Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 41 of 41 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.21109.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.21109 v1

Coverage vector

measured 41 of 41 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:19.119237Z

measured 41 of 41 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

41 of 41 outbound references displayed

verified exact4
verified fuzzy25
unresolved7
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier5
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 23a5d96a-75c8-4e11-8519-6fca093876aa · outbound

This paper cites “OpenAI.” https://openai.com.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction “OpenAI.” https://openai.com

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:26.306428Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 610a89db-8201-463e-bd2d-6aef4044ecf0 · outbound

This paper cites “Gemini.” https://gemini.google.com/app.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction “Gemini.” https://gemini.google.com/app

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:26.094628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 1c06685d-f9fc-49eb-bcf6-ac8baca2b820 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 3

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:14.495637Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c35cacc6-ce1f-4023-9b82-ae83a4b78d8e · outbound

This paper cites From Language Models to Practical Self-Improving Computer Agents.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction From Language Models to Practical Self-Improving Computer Agents

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:20.509610Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 8c35abd7-cf79-4aa7-9919-8a7a037ecca2 · outbound

This paper cites The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:14.656509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1c8df4c8-4848-4d61-a7f7-76b61fcfe7f9 · outbound

This paper cites ReAct — Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction ReAct — Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:25.857622Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 96b10130-8514-4e3d-8bf0-8a36d0d4d6d2 · outbound

This paper cites Data-driven innovation: What is it?.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Data-driven innovation: What is it?

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:25.633947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 778bc98c-c82b-418d-8162-238869dbf03a · outbound

This paper cites A data-driven approach for creative concept gener- ation and evaluation.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction A data-driven approach for creative concept gener- ation and evaluation

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:25.355198Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c4dd6ab9-fa65-4781-bbf2-bcaf01411316 · outbound

This paper cites EW-Tune: A FrameworkforPrivatelyFine-TuningLargeLanguageMod- els with Differential Privacy.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction EW-Tune: A FrameworkforPrivatelyFine-TuningLargeLanguageMod- els with Differential Privacy

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:25.251535Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 11cb460c-d4da-4bdd-8a3e-26718d7d869c · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the limits of transfer learning withaunifiedtext-to-texttransformer.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Exploring the limits of transfer learning withaunifiedtext-to-texttransformer

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:25.094263Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 259d55dd-0b9d-4125-a906-b8a96651a5c2 · outbound

This paper cites Languagemodelsare unsupervisedmultitasklearners.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Languagemodelsare unsupervisedmultitasklearners

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:24.897979Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation bd0d2b1a-9085-4b8b-8ca8-8661daae4275 · outbound

This paper cites AttentionisAllyouNeed.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction AttentionisAllyouNeed

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:24.693819Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 0c29a3a3-91f5-4a02-9c5e-cc5e2a5af913 · outbound

This paper cites meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:24.521498Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c83faa44-fb73-413a-ae47-e71d920863db · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:15.473525Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ec8b88e4-4b2e-48a0-ab07-e377e4d93918 · outbound

This paper cites Causal Parrots: Large Lan- guage Models May Talk Causality But Are Not Causal.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Causal Parrots: Large Lan- guage Models May Talk Causality But Are Not Causal

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:24.343603Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation a8a1f837-03ac-4926-b388-f8d42cbd9462 · outbound

This paper cites Knowledge Overshadowing Causes Amalgamated Hallucination in Large Language Models.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Knowledge Overshadowing Causes Amalgamated Hallucination in Large Language Models

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:15.766537Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2809eeee-e6b0-4d69-8f9d-97a80ede640c · outbound

This paper cites Conceptual Design Generation Using Large Language Mod- els.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Conceptual Design Generation Using Large Language Mod- els

Reference 17

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:24.194853Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 7c4b36a7-9d5c-40d6-9679-6b2041b38593 · outbound

This paper cites Augmenting human innovation teams with arti- ficial intelligence: Exploring transformer-based language models.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Augmenting human innovation teams with arti- ficial intelligence: Exploring transformer-based language models

Reference 18

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:23.977587Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation f39037b7-91fa-4896-b247-0f7b37047d78 · outbound

This paper cites Artificial intelligence prompt engineering as a new digital competence: Anal- ysis of generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Artificial intelligence prompt engineering as a new digital competence: Anal- ysis of generative AI technologies such as ChatGPT

Reference 19

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:20.354730Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 52ca97b8-f104-45be-8c6d-b91590acb696 · outbound

This paper cites A Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Evaluation of ChatGPT on Reasoning, Hallucination, and Interactivity.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction A Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Evaluation of ChatGPT on Reasoning, Hallucination, and Interactivity

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:16.364579Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 388669ea-1f38-459f-b53b-525bcc88f6c1 · outbound

This paper cites Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learners.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learners

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:23.660525Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation d94bb597-0046-4af5-81ca-07cc1ad6f6f9 · outbound

This paper cites LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applications

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:16.575098Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b08bb37a-b6db-4969-862a-65a39c98c116 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient Hierarchical Domain Adaptation for Pretrained Language Models.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Efficient Hierarchical Domain Adaptation for Pretrained Language Models

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:23.330405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 7ac8ef22-f9a9-450c-92e2-46e1d968fa94 · outbound

This paper cites LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:23.116858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 674c9750-33fb-4187-b3e0-e2c3afce69eb · outbound

This paper cites Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:22.772591Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 179ef7ef-71a7-4bf4-825a-324a2dc89dc6 · outbound

This paper cites Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation: AStudyofBestPractices.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation: AStudyofBestPractices

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:22.563831Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 207642cb-adee-4873-8ce8-e7f54f10696b · outbound

This paper cites Im- proving large language model applications in biomedicine with retrieval-augmented generation: a systematic re- view, meta-analysis, and clinical development guide- lines.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Im- proving large language model applications in biomedicine with retrieval-augmented generation: a systematic re- view, meta-analysis, and clinical development guide- lines

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:17.134042Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ddaa0105-963f-4a7b-aeba-6ca77032942a · outbound

This paper cites Question-Based Retrieval using Atomic Units for Enterprise RAG.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Question-Based Retrieval using Atomic Units for Enterprise RAG

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:22.369260Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation d757ffbb-c16e-4dcc-868b-09995f52ce99 · outbound

This paper cites Benchmarking Large Language Models in Retrieval-Augmented Generation.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Benchmarking Large Language Models in Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Reference 29

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:21.980111Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 697beca4-8e54-4bd7-bf3e-21ef38648668 · outbound

This paper cites In- formation Extraction of Aviation Accident Causation Knowledge Graph: An LLM-Based Approach.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction In- formation Extraction of Aviation Accident Causation Knowledge Graph: An LLM-Based Approach

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:19.957190Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 2d5898a4-4317-4924-b7da-fd35d5bfe4fc · outbound

This paper cites MechBERT: Language Models for Extracting Chemical 9 and Property Relationships about Mechanical Stress and Strain.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction MechBERT: Language Models for Extracting Chemical 9 and Property Relationships about Mechanical Stress and Strain

Reference 31

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:19.653368Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 0bbe831c-5d8d-43be-8c7a-66ef54c6ec47 · outbound

This paper cites An Approach to Intelligent Information Extraction and Utilization from Diverse Documents.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction An Approach to Intelligent Information Extraction and Utilization from Diverse Documents

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:21.794681Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation bd2f9d4d-33bc-4012-9725-cfd7674c4084 · outbound

This paper cites Single Engine Models 172, 182, T182, 206 AND T206 1996 And On.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction Single Engine Models 172, 182, T182, 206 AND T206 1996 And On

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:21.565094Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 26ae090e-ba9c-4327-967f-3c3dfb49bb05 · outbound

This paper cites meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:21.412264Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 82d956b0-e4a6-48c8-aca7-e0ac67099469 · outbound

This paper cites LangGraph.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction LangGraph

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:21.207611Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation e8a0b5c4-01b4-42d3-a443-784c8a1f30f6 · outbound

This paper cites meta-llama/Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction meta-llama/Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:21.032101Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 2bd4e78e-fe9f-4e02-b9d5-18c548385495 · outbound

This paper cites fine-tune: full fine-tuning pipeline.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction fine-tune: full fine-tuning pipeline

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:20.805974Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation a4ad8eff-bcf5-45c8-8433-010e5bc8eb34 · outbound

This paper cites “Llama.” https://www.llama.com/.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction “Llama.” https://www.llama.com/

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:20.658765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 09760731-f361-44a6-a7e0-2389f3bc8615 · outbound

This paper cites The Bittorrent P2P File-Sharing System: Mea- surements and Analysis.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction The Bittorrent P2P File-Sharing System: Mea- surements and Analysis

Reference 39

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:19.380164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation e877a408-c390-40ba-9b76-b7e18bdd7e0b · outbound

This paper cites URL https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction URL https://www.scopus.com/inward/record

Reference 233

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:22.186776Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation ca665a51-4841-41b4-a4df-e31afef9092d · outbound

This paper cites URL https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.

A Lightweight Multi-Expert Generative Language Model System for Engineering Information and Knowledge Extraction URL https://www.scopus.com/inward/record

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:44:18.021276Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.