Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T11:18:01.484321Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 61 of 61 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2504.16020.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T11:18:01.484321Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-10T15:16:58.221358Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-11T10:51:20.335706Z
61 of 61 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation fdcf8736-834a-40ce-87ec-b7aa8f592c36 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c32a567b-d648-491d-813f-f666ce7592e0 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation df8681bb-cf01-4d5e-841a-fd23a31b71cc · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer A., Veness, J., Bellemare, M
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 864628e3-ec9f-4f8a-b404-62fcce5d302c · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b9af3f5e-22ba-4e4d-afd8-44cd4c145b01 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer An overview of gradient descent optimization algorithms
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 59a15f8f-7661-4e11-be65-a15f602d715f · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer The Marginal Value of Adaptive Gradient Methods in Machine Learning
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2116e4c4-73ba-498f-812e-f62bac900004 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 3c9929a5-936b-4ef6-9c0e-968db3c26adc · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Large Batch Training of Convolutional Networks
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d4e93ed4-6877-48e9-a736-d9e2e4e5aeca · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Large Batch Optimization for Deep Learning: Training BERT in 76 minutes
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ea8a4d8a-26da-456a-812b-c8ab152c5af3 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer signSGD: Compressed Optimisation for Non-Convex Problems
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b5a27ab1-e55a-404e-8139-af6f2ffdc3aa · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Addressing Function Approximation Error in Actor-Critic Methods
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dfe05031-dd73-452c-8ca0-2fe51ac607da · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 89a86ce0-f75b-4aa9-8e0c-98b1cd0b5762 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 1a387490-6bea-4477-a19c-e9b954d4a9f4 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer (2018).High-Dimensional Probability: An Introduction with Applications in Data Science
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 5a21bcd8-ec90-4547-894e-fb0a07929cd3 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer (2016).Deep Learning
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b702c0a7-9827-4788-b0bc-c5044632c2ed · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer (2004).Introductory Lectures on Convex Optimization: A Basic Course
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 7881c160-0733-4395-b9f4-ecb982106294 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 7df63c61-200f-4d29-bda3-be91c12f7e44 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 54cb98e1-ec24-4fb3-a671-60f128e2054b · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 2b02adda-a284-4d7e-93ed-5ec32c1f3f8d · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 00a2ecde-7d5f-42e3-8d87-a39bc5f1789a · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer and Lan, G
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 27714245-442f-446d-9718-7bf59209d292 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer On the Convergence of Adam and Beyond
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8a6cedfd-0751-4456-812b-730ddbbd2c55 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer E., and Nocedal, J
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 2999a6ae-7825-448d-a58f-47e578c1e157 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer and Keshet, J
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 383e3cd5-f801-4fe6-a19f-43a319a6c00f · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer S., Courville, A., and Bellemare, M
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 1a08e5a3-10dc-4b43-b7e5-9a9e70a252b3 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer and Hinton, G
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 4d016d55-7824-42bf-a8f7-dfd6d680ae68 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation a4a7b033-5bd5-496e-a7be-8b2e34b6b99d · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation b8a62a3e-f58c-4485-912e-802970f4af48 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 70ab40f6-8b7f-41a2-94b8-7d57c263f512 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation becd3253-59c5-4dc6-adb7-d04ed6470ea2 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 1cd5768d-2cf3-429d-8262-5202cbf61822 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation aeb06ff0-ef64-4fda-8ae2-4060c9d1553e · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 4ffbbde6-a392-4ee3-9a95-3d855f23b30a · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer S., Davis, A., Dean, J., Devin, M., et al
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 8854dce0-c0ef-4df1-894d-4c2b7cf8a46d · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer A., and Peters, J
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 0a9e3969-ac9d-4771-b745-e7f2a22b41ba · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer I., Kemker, R., Part, J
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 96be1891-8836-4e0f-85f3-478587f87be4 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Dynamical Isometry and a Mean Field Theory of CNNs: How to Train 10,000-Layer Vanilla Convolutional Neural Networks
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 30e46975-d771-4ff1-8717-96d61b19ca25 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 09458751-0902-448f-bd28-340330a6bd42 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer and Hutter, F
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 90221d8b-d0b6-4691-a795-15e654911064 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer J., Fu, P., Saparov, A., Choudhury, S., Huang, W., Hurtado, J., Khailany, B., Lien, H.-H
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 37028641-d1fa-4dc1-b3a8-e5d0306ffcae · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Deep Learning with Limited Numerical Precision
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation eec2c4e2-72e3-4f30-9e07-83186d30731d · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation a06d0522-c458-45c1-b760-e75944f896ee · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 567df801-2cab-409d-a076-d10c7e22814c · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 3d57606f-7823-4446-ae7a-61bbcbc8c431 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 0ce88c0a-4458-4604-999f-e324083952ee · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 5c972fb9-5fb2-4502-94d3-089a23e7ec4f · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 09fe3cc9-8b1e-4005-a0a7-e852b3d78d00 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Do ImageNet Classifiers Generalize to ImageNet?
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0c90e99a-8f34-4575-ad20-8e25723f422a · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Know What You Don't Know: Unanswerable Questions for SQuAD
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4c04338e-ad1a-4ba5-8fbb-a49be745b5a2 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Challenges of Real-World Reinforcement Learning
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 95337990-c905-4a2f-8c79-4e71df2c3ceb · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation d3ac973f-4e3f-4776-a158-1c5e65de5e0a · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Concrete Problems in AI Safety
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ae8b443a-37fc-4514-9b25-e4b20d548b43 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer J., and R´ e, C
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation aa65037d-4d14-4cdb-a123-66f3feb6063c · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer U., Cordonnier, J.-B., and Jaggi, M
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 7973f228-ed72-4e90-af0c-c083ab7ac2f9 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer and Stern, M
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 7e4e37fe-3768-46e1-b4ca-b9372b95d0a3 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Deep Reinforcement Learning for Traffic Light Control in Intelligent Transportation Systems
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 28103d01-4a27-4def-af13-4ab16277a96d · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Sophia: A Scalable Stochastic Second-order Optimizer for Language Model Pre-training
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 30dd5669-af2d-42a6-8992-15f7917acbac · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 4f1562ad-8792-4d3c-a1dc-f46089c9b454 · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 5910f499-5aa3-4660-bb11-6ca57debbfcc · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer and Bengio, Y
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 44b289fb-2766-4a17-ba0f-1dea3548e4fd · outbound
AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer Unresolved cited work
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation cd69f85d-8f87-465c-b112-f26a6ae7068f · inbound
Evolution of Optimization Methods: Algorithms, Scenarios, and Evaluations AlphaGrad: Non-Linear Gradient Normalization Optimizer
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.