireless power transfer with dynamic metasurface antennas,

H. Zhang et al., “Near-field beam-focusing for wireless power transfer with dynamic metasurface antennas,” IEEE Internet Things J. , 2025

2025
[10]

Dynamic metamaterial aperture for microwave imaging,

T. Sleasman et al. , “Dynamic metamaterial aperture for microwave imaging,” Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol. 107, no. 20, 2015

2015
[11]

Implementation and characterization of a two-dimensional printed circuit dynamic metasurface aperture for computational microwave imaging,

T. A. Sleasman et al. , “Implementation and characterization of a two-dimensional printed circuit dynamic metasurface aperture for computational microwave imaging,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. , vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 2151–2164, 2020

2020
[12]

Analysis of a waveguide-fed metasurface antenna,

D. R. Smith et al., “Analysis of a waveguide-fed metasurface antenna,” Phys. Rev. Appl., vol. 8, no. 5, p. 054048, 2017

2017
[13]

Electronically steered metasurface antenna,

M. Boyarsky et al. , “Electronically steered metasurface antenna,” Sci. Rep., vol. 11, no. 1, p. 4693, 2021

2021
[14]

Analytic model of a coax-fed planar cavity-backed metasurface antenna for pattern synthesis,

I. Yoo et al. , “Analytic model of a coax-fed planar cavity-backed metasurface antenna for pattern synthesis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 67, no. 9, pp. 5853–5866, 2019

2019
[15]

Analytic model of coax-fed printed metasurfaces and analysis of antenna parameters,

I. Yoo and D. R. Smith, “Analytic model of coax-fed printed metasurfaces and analysis of antenna parameters,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 2950–2964, 2019

2019
[16]

Electromagnetic based communication model for dynamic metasurface antennas,

R. J. Williams et al., “Electromagnetic based communication model for dynamic metasurface antennas,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. , vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 8616–8630, 2022

2022
[17]

Benefits of mutual coupling in dynamic metasurface antennas for optimizing wireless communications - theory and experimental validation,

H. Prod’homme et al. , “Benefits of mutual coupling in dynamic metasurface antennas for optimizing wireless communications - theory and experimental validation,” arXiv:2502.15565, 2025

2025
[18]

Mutual coupling in dynamic metasurface antennas: Foe, but also friend,

H. Prod’homme and P. del Hougne, “Mutual coupling in dynamic metasurface antennas: Foe, but also friend,” arXiv:2412.01002, 2024

2024 arXiv
[19]

Modeling and architecture design of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces using scattering parameter network analysis,

S. Shen et al. , “Modeling and architecture design of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces using scattering parameter network analysis,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 1229–1243, 2021

2021
[20]

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces 2.0: Beyond diagonal phase shift matrices,

H. Li et al. , “Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces 2.0: Beyond diagonal phase shift matrices,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 102–108, 2023

2023
[21]

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces with mutual coupling: Modeling and optimization,

H. Li et al. , “Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces with mutual coupling: Modeling and optimization,” IEEE Commun. Lett. , vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 937–941, 2024

2024
[22]

A physics-compliant diagonal representation for wireless channels parametrized by beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,

P. del Hougne, “A physics-compliant diagonal representation for wireless channels parametrized by beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. , 2025

2025
[23]

Beyond-diagonal RIS prototype and performance evaluation,

J. Tapie et al. , “Beyond-diagonal RIS prototype and performance evaluation,” arXiv:2505.13392, 2025

2025 arXiv
[24]

Tunable SIW structures: antennas, VCOs, and filters,

K. Entesari et al., “Tunable SIW structures: antennas, VCOs, and filters,” IEEE Microw. Mag., vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 34–54, 2015

2015
[25]

J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd ed., 1999

1999
[26]

Covert scattering control in metamaterials with non-locally encoded hidden symmetry,

J. Sol et al., “Covert scattering control in metamaterials with non-locally encoded hidden symmetry,” Adv. Mater., vol. 36, no. 11, p. 2303891, 2024

2024
[27]

Efficient computation of physics- compliant channel realizations for (rich-scattering) RIS-parametrized radio environments,

H. Prod’homme and P. del Hougne, “Efficient computation of physics- compliant channel realizations for (rich-scattering) RIS-parametrized radio environments,” IEEE Commun. Lett. , vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 3375– 3379, 2023

2023

Pith tools

Reviewed August 16, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.

[1] [28]

Polarizability extraction of complementary metamaterial elements in waveguides for aperture modeling,

L. Pulido-Mancera et al. , “Polarizability extraction of complementary metamaterial elements in waveguides for aperture modeling,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 96, no. 23, p. 235402, 2017

work page 2017

[2] [1]

Enhancing capacity of spatial multiplexing systems using reconfigurable cavity-backed metasurface antennas in clustered MIMO channels,

I. Yoo et al., “Enhancing capacity of spatial multiplexing systems using reconfigurable cavity-backed metasurface antennas in clustered MIMO channels,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 1070–1084, 2018

work page 2018

[3] [2]

Dynamic metasurface antennas for uplink massive MIMO systems,

N. Shlezinger et al., “Dynamic metasurface antennas for uplink massive MIMO systems,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 6829–6843, 2019

work page 2019

[4] [3]

Dynamic metasurface antennas for 6G extreme massive MIMO communications,

N. Shlezinger et al. , “Dynamic metasurface antennas for 6G extreme massive MIMO communications,” IEEE Wirel. Commun., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 106–113, 2021

work page 2021

[5] [4]

Energy efficiency maximization of massive MIMO communications with dynamic metasurface antennas,

L. You et al. , “Energy efficiency maximization of massive MIMO communications with dynamic metasurface antennas,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 393–407, 2022

work page 2022

[6] [5]

Beam focusing for near-field multiuser MIMO communications,

H. Zhang et al. , “Beam focusing for near-field multiuser MIMO communications,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. , vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 7476–7490, 2022

work page 2022

[7] [6]

Learned integrated sensing pipeline: Reconfigurable metasurface transceivers as trainable physical layer in an artificial neural network,

P. del Hougne et al. , “Learned integrated sensing pipeline: Reconfigurable metasurface transceivers as trainable physical layer in an artificial neural network,” Adv. Sci., vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1901913, 2020

work page 2020

[8] [7]

Noise-adaptive intelligent programmable meta-imager,

C. Qian and P. del Hougne, “Noise-adaptive intelligent programmable meta-imager,” Intell. Comput., p. 9825738, 2022

work page 2022