Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Transformers Are Universally Consistent

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 40 of 40 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.24531.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.24531 v1

Coverage vector

measured 40 of 40 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:06.819328Z

measured 40 of 40 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

40 of 40 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy20
unresolved20
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 777fa935-42a5-4315-b009-db3579f662a9 · outbound

This paper cites Attention is all you need,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Attention is all you need,

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:03.110749Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d1e5e31a-bd47-45fa-879f-4d1c6fe995fc · outbound

This paper cites Learning Deep Transformer Models for Machine Translation.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Learning Deep Transformer Models for Machine Translation

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:03.170038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation da3f2988-c82d-4164-9c1a-67eae3c17e86 · outbound

This paper cites Augmenting human innovation teams with artificial intelligence: Exploring transformer-based language models,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Augmenting human innovation teams with artificial intelligence: Exploring transformer-based language models,

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:11.619789Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 5fb5059e-ef10-4527-985c-169df1db87cc · outbound

This paper cites A survey of controllable text generation using transformer-based pre-trained language models,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent A survey of controllable text generation using transformer-based pre-trained language models,

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:11.439186Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 3a179f7f-8090-40b1-b1f6-d5422d2c7ec2 · outbound

This paper cites Transformer-based neural network for answer selection in question answering,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Transformer-based neural network for answer selection in question answering,

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:11.296814Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 3ded4510-633a-4826-ad0e-aed6eea3a6d2 · outbound

This paper cites Speech-transformer: a no-recurrence sequence-to-sequence model for speech recognition,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Speech-transformer: a no-recurrence sequence-to-sequence model for speech recognition,

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:03.552742Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 26300d89-a224-4daa-a4b5-8383f6b86d6f · outbound

This paper cites Conformer: Convolution-augmented Transformer for Speech Recognition.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Conformer: Convolution-augmented Transformer for Speech Recognition

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:03.644947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ccdb44b8-3f72-44e8-9822-bd39b60618f5 · outbound

This paper cites Biological structure and function emerge from scaling unsupervised learning to 250 million protein sequences,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Biological structure and function emerge from scaling unsupervised learning to 250 million protein sequences,

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:11.141900Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b8818ec9-5140-429e-ba7b-63587687a944 · outbound

This paper cites Molecular transformer: a model for uncertainty- calibrated chemical reaction prediction,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Molecular transformer: a model for uncertainty- calibrated chemical reaction prediction,

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:10.913582Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 4116038e-7793-48bf-b18d-58b72050403f · outbound

This paper cites Improving multi-head attention with capsule networks,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Improving multi-head attention with capsule networks,

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:10.679933Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 5283e989-f920-4ecd-97f0-c66a6cda16a6 · outbound

This paper cites A survey of transformers,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent A survey of transformers,

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:10.412156Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 85482b12-3de9-4995-91d2-ba79bbb622ba · outbound

This paper cites Universal consistency of deep convolutional neural networks,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Universal consistency of deep convolutional neural networks,

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:10.137936Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b638844b-9248-40cc-8c7f-9437d0f1fff7 · outbound

This paper cites Generating Long Sequences with Sparse Transformers.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Generating Long Sequences with Sparse Transformers

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:04.355642Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 59df297d-71f5-47fa-90fb-70b70dde6ba8 · outbound

This paper cites Star-transformer,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Star-transformer,

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:09.801066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation d782d92b-29fe-4b03-a432-6af4020b14b9 · outbound

This paper cites Longformer: The Long-Document Transformer.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Longformer: The Long-Document Transformer

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:04.520030Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 50512b54-c9ec-4822-bbbd-0d2af0223966 · outbound

This paper cites Big bird: Transformers for longer sequences,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Big bird: Transformers for longer sequences,

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:04.599878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 290544ae-e750-454c-b0dd-5875de923a43 · outbound

This paper cites Axial Attention in Multidimensional Transformers.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Axial Attention in Multidimensional Transformers

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:04.667137Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 18b398fd-2f41-41b1-ba52-9adbf7f0a220 · outbound

This paper cites Sparse sinkhorn attention,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Sparse sinkhorn attention,

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:09.463490Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation a577440d-bfd3-45e6-afda-a814a5c4e6ea · outbound

This paper cites Approximation by superpositions of a sigmoidal function,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Approximation by superpositions of a sigmoidal function,

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:04.819561Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a0a5854f-1201-4ad2-8c0f-42c13dd657af · outbound

This paper cites Approximation capabilities of multilayer feedforward networks,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Approximation capabilities of multilayer feedforward networks,

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:04.905524Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a07dcb5e-2077-4a22-909a-ca07f65f7c09 · outbound

This paper cites The expressive power of neural networks: A view from the width,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent The expressive power of neural networks: A view from the width,

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:09.122895Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 6a61fdf8-2ee9-45e4-8d6c-845380920ea8 · outbound

This paper cites Resnet with one-neuron hidden layers is a universal approximator,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Resnet with one-neuron hidden layers is a universal approximator,

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:08.828738Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 28c26fed-46db-41c5-a23e-340089315596 · outbound

This paper cites What Does BERT Look At? An Analysis of BERT's Attention.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent What Does BERT Look At? An Analysis of BERT's Attention

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:05.186023Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 34889787-3ab3-47d7-986f-6ca7c5ddc9ad · outbound

This paper cites Universality of deep convolutional neural networks,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Universality of deep convolutional neural networks,

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:08.509507Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 7794a9b4-6678-4442-968e-16b9b954ceee · outbound

This paper cites Universal approximations of permutation invariant/equivariant functions by deep neural networks.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Universal approximations of permutation invariant/equivariant functions by deep neural networks

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:05.372643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation db84c510-1f91-4951-aa4d-0ff5deeb02a1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:08.356663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation ea97ec96-4754-4672-bdd6-29e29fdd5d2a · outbound

This paper cites do Carmo,Riemannian Geometry, ser.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent do Carmo,Riemannian Geometry, ser

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:08.204379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 0cf8727d-d42d-471b-97a1-2586368d1d1c · outbound

This paper cites Lang,Differential and Riemannian manifolds.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Lang,Differential and Riemannian manifolds

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:08.093243Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 3c61107a-d49c-4632-bced-7c7dbdb08621 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:07.951548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 868d4550-b8ed-4d2e-b6dd-8dbea6815d73 · outbound

This paper cites Ungar,A gyrovector space approach to hyperbolic geometry.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Ungar,A gyrovector space approach to hyperbolic geometry

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:07.810702Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 368c6995-76d2-419b-aacb-ad67dffb8f56 · outbound

This paper cites A geometric interpretation of ungar’s addition and of gyration in the hyperbolic plane,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent A geometric interpretation of ungar’s addition and of gyration in the hyperbolic plane,

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:07.672788Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 53948324-5fcc-45a0-b631-8a82b14648a1 · outbound

This paper cites On the Universal Statistical Consistency of Expansive Hyperbolic Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent On the Universal Statistical Consistency of Expansive Hyperbolic Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:06.080582Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 84e44ebc-e365-47bf-9701-615b8a472513 · outbound

This paper cites Gy ¨orfi, M.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Gy ¨orfi, M

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:06.148831Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 27af6fdf-4faa-4dad-84cc-b09ef59c7369 · outbound

This paper cites Decision theoretic generalizations of the pac model for neural net and other learning applications,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Decision theoretic generalizations of the pac model for neural net and other learning applications,

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:07.542337Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 9c38204d-8a08-481b-ac03-d3438ff28d8c · outbound

This paper cites Nearly-tight vc-dimension and pseudodimension bounds for piecewise linear neural networks,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Nearly-tight vc-dimension and pseudodimension bounds for piecewise linear neural networks,

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:07.407791Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation d23103f8-67ca-41da-804a-680171a93a18 · outbound

This paper cites Anthony and P.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Anthony and P

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:07.273602Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation f8a408ed-f361-4636-a630-e614ce3f8825 · outbound

This paper cites Are Transformers universal approximators of sequence-to-sequence functions?.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Are Transformers universal approximators of sequence-to-sequence functions?

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:06.521514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b5130ecb-fd85-48b1-ac72-a17c320cf186 · outbound

This paper cites An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:06.615078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b77d4f7d-16df-4d62-9b60-d25dcea26b9a · outbound

This paper cites Decision transformer: Reinforcement learning via sequence modeling,.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Decision transformer: Reinforcement learning via sequence modeling,

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:06.727129Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f5830c36-773c-4a0b-af54-a68bf0f8a9d1 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.

Transformers Are Universally Consistent Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:06.819328Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.