Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T21:43:08.713730Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 47 of 47 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.09659.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T21:43:08.713730Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
47 of 47 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 886e512a-e6d9-4a72-975f-7d8aef3b21a5 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Spikingbert: Distilling bert to train spiking language models using implicit differentiation
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 6535676c-57b7-4716-aac3-a6828d00002a · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Pythia: A suite for analyzing large language models across training and scaling
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 62a490c6-75e6-4446-be7e-f8d1e451b3b1 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models GPT-NeoX-20B: An Open-Source Autoregressive Language Model
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 22780db4-1356-4f04-87e8-b0fd640981d6 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Spikeprop: backpropagation for networks of spiking neurons
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation c0109412-902a-49cc-a75c-c2b7b7c69a78 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Optimal ANN-SNN Conversion for High-accuracy and Ultra-low-latency Spiking Neural Networks
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 62816357-126a-44a1-a0a7-bf7fb097d7a4 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Spiking deep convolutional neural networks for energy-efficient object recognition.International Journal of Computer Vision, 113:54–66, 2015
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 4b210b3f-5c90-4992-9435-6b24a7bd8c0c · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models FAS: Fast ANN-SNN Conversion for Spiking Large Language Models
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6e732d4d-d81c-451a-9aa6-1af1b8af90d6 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Loihi: A neuromorphic manycore processor with on-chip learning.Ieee Micro, 38(1):82–99, 2018
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 4d1503a7-3ac3-4bf7-a272-886353e230a0 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Optimal Conversion of Conventional Artificial Neural Networks to Spiking Neural Networks
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 028bd473-ce2b-431d-b0b4-09e9fa0728e6 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 91c2ce1b-2e26-4548-a227-86de7a4e7c19 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Fast-classifying, high-accuracy spiking deep networks through weight and threshold balancing.2015 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pages 1–8, 2015
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation ca686685-e976-417f-9a66-bb8205b3b952 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Memristor-based neuromorphic chips.Advanced Materials, 36(14):2310704, 2024
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 2dbd2051-4d67-4410-a2f4-1716810082e3 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Cambridge University Press, 2014
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b9d354d8-9671-4eb7-bc39-7aa0e1f02cf0 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Reducing ann-snn conversion error through residual membrane potential
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 54b463c5-d8bf-446b-82cb-9293184667f7 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Bridging the Gap between ANNs and SNNs by Calibrating Offset Spikes
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9672458f-61d1-41f4-8321-a35ea054cf57 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models LM-HT SNN: Enhancing the Performance of SNN to ANN Counterpart through Learnable Multi-hierarchical Threshold Model
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f6f94385-26f4-4e6d-b30e-33c185a6c53c · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Towards high-performance spiking transformers from ann to snn conversion
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 8bda04ee-34e6-4d64-87fc-dc1a354dbcae · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models The information pathways hypothesis: Transformers are dynamic self- ensembles
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 9964460f-cfbb-4713-8330-440923b447b8 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 7071773f-8e8b-446a-93c9-4af8fc2fdbe0 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Spatio-temporal approximation: A training-free snn conversion for transformers
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 35068dbc-731d-4958-aae9-eb1c76fc0e9b · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Bloom: A 176b-parameter open-access multilingual language model
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d02c0d7f-f76d-4821-8a9d-fbf20e603e7c · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Efficient and accurate conversion of spiking neural network with burst spikes
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 4f22a1e7-456b-4b1d-be93-5eaec827f516 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1adba8e6-1373-4743-bc34-1c06359d4fec · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Power efficient division and square root unit.IEEE Transactions on Computers, 61(8):1059–1070, 2012
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 4716667b-3bd9-433a-adc0-4b65fd81f1d5 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Spikebert: A language spikformer learned from bert with knowledge distillation, 2024
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ac371c32-3019-4cb7-b009-680d25b3126d · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Spiking convolutional neural networks for text classification
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 2b873698-bfcd-4002-849a-98820d96511d · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Neftci, Hesham Mostafa, and Friedemann Zenke
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation adb64981-5630-4403-9eff-ee270cb22727 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Hardware implementation of the exponential function using taylor series
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 2131aa5d-71a3-45d2-b8a2-8cb53acdef44 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Language models are unsupervised multitask learners.OpenAI blog, 1(8):9, 2019
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5e4cd774-751a-4231-9bc6-03787d9a8196 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models DIET-SNN: Direct Input Encoding With Leakage and Threshold Optimization in Deep Spiking Neural Networks
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bc8c4e06-1f43-47e0-9a12-344311043e32 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Theory and Tools for the Conversion of Analog to Spiking Convolutional Neural Networks
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a37979f8-5cb2-4e31-84ad-c3716007423d · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Conversion of continuous-valued deep networks to efficient event-driven networks for image classification.Frontiers in neuroscience, 11:294078, 2017
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 0ce99825-1a54-4329-98fc-517388d877f4 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Multitask prompted training enables zero-shot task generalization
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation a041fa91-d6ba-4e11-8c27-ee2e35b9fbed · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Astrocyte-Enabled Advancements in Spiking Neural Networks for Large Language Modeling
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1f273228-0995-440d-95f6-3359511ce099 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models One-step spiking transformer with a linear complexity
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 027f0ed1-3901-4a83-8ae3-6480519a1fdd · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Optimized spiking neurons can classify images with high accuracy through temporal coding with two spikes.Nature Machine Intelligence, 3(3):230–238, 2021
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation a9dc1115-3ad5-4162-aca3-b23aff5f0a87 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Learning general purpose distributed sentence representations via large scale multi-task learning
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation f5aa10dc-d404-4ed1-b18c-2a12ff0037eb · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Generalized leaky integrate-and-fire models classify multiple neuron types.Nature communications, 9(1):709, 2018
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 275560d2-1a38-41db-a81c-84fba0bbd9a8 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 71f8741a-868d-4b0f-8195-baeb8683790c · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8f7a9e18-5a6c-45a9-8b23-560261be4658 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models SpikeLM: Towards General Spike-Driven Language Modeling via Elastic Bi-Spiking Mechanisms
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 56b07f8f-aa85-4d51-a705-33e77f40bab8 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Spike-based dynamic computing with asynchronous sensing-computing neuromorphic chip.Nature Communications, 15(1):4464, 2024
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 757e4372-a2eb-445f-885a-b54552407b0f · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models Guess the Instruction! Flipped Learning Makes Language Models Stronger Zero-Shot Learners
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.
Observation 16160aab-b9f0-4466-8015-4885d162ad6a · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models SpikeZIP-TF: Conversion is All You Need for Transformer-based SNN
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9eb69945-cd47-4df2-8bfb-e4803e8ee0c0 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models The remarkable robustness of surrogate gradient learning for instilling complex function in spiking neural networks.Neural computation, 33(4):899–925, 2021
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b2770edf-ec6e-4ef0-913b-97418bd0cd88 · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d1f2b0ed-19c2-4956-9905-a04137307e8a · outbound
LAS: Loss-less ANN-SNN Conversion for Fully Spike-Driven Large Language Models SpikeGPT: Generative Pre-trained Language Model with Spiking Neural Networks
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.