Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 36 of 36 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.16520.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.16520 v3

Coverage vector

measured 36 of 36 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:07.438369Z

measured 36 of 36 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

36 of 36 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy3
unresolved33
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 6f746dfd-1b2c-4f01-99f7-7248c6eb08d1 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:04.462024Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b6141754-3ef2-4df0-8e8e-acbf994f77c3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:04.508619Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5aaf3c01-2c2e-4c52-b274-d5829cba0dde · outbound

This paper cites Mitchell.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Mitchell

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:09.896303Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 47963c8f-10ff-43ad-b695-4ff382def5e5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:09.683304Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 5775730f-1737-4b3b-afdd-9c86d91cc2da · outbound

This paper cites Hamprecht, and Boaz Nadler.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Hamprecht, and Boaz Nadler

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:09.400367Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 23413ca2-6ffe-41c4-ab1f-82c3100367c4 · outbound

This paper cites The Alternative Annotator Test for LLM-as-a-Judge: How to Statistically Justify Replacing Human Annotators with LLMs.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs The Alternative Annotator Test for LLM-as-a-Judge: How to Statistically Justify Replacing Human Annotators with LLMs

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:04.898211Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e401eeed-05fd-4b51-9833-dca3af2be218 · outbound

This paper cites INSIDE: LLMs' Internal States Retain the Power of Hallucination Detection.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs INSIDE: LLMs' Internal States Retain the Power of Hallucination Detection

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:04.995320Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e7b673d-440c-40fd-a819-daecf5bb3ad3 · outbound

This paper cites What you can cram into a single vector: Probing sentence embeddings for linguistic properties.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs What you can cram into a single vector: Probing sentence embeddings for linguistic properties

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:05.057166Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a9b319af-46af-4189-b168-d04f4fb4c27a · outbound

This paper cites Large Legal Fictions: Profiling Legal Hallucinations in Large Language Models.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Large Legal Fictions: Profiling Legal Hallucinations in Large Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:05.178245Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c051520a-42d6-43e3-8086-e4102ba2220b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:09.146837Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 69935c10-2249-47bc-a6cc-175c9d58d563 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:08.866758Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 2aca0df5-d649-4738-a9b0-a16efcaddfe2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:05.426251Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6929fc05-553d-42ef-a768-d9f1c73d09a4 · outbound

This paper cites Do Membership Inference Attacks Work on Large Language Models?.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Do Membership Inference Attacks Work on Large Language Models?

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:05.514546Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation de03ddab-6b43-4a41-a723-aa2a8d3c8309 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:05.565932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation da88e3cb-288e-498d-9034-93e3d252d4fa · outbound

This paper cites Inside-Out: Hidden Factual Knowledge in LLMs.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Inside-Out: Hidden Factual Knowledge in LLMs

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:05.634120Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 70aa8bb2-e9a0-4018-8c32-f1f899a6b718 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judge.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judge

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:05.731085Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ada64956-0d8e-4359-9937-49fa8a3ef062 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:05.815084Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation da910526-91ef-4835-b0a0-fde0a96784fa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:08.574970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 47ad58c7-3205-41fa-b68a-841a9bb137c3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:06.007291Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ea73ff35-5cef-405a-8688-b10738e04a09 · outbound

This paper cites Weld, and Luke Zettlemoyer.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Weld, and Luke Zettlemoyer

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:08.402379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 3de52adf-a15a-472e-9053-a5980aeb5919 · outbound

This paper cites Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:06.179335Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2c12f11a-6038-4caf-803b-667d74407eeb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:06.305195Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d932dc3c-938e-4a1c-abdb-dc4276cf8b30 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:08.233913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 0f0bc96e-0e84-40a1-b6ce-3baf0fbc86cf · outbound

This paper cites The Geometry of Truth: Emergent Linear Structure in Large Language Model Representations of True/False Datasets.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs The Geometry of Truth: Emergent Linear Structure in Large Language Model Representations of True/False Datasets

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:06.493121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 324ec045-6160-4146-906f-f4ff42156a10 · outbound

This paper cites LLMs Know More Than They Show: On the Intrinsic Representation of LLM Hallucinations.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs LLMs Know More Than They Show: On the Intrinsic Representation of LLM Hallucinations

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:06.578961Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 651be3e3-f819-43e8-b687-e875ed9ea354 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Reliable Medical Question Answering: Techniques and Challenges in Mitigating Hallucinations in Language Models.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Towards Reliable Medical Question Answering: Techniques and Challenges in Mitigating Hallucinations in Language Models

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:06.678866Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 783c7eab-2c42-4fe2-81fd-379d67145a4e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:08.095411Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 2fbcc1b8-36d1-41ca-80c4-36eb4dc57953 · outbound

This paper cites What do you learn from context? Probing for sentence structure in contextualized word representations.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs What do you learn from context? Probing for sentence structure in contextualized word representations

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:06.847739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3989fb0b-e32b-4bba-ac34-ff6c029fdc36 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:06.937308Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2b3a2c71-b04c-4b8a-9e61-f6f0c699f9c6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:07.919296Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation bcf8a1cd-57fa-4d56-b447-6bf376c0394a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:07.059235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7880f7e5-8b53-4dc3-9279-57f3a672972f · outbound

This paper cites OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:07.161664Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1b4c333e-9a8b-4623-b143-543100e18442 · outbound

This paper cites Transferable and Efficient Non-Factual Content Detection via Probe Training with Offline Consistency Checking.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Transferable and Efficient Non-Factual Content Detection via Probe Training with Offline Consistency Checking

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:07.257235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a429cb0a-f06b-4f48-8088-f8237f24b6f9 · outbound

This paper cites Siren's Song in the AI Ocean: A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs Siren's Song in the AI Ocean: A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:07.318671Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bc5b57c1-494d-4e7f-9486-9d044450a855 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:07.378146Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 45561664-59c5-410c-9926-2a996b74290a · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Are the Hidden States Hiding Something? Testing the Limits of Factuality-Encoding Capabilities in LLMs write newline

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:04:07.438369Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.