Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language?

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 53 of 53 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.16998.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.16998 v1

Coverage vector

measured 53 of 53 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:18.599349Z

measured 53 of 53 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

53 of 53 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved53
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 6c7de9fa-e065-4966-8fa2-57e70a23028c · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:14.658738Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 66da4b50-8837-415a-b8c0-4a5b6dd415db · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Qwen Technical Report

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:14.705132Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e677de2f-71a9-45a7-a52b-2056581f99c3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:24.540660Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 0b259939-b852-4560-ae4e-023784a87b3e · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:14.822389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 23ac9679-d4a6-4990-b910-fe5c8ad97c27 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:24.409043Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation df0d59f0-98f3-4cc6-8a4f-33b92f67fbad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:24.319554Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 0142441a-0249-4c8b-bc2f-144b7dba5034 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:15.058135Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cc323bb1-4033-46b7-a623-669ec2cf0bb8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:24.189259Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation d48f19e3-bc24-4ec0-8d72-bb90c9436c2c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:24.055726Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 7e05e8ee-6bbf-4449-97f5-0c66b624a8b0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:23.901376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c14b7701-3a50-4cdd-a841-dc4bb4440777 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:23.769503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 809d7c80-a9ae-4835-9c79-f2c894299363 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:15.406208Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b16244c9-0273-4293-af65-11dba7e0e89b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:23.595593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 101a67c2-0d7e-492a-a5b2-3e939898daf7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:23.421088Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 3cbd9fff-cf40-4e7a-beb6-1061b688614f · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:15.772503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2cdeb301-79bf-4a81-9cb1-81cc87c6d850 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:23.261594Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 2cdff682-f2bb-4579-92a6-40009454f941 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:23.128261Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5d9d2dbc-2ff3-455d-881e-587b399c8cf6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:23.017687Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation d380dc2d-0fff-47eb-94cf-3d9480f06ffd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation eb7e8847-5ffd-44c6-9aa3-af7f4a129e46 · outbound

This paper cites BIG-Bench Extra Hard.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? BIG-Bench Extra Hard

Reference 20

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 96ce911b-f318-4551-938d-99ee12f347f8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:16.275357Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 268d4458-9678-48a5-81f8-3631094c35d7 · outbound

This paper cites Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:16.366965Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c6dc0f63-5538-4a03-8685-279b149ef224 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b6e01ddb-5b1e-4298-b4d6-1896771f3b8d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:16.551287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 089c168e-ab3d-4757-9223-039a73306a51 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:22.467235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 303743fd-b2ad-4d22-94e4-2b363556f193 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ec6545b3-87a6-453d-81b6-782dd0b751b5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 30d48536-e071-41fe-8182-bf7d2ca6f809 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:22.192840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5f45eac0-abe4-44d0-959a-1126f14bd2a5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:22.059113Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation eac11577-8599-4d4d-a354-d95de4ed1a0c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation f9be5e4f-ab87-493d-af30-948cbed8c42e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:21.816796Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 1427c1ce-122c-477b-8b75-e91e8ad44439 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:21.664658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b73494fc-e5c8-4562-9725-ff863769780d · outbound

This paper cites Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Them.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Them

Reference 33

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 137c433e-5507-4dd8-8fc6-cbd81eb54771 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:21.519698Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation c5ab2aef-4ef9-4764-9f13-fa776b4a59a7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 2f88664d-4a08-4965-a4b8-bb69417e4560 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:21.190934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation b3ba3828-d87b-455d-b822-44b5d1a19191 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3b60fa91-e461-4471-b00d-8873fea62e7e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:20.956191Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 050e9977-952c-477e-b377-b5fdea4e18f7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation a36935be-7c2a-4cf5-b781-333530a5bf0a · outbound

This paper cites Can Large Language Models Learn Formal Logic? A Data-Driven Training and Evaluation Framework.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Can Large Language Models Learn Formal Logic? A Data-Driven Training and Evaluation Framework

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:17.680028Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ca608db8-6b78-4f60-acac-53d8d037c4b7 · outbound

This paper cites Strategies for Improving NL-to-FOL Translation with LLMs: Data Generation, Incremental Fine-Tuning, and Verification.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Strategies for Improving NL-to-FOL Translation with LLMs: Data Generation, Incremental Fine-Tuning, and Verification

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:17.740445Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 93734a9f-b2c2-4aa6-bab0-274948bfab36 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:20.413598Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 346e63d9-9325-4271-ad06-06abd9fb1153 · outbound

This paper cites Harnessing the Power of Large Language Models for Natural Language to First-Order Logic Translation.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Harnessing the Power of Large Language Models for Natural Language to First-Order Logic Translation

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:17.891901Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6fd04b2b-bd46-4dac-b96c-c1890cf4394b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 4e8d0ea3-59db-4e6f-b84d-7c1d4a2ae2aa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 5516aad5-e0d7-421d-a0c7-15cf2a000a50 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 5e5333ec-e812-4ce7-a91f-7a103ed2f798 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 985ebc39-ede5-4cb5-8767-993f127ea823 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

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Observation 82aae4aa-784b-4879-8674-3075213b160c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation aa27a10d-0af9-40b3-90cd-75aa82d376b0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 8ca897db-57cf-4c8f-a2eb-9cfce567a8a7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:55:19.040696Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 1caaebb4-da3d-456d-9ff1-9cb13d959431 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 52

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 014ddb42-fc24-46b1-afd0-e2974e2f40df · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Do Large Language Models Excel in Complex Logical Reasoning with Formal Language? write newline

Reference 53

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.