Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network | Paper Citation Record

Observation b46880ed-f380-4a93-b8ce-9f2c52c56de4 · outbound

This paper cites The Bitcoin Lightning Network: Scalable Off- Chain Instant Payments,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network The Bitcoin Lightning Network: Scalable Off- Chain Instant Payments,

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:36.357689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2fa17c51-4cc2-4b11-870a-f0fe946540b3 · outbound

This paper cites Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:36.423422Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b3d7685f-8ead-4a75-9996-6792b2050b31 · outbound

This paper cites Year-over-Year Data Shows Rising Lightning Network Adoption|CoinGate,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Year-over-Year Data Shows Rising Lightning Network Adoption|CoinGate,

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:36.513320Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2ff0eb33-2603-497f-acb1-d0604130365f · outbound

This paper cites (2024) BOLT: Basis of Lightning Technology (Lightning Network In-Progress Specifications).

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network (2024) BOLT: Basis of Lightning Technology (Lightning Network In-Progress Specifications)

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:36.576359Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 67616834-d69e-431c-a404-b927bdcd0af0 · outbound

This paper cites The temporal logic of actions,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network The temporal logic of actions,

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:36.670234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8139de9c-35ba-4b40-b314-87fe5b005cf0 · outbound

This paper cites USA: Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., 2002.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network USA: Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., 2002

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:36.745455Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5816aa7e-4dae-4773-a956-c7374abcf59a · outbound

This paper cites (2025) TLA+ Toolbox.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network (2025) TLA+ Toolbox

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:36.778641Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b8f2016f-69ba-4b29-84bb-ec72a0c3e04c · outbound

This paper cites (2025) Apalache — The Symbolic Model Checker for TLA+.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network (2025) Apalache — The Symbolic Model Checker for TLA+

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:36.841495Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 77e955c8-1e4f-4bc1-b7fe-be19dadf4204 · outbound

This paper cites (2025) TLA+ Proof System.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network (2025) TLA+ Proof System

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:36.877533Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b9ffc88f-3370-4622-aac3-37b0e5b80606 · outbound

This paper cites Automata for modeling real-time systems,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Automata for modeling real-time systems,

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:58.959857Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation d4013ebc-c908-45e4-a8d9-fd0b214c39f5 · outbound

This paper cites Formal specification and verification,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Formal specification and verification,

Reference 11

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:43.205314Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 7d378470-1f75-46cb-91f8-97db8e2bc362 · outbound

This paper cites A Systematic Liter- ature Review on a Decade of Industrial TLA+ Practice,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network A Systematic Liter- ature Review on a Decade of Industrial TLA+ Practice,

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:58.771620Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation d51b8de0-f9e7-43a4-93c6-5ec6726e4bbc · outbound

This paper cites The existence of refinement mappings,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network The existence of refinement mappings,

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:58.583292Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 909cbf23-5226-4775-ab28-85c6b4abf21d · outbound

This paper cites Kronos: A model-checking tool for real-time systems,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Kronos: A model-checking tool for real-time systems,

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:58.371273Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 9c1bf485-7ecf-4d5e-846c-113df2f350ca · outbound

This paper cites Uppaal in a nutshell,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Uppaal in a nutshell,

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:58.165690Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation ea5cd35b-4852-4ab3-9539-a16769cb841a · outbound

This paper cites Real-Time Model Checking Is Really Simple,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Real-Time Model Checking Is Really Simple,

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:57.963215Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 1c8be0b3-261f-4bf5-bb33-f446be01a8aa · outbound

This paper cites Modeling Bitcoin Contracts by Timed Automata,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Modeling Bitcoin Contracts by Timed Automata,

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:57.745201Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation c164cd2c-6c45-446f-a8b2-8caf12f11fa3 · outbound

This paper cites Modelling Bitcoin in Agda.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Modelling Bitcoin in Agda

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:37.540032Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 29cf53e6-36dc-4020-868b-e674f52213ce · outbound

This paper cites A Brief Overview of Agda – A Functional Language with Dependent Types,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network A Brief Overview of Agda – A Functional Language with Dependent Types,

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:57.551168Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 7dadb9ff-c0b9-42b8-a382-9af8656413ff · outbound

This paper cites A Blockchain Model in Tamarin and Formal Analysis of Hash Time Lock Contract,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network A Blockchain Model in Tamarin and Formal Analysis of Hash Time Lock Contract,

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:37.637155Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 16572684-e148-4f18-91ac-926f30280f16 · outbound

This paper cites Secrecy and Authenticity Properties of the Lightning Network Protocol,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Secrecy and Authenticity Properties of the Lightning Network Protocol,

Reference 21

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:57.315423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 3817a67f-e435-40bf-a8a7-3d7cd7d0129c · outbound

This paper cites Key Agreement in the Lightning Network Protocol,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Key Agreement in the Lightning Network Protocol,

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:57.102855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 2e5ea6c7-a0a0-413e-bad4-23a8aedb2b46 · outbound

This paper cites Towards a Game- Theoretic Security Analysis of Off-Chain Protocols,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Towards a Game- Theoretic Security Analysis of Off-Chain Protocols,

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:56.900534Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 1865d77b-1e82-4433-a74e-ee91658988f8 · outbound

This paper cites CheckMate: Automated Game-Theoretic Security Reasoning,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network CheckMate: Automated Game-Theoretic Security Reasoning,

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:56.681814Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 9ade1dde-8efc-4fa3-bc90-b604a5df6ee9 · outbound

This paper cites A Composable Security Treatment of the Lightning Network,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network A Composable Security Treatment of the Lightning Network,

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:56.487159Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 0100439e-c8a4-445c-a097-e9e382a65a61 · outbound

This paper cites Universally composable security: a new paradigm for cryptographic protocols,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Universally composable security: a new paradigm for cryptographic protocols,

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:56.224447Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 4e045639-4bbf-4a69-a371-a654d6a3f0a5 · outbound

This paper cites Payout Races and Congested Channels: A Formal Analysis of Security in the Lightning Network,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Payout Races and Congested Channels: A Formal Analysis of Security in the Lightning Network,

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:56.052970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 5f636f7b-929e-4560-8afe-f28bb90e96a8 · outbound

This paper cites A Formally Verified Lightning Network,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network A Formally Verified Lightning Network,

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:55.889114Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation b67b3791-cc9f-4a8f-a486-5d153bccf368 · outbound

This paper cites A Blockchain Model in Tamarin and Formal Analysis of Hash Time Lock Contract,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network A Blockchain Model in Tamarin and Formal Analysis of Hash Time Lock Contract,

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:55.672703Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation e7621ede-1f82-4a2a-a6f2-cb4fdb14fad8 · outbound

This paper cites Modeling Urgency in Timed Sys- tems,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Modeling Urgency in Timed Sys- tems,

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:55.427050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 9f60cb37-c983-4ac7-ba1e-7e67b93446c0 · outbound

This paper cites Baier and J.-P.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Baier and J.-P

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:55.182944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation e1e3429b-239b-4128-975f-a4cf0129fcec · outbound

This paper cites The Observational Power of Clocks,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network The Observational Power of Clocks,

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:54.891860Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 0df248cc-dbdc-4c6b-a34b-ff0d68c69a64 · outbound

This paper cites Analysis of Timed Systems Using Time- Abstracting Bisimulations,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Analysis of Timed Systems Using Time- Abstracting Bisimulations,

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:54.651939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 1ecb8608-a287-4160-80fe-b0a2e27ec37d · outbound

This paper cites IronFleet: proving practical distributed systems correct,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network IronFleet: proving practical distributed systems correct,

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:54.421731Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation febec4bf-0026-4be5-98c4-b67cb927e416 · outbound

This paper cites IronFleet: proving safety and liveness of practical distributed systems,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network IronFleet: proving safety and liveness of practical distributed systems,

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:54.159091Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 6daf489d-bd9e-4e3c-964f-e2bdc9b5287c · outbound

This paper cites Dafny: An Automatic Program Verifier for Functional Correctness,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Dafny: An Automatic Program Verifier for Functional Correctness,

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:53.944876Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 17f07ec6-a2e8-4747-9f39-db7013214352 · outbound

This paper cites Smart Casual Verification of the Confidential Consortium Framework.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Smart Casual Verification of the Confidential Consortium Framework

Reference 37

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:42.907888Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 2349cf5d-5178-44b7-bc92-e22cf7023791 · outbound

This paper cites The TAMARIN Prover for the Symbolic Analysis of Security Protocols,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network The TAMARIN Prover for the Symbolic Analysis of Security Protocols,

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:53.730602Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 158150a6-d48e-4d98-9041-ff98f1600880 · outbound

This paper cites Modeling and Verifying Security Protocols with the Applied Pi Calculus and ProVerif,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Modeling and Verifying Security Protocols with the Applied Pi Calculus and ProVerif,

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:53.524213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 9cd555a7-c5b0-490a-8ad4-01d015537c3c · outbound

This paper cites Tamarin: Verification of Large-Scale, Real-World, Cryptographic Protocols,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Tamarin: Verification of Large-Scale, Real-World, Cryptographic Protocols,

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:53.362832Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 205ecf6e-9a20-481f-aecf-836156c9c504 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:53.183239Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation f7aa1114-45b6-46d5-8c37-b40b90eac72c · outbound

This paper cites The Security Protocol Verifier ProVerif and its Horn Clause Resolution Algorithm.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network The Security Protocol Verifier ProVerif and its Horn Clause Resolution Algorithm

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:39.449494Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 28f2ecb3-3ab1-4afe-b353-42b1e7fdfe19 · outbound

This paper cites (2024) BOLT 2: Peer Protocol for Channel Management.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network (2024) BOLT 2: Peer Protocol for Channel Management

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:52.993817Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation a76414bf-b43e-48a4-9a99-8ca0b188d8c4 · outbound

This paper cites LockDown: Balance Availability Attack Against Lightning Network Channels,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network LockDown: Balance Availability Attack Against Lightning Network Channels,

Reference 44

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:52.779708Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation c96f1114-4c71-4aff-a548-87b264f04128 · outbound

This paper cites Congestion Attacks in Payment Channel Networks,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Congestion Attacks in Payment Channel Networks,

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:52.571314Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 9d894142-872a-432e-aac4-d291fc04d356 · outbound

This paper cites Discharged Payment Chan- nels: Quantifying the Lightning Network’s Resilience to Topology-Based Attacks,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Discharged Payment Chan- nels: Quantifying the Lightning Network’s Resilience to Topology-Based Attacks,

Reference 46

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:52.409373Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 157035bf-88ef-4d15-bf20-7f7602870cd5 · outbound

This paper cites General Congestion Attack on HTLC-Based Payment Channel Networks,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network General Congestion Attack on HTLC-Based Payment Channel Networks,

Reference 47

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:42.416628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation bfd9049b-93e1-4729-97a0-1a9f3aa9bb6a · outbound

This paper cites Route Hijacking and DoS in Off-Chain Networks,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Route Hijacking and DoS in Off-Chain Networks,

Reference 48

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:52.235924Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation d19d3e06-dff6-4881-8a15-afbd67eea431 · outbound

This paper cites Anonymous Multi-Hop Locks for Blockchain Scalability and Interoperability,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Anonymous Multi-Hop Locks for Blockchain Scalability and Interoperability,

Reference 49

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:52.019245Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 1c3a98a1-bf99-423f-9e44-d34c4a16baff · outbound

This paper cites A Quantitative Analysis of Security, Anonymity and Scalability for the Lightning Network,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network A Quantitative Analysis of Security, Anonymity and Scalability for the Lightning Network,

Reference 50

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:51.773393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation e18289db-e8f6-451a-993a-6653865fff2d · outbound

This paper cites On the Difficulty of Hiding the Balance of Lightning Network Channels,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network On the Difficulty of Hiding the Balance of Lightning Network Channels,

Reference 51

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:51.514250Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 98045264-e440-41c1-bac4-72a1232d7075 · outbound

This paper cites Improvements of the Balance Discovery Attack on Lightning Network Payment Channels,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Improvements of the Balance Discovery Attack on Lightning Network Payment Channels,

Reference 52

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:51.261489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 29da9b4c-9b2f-4c4c-8585-0c56221a97ea · outbound

This paper cites Counting Down Thunder: Timing Attacks on Privacy in Payment Channel Networks,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Counting Down Thunder: Timing Attacks on Privacy in Payment Channel Networks,

Reference 53

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:51.068466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation d5cbe398-7e56-42bb-8213-d1ddd8adda65 · outbound

This paper cites An Empirical Analysis of Privacy in the Lightning Network,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network An Empirical Analysis of Privacy in the Lightning Network,

Reference 54

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:50.799534Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation b24ada91-04f5-4cfb-88cb-4ea783d1d409 · outbound

This paper cites Cross-Layer Deanonymization Methods in the Lightning Protocol,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Cross-Layer Deanonymization Methods in the Lightning Protocol,

Reference 55

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:50.457595Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation deadb889-1c10-41e1-8145-a50bcedaea10 · outbound

This paper cites How Lightning’s Routing Diminishes its Anonymity,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network How Lightning’s Routing Diminishes its Anonymity,

Reference 56

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:50.120396Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation b01f0c17-a4c3-4276-a73e-446ee96adf66 · outbound

This paper cites Analysis and Probing of Parallel Channels in the Lightning Network,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Analysis and Probing of Parallel Channels in the Lightning Network,

Reference 57

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:49.983780Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 9b70afb0-7f02-486f-a8ef-b0a2f9b9ec37 · outbound

This paper cites On the (Not So) Surprising Impact of Multi- Path Payments on Performance And Privacy in the Lightning Network,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network On the (Not So) Surprising Impact of Multi- Path Payments on Performance And Privacy in the Lightning Network,

Reference 58

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:49.862092Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 15499963-ee38-46ad-bc5c-34b7456cc2a4 · outbound

This paper cites Flood & Loot: A Systemic Attack on The Lightning Network,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Flood & Loot: A Systemic Attack on The Lightning Network,

Reference 59

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:49.758130Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 405279ef-8ff2-428d-89ee-e9db2e95f0da · outbound

This paper cites Time-Dilation Attacks on the Lightning Network.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Time-Dilation Attacks on the Lightning Network

Reference 60

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:42.678636Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation a8590a40-73c7-447e-b268-7196ac083c60 · outbound

This paper cites Timelocked Brib- ing,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Timelocked Brib- ing,

Reference 61

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:49.583189Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 4643de73-bf72-4a02-acb4-d17747fd0e3c · outbound

This paper cites Mass Exit Attacks on the Lightning Network,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Mass Exit Attacks on the Lightning Network,

Reference 62

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:49.448507Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 63edbe43-0b5a-41ab-b07a-8c3635b0212c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Unresolved cited work

Reference 63

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:49.262166Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 53166d34-04c4-49a6-8f73-880f1282985a · outbound

This paper cites Validating Traces of Distributed Programs Against TLA+ Specifications,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Validating Traces of Distributed Programs Against TLA+ Specifications,

Reference 64

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:48.939440Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation c9e47531-7476-46fc-8078-e1436a6a9d71 · outbound

This paper cites A Composable Security Treatment of the Lightning Network,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network A Composable Security Treatment of the Lightning Network,

Reference 65

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:48.606439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation c5c7daf7-8ad4-478e-a3ee-276db1ff7e86 · outbound

This paper cites How to write a 21st century proof,.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network How to write a 21st century proof,

Reference 66

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:48.257328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation c7fbe639-d029-40ef-8c50-de149331fc6d · outbound

This paper cites If a user wants to receive a payment, the user creates an invoice and sends it to the user who wants to send the payment.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network If a user wants to receive a payment, the user creates an invoice and sends it to the user who wants to send the payment

Reference 67

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:47.880635Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation db9867fd-4675-4db8-b1d2-4ce26f250b3b · outbound

This paper cites The formalization describes all possible actions how a user of the payment channel initiates transactions or reacts to messages or events.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network The formalization describes all possible actions how a user of the payment channel initiates transactions or reacts to messages or events

Reference 68

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:47.695398Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 01e8eb47-4e48-415f-9ba9-95d92d02dc0e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Unresolved cited work

Reference 69

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:47.479244Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 64068870-42d9-407f-aa0a-699bbf60d681 · outbound

This paper cites To reduce the risk of being tracked by third parties, each user in Lightning has a set of private and public keys of which each key is used for one specific purpose.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network To reduce the risk of being tracked by third parties, each user in Lightning has a set of private and public keys of which each key is used for one specific purpose

Reference 70

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:47.280479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 6a8e8495-5620-459c-9923-f74d6643cb75 · outbound

This paper cites Here, we explain these keys as they are used in Lightning.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Here, we explain these keys as they are used in Lightning

Reference 71

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:47.059037Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 7a1b917b-8ddf-47df-988e-07e6cbb3e98f · outbound

This paper cites What is left are the revocation public keys that are derived from the revocation basepoint of one user and theotheruser’s per commitment point.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network What is left are the revocation public keys that are derived from the revocation basepoint of one user and theotheruser’s per commitment point

Reference 72

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:46.891006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 2806beba-82fa-4a92-82a2-2b522b3eb3cd · outbound

This paper cites The commitment transaction has one input that references the funding transaction’s output.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network The commitment transaction has one input that references the funding transaction’s output

Reference 73

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:46.626379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 5db8dfab-8533-4b42-a99f-fb194b07e540 · outbound

This paper cites An output of a transaction is a record that contains an id, an amount, and a set of conditions of which one needs to be fulfilled to spend the output.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network An output of a transaction is a record that contains an id, an amount, and a set of conditions of which one needs to be fulfilled to spend the output

Reference 74

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:46.314268Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 20284df0-e297-40b4-b519-423966176bc5 · outbound

This paper cites The open channel message contains several fields for the parameterization of the channel that we ignore for the TLA + formalization (see Table IX).

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network The open channel message contains several fields for the parameterization of the channel that we ignore for the TLA + formalization (see Table IX)

Reference 75

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:46.103599Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation cd1f5e0c-47ca-43f6-ba88-167e7cf704c3 · outbound

This paper cites As in the module HTLCUser, the actions of the module PaymentChannelUser are parameterized for a specific useruand a payment channel cof useru.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network As in the module HTLCUser, the actions of the module PaymentChannelUser are parameterized for a specific useruand a payment channel cof useru

Reference 76

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:45.892385Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 40c41c4d-31bd-4b8d-a52c-6007f0cbe2af · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Unresolved cited work

Reference 77

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:45.644608Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 8981edcb-c75d-4244-a2c4-125287525662 · outbound

This paper cites The actions find HTLCs to be updated by the states of the HTLCs and update the states of the HTLCs according to Fig.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network The actions find HTLCs to be updated by the states of the HTLCs and update the states of the HTLCs according to Fig

Reference 78

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:45.360496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation b6db94bb-2df2-4b5f-82d4-9610d5a1ee13 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Unresolved cited work

Reference 79

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:45.117721Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 8216a4fd-e16a-4e37-bdea-ae39222e101f · outbound

This paper cites This can either be done honestly modeled by the action ‘CloseChannel’ or dishonestly modeled by the action ‘Cheat’.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network This can either be done honestly modeled by the action ‘CloseChannel’ or dishonestly modeled by the action ‘Cheat’

Reference 80

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:44.859523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 4056b24a-4fcb-46b1-a2bc-0b44fdf3f16a · outbound

This paper cites A message is sent by an action that specifies that the channel’s message queue is extended by the message that is sent.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network A message is sent by an action that specifies that the channel’s message queue is extended by the message that is sent

Reference 81

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:44.702456Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 8d12b570-d1a1-4a89-9af4-d4ca40a88873 · outbound

This paper cites The values used in Lightning for timelocks are numbers that indicate a specific height of the Bitcoin blockchain.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network The values used in Lightning for timelocks are numbers that indicate a specific height of the Bitcoin blockchain

Reference 82

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:44.557789Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 0f63a71a-f6de-423e-8618-ecb715bbd89c · outbound

This paper cites Therefore, to model honest behavior of user B, we need to model that user B performs an action before the variable LedgerTime reaches the value 10.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Therefore, to model honest behavior of user B, we need to model that user B performs an action before the variable LedgerTime reaches the value 10

Reference 83

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:44.407622Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 63c1d8f0-ef27-4f7f-ab62-41642ced930c · outbound

This paper cites For example, a user must respond to a ‘commitment signed’ message with a ‘revoke and ack’ message.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network For example, a user must respond to a ‘commitment signed’ message with a ‘revoke and ack’ message

Reference 84

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:44.201411Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation a6e7c5b1-4119-40ef-a9c8-0652ba39e326 · outbound

This paper cites The specificationSpec S must be an explicit-time real-time spec- ification with a set of clocksXand anAdvanceTime S action.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network The specificationSpec S must be an explicit-time real-time spec- ification with a set of clocksXand anAdvanceTime S action

Reference 85

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:44.072684Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 43569938-a81d-428c-992c-a14e59679c62 · outbound

This paper cites Thus, the only difference between specificationsSand ˆSis how time is advanced by theAdvanceTimeactions.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Thus, the only difference between specificationsSand ˆSis how time is advanced by theAdvanceTimeactions

Reference 86

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:43.926918Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation f1cdfc45-77a2-4e40-baef-16e863af48da · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Unresolved cited work

Reference 87

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:43.828888Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 08aa54f3-4b58-4012-a410-9f9301f4022b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Unresolved cited work

Reference 88

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:43.646888Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 0a3d029a-c8f8-4a6f-8761-6613da6bec09 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Model Checking the Security of the Lightning Network Unresolved cited work

Reference 89

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:17:43.426535Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Coverage vector

Reference resolution

Outbound references

Pith citing papers