Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 54 of 54 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2504.18413.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2504.18413 v1

Coverage vector

measured 54 of 54 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.126300Z

measured 54 of 54 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

54 of 54 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy2
unresolved48
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier2
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 58b8a280-9297-446e-a097-2d386f68af59 · outbound

This paper cites Can we trust the evaluation on ChatGPT?.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Can we trust the evaluation on ChatGPT?

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.883260Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 97a8bd43-5ede-4d9c-b116-a90c1d2ce30f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:27.125266Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation f0ae7b8f-427a-48e3-ba4c-eea5b9fb9c1f · outbound

This paper cites Bruce Croft, and Mark Sanderson.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Bruce Croft, and Mark Sanderson

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.898236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 63da9470-c3e5-4314-bb46-260aa2133211 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.903209Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 970a9468-29f8-4830-818e-cfc359ebefe7 · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the Use of Large Language Models for Reference-Free Text Quality Evaluation: An Empirical Study.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Exploring the Use of Large Language Models for Reference-Free Text Quality Evaluation: An Empirical Study

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.911997Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d9cf9ec3-2a24-4fbd-b013-697198005c01 · outbound

This paper cites Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.907544Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 47647def-fcef-4404-9f48-38fca9d1d730 · outbound

This paper cites A Closer Look into Automatic Evaluation Using Large Language Models.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering A Closer Look into Automatic Evaluation Using Large Language Models

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.922444Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e8da3c36-ba94-4cdb-a8e2-f25f18e0f5db · outbound

This paper cites Can Large Language Models Be an Alternative to Human Evaluations?.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Can Large Language Models Be an Alternative to Human Evaluations?

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.917092Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b3a24183-b2d9-4a6a-830a-25da1f545b31 · outbound

This paper cites Ragas: Automated Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generation.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Ragas: Automated Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generation

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.932874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f21e1034-5f70-42bb-b0e9-c9226d7424db · outbound

This paper cites On The Evaluation of Machine Translation Systems Trained With Back-Translation.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering On The Evaluation of Machine Translation Systems Trained With Back-Translation

Reference 10

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation ceb0ed0c-80db-4da4-8097-dad59deb5be9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.790440Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation ee6ea400-a4ec-4edd-9333-3864238fc704 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:27.100410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 6460a8a6-db23-4f55-9c46-50894b02ccc3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.949688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e3300c13-4dac-47fb-98d9-aa212b83fe8f · outbound

This paper cites GPTScore: Evaluate as You Desire.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering GPTScore: Evaluate as You Desire

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.945443Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation efde0744-6a09-40d8-bd32-26341c908e18 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judge.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judge

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.963232Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 74114987-1bfc-4a8f-8686-0661a60d711f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:27.075614Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 29a718aa-c2b7-4a10-9410-1119160c8518 · outbound

This paper cites Translationese in Machine Translation Evaluation.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Translationese in Machine Translation Evaluation

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.958494Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 239da420-edc5-4774-92be-a70179a5704e · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Mistral 7B

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.981933Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 82c9c9e2-c124-4501-9848-8f46cf12dc8e · outbound

This paper cites SOLAR 10.7B: Scaling Large Language Models with Simple yet Effective Depth Up-Scaling.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering SOLAR 10.7B: Scaling Large Language Models with Simple yet Effective Depth Up-Scaling

Reference 19

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0efe1c4b-d7b0-4ddd-a419-36f3eb51cfaf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.991809Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4d31df53-2e51-423e-8943-b07bd5b4e0c3 · outbound

This paper cites Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.977125Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 870190f9-74a1-45c8-8fbe-e05ab7516e85 · outbound

This paper cites Manning, Christopher Ré, Diana Acosta-Navas, Drew A.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Manning, Christopher Ré, Diana Acosta-Navas, Drew A

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:27.036109Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 93d24641-1b2c-4c0d-aaca-6858d73aca31 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.010113Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0959be33-1ff3-4d99-bf62-e0700bccf69b · outbound

This paper cites LLM-Eval: Unified Multi-Dimensional Automatic Evaluation for Open-Domain Conversations with Large Language Models.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering LLM-Eval: Unified Multi-Dimensional Automatic Evaluation for Open-Domain Conversations with Large Language Models

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.014390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ee5747c1-46fa-4e75-8990-c261c810452c · outbound

This paper cites A Systematic Study and Comprehensive Evaluation of ChatGPT on Benchmark Datasets.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering A Systematic Study and Comprehensive Evaluation of ChatGPT on Benchmark Datasets

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.996298Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 35823cd7-a060-4ab9-aea8-d1ab449fe8db · outbound

This paper cites LLM Comparative Assessment: Zero-shot NLG Evaluation through Pairwise Comparisons using Large Language Models.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering LLM Comparative Assessment: Zero-shot NLG Evaluation through Pairwise Comparisons using Large Language Models

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.022925Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9b225c7c-cd45-4633-8dac-12ecded4109d · outbound

This paper cites Language Models are Few-Shot Learners.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.027310Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bb4d1a79-bfbd-4e6a-b51d-b83065467d81 · outbound

This paper cites FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text Generation.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text Generation

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.031803Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4d529b29-d329-478b-a4fc-f0d04736caa1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:27.011563Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation a471f6db-7abd-4408-841f-be27588aef51 · outbound

This paper cites G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignment.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignment

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.018557Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5632106d-e38c-4b74-adf5-33ced804eee7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.044346Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4956660f-98d4-4e57-9a76-0b9068815c59 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.971017Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 19e2b9e0-5e67-48e0-9f8d-d34f9cdc8cd9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.053539Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation df03481d-2457-44a0-a66c-478b518706a2 · outbound

This paper cites Read before Generate! Faithful Long Form Question Answering with Machine Reading.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Read before Generate! Faithful Long Form Question Answering with Machine Reading

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.058961Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f5619ef3-05b5-4d24-a1a7-6164bcab6724 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.996376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 464041cb-7668-40bc-ab32-c4c800eb77a6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.955258Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 7b2978f5-28f0-426e-aaa8-e1a7e330ecdc · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.072226Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d495196b-ab18-4795-94f8-1b9ed58bd2d9 · outbound

This paper cites Foundational Autoraters: Taming Large Language Models for Better Automatic Evaluation.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Foundational Autoraters: Taming Large Language Models for Better Automatic Evaluation

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.076185Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dee73ccb-8926-4517-a994-d3ec9cc72a61 · outbound

This paper cites Is ChatGPT a Good NLG Evaluator? A Preliminary Study.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Is ChatGPT a Good NLG Evaluator? A Preliminary Study

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.080417Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c9dd1258-4c87-445d-8027-3d947f69c39a · outbound

This paper cites Chain-of-Discussion: A Multi-Model Framework for Complex Evidence-Based Question Answering.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Chain-of-Discussion: A Multi-Model Framework for Complex Evidence-Based Question Answering

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.063537Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ee0e2d8b-5bfd-4410-a804-db642cd30dc2 · outbound

This paper cites PandaLM: An Automatic Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Instruction Tuning Optimization.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering PandaLM: An Automatic Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Instruction Tuning Optimization

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.088890Z

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Observation c672f35b-7bcd-4386-b51f-3e89714af8f6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.939641Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 23252623-4f54-49d5-a877-3f665cc40096 · outbound

This paper cites A Critical Evaluation of Evaluations for Long-form Question Answering.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering A Critical Evaluation of Evaluations for Long-form Question Answering

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.097838Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 56a860e5-b077-4fab-a327-b6b3f30c6384 · outbound

This paper cites Prompt Engineering a Prompt Engineer.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Prompt Engineering a Prompt Engineer

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.102266Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8b488337-628e-4615-87b9-bc9db51940b7 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models are not Fair Evaluators.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Large Language Models are not Fair Evaluators

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.084583Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4d74b7f9-b248-40e0-b4dc-276ae4091f6d · outbound

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An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.112703Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 75241382-06bd-4b0c-9af0-5f7d869d76bf · outbound

This paper cites LLMEval: A Preliminary Study on How to Evaluate Large Language Models.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering LLMEval: A Preliminary Study on How to Evaluate Large Language Models

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.117543Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d1fbc60f-3d97-43af-b20c-3fd2ff306ce8 · outbound

This paper cites Meyer, and Stef- fen Eger.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Meyer, and Stef- fen Eger

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.122295Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d823a645-2ceb-4416-b70a-a68d3e580128 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.913420Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 84a6d43c-35b1-476d-aa3a-e21e8df48cbc · outbound

This paper cites FLASK: Fine-grained Language Model Evaluation based on Alignment Skill Sets.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering FLASK: Fine-grained Language Model Evaluation based on Alignment Skill Sets

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:26.107650Z

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Observation fd397251-7d15-4dde-94fb-5ad550defb35 · outbound

This paper cites In Advances in Information Retrieval: 42nd European Conference on IR Research, ECIR 2020, Lisbon, Portugal, April 14–17, 2020, Proceedings, Part II 42.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering In Advances in Information Retrieval: 42nd European Conference on IR Research, ECIR 2020, Lisbon, Portugal, April 14–17, 2020, Proceedings, Part II 42

Reference 2020

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:27.061012Z

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Observation 4e61d8c8-5d00-4acf-be30-a673f89df2b3 · outbound

This paper cites Holistic Evaluation of Language Models.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Holistic Evaluation of Language Models

Reference 2022

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b468ece7-0fa4-4138-942d-721e0eb5f7a2 · outbound

This paper cites Investigating Answerability of LLMs for Long-Form Question Answering.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering Investigating Answerability of LLMs for Long-Form Question Answering

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.893306Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c93eb2fc-df8a-430a-843e-2975a7da8c10 · outbound

This paper cites ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Tools.

An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Question Answering ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Tools

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:21:25.954165Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.