Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 51 of 51 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.24561.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.24561 v1

Coverage vector

measured 51 of 51 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:30.148509Z

measured 52 of 52 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T05:21:43.084414Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T05:21:43.195221Z

Reference resolution

51 of 51 outbound references displayed

verified exact14
verified fuzzy1
unresolved36
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 8ff1d868-da06-4493-891e-baa292fdb9b8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:34.464253Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation dcbae64d-9b78-4f17-9cb8-54416cddbaf6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:34.253278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 9e422038-56f6-4e09-87ca-7399f555c934 · outbound

This paper cites Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:24.797643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation edd2e681-21ed-4fb7-b8ca-1c4e3db0eab8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:24.965268Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation df03a4df-eded-41e1-8bd9-ea942e726cbc · outbound

This paper cites Chang, Catherine Arnett, Zhuowen Tu, and Ben Bergen.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Chang, Catherine Arnett, Zhuowen Tu, and Ben Bergen

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:25.127862Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 36d9f341-03cc-4426-9a36-1edf17c2f972 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:32.627847Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 9f21efb4-2e99-4b3b-8d6d-8b4ce3a7ed69 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:32.435601Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation d6081874-b917-4bd3-9ccd-c277c3a0194b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:32.259465Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 4c772f6b-b62d-4abc-b1b4-9cdc80cdf298 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:25.691835Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 04962b91-88fa-492e-8f3a-fd076661fb90 · outbound

This paper cites Clark, Dan Garrette, Iulia Turc, and John Wieting.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Clark, Dan Garrette, Iulia Turc, and John Wieting

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:25.837197Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8831570c-9f43-4ccf-bf00-09910a2d9c68 · outbound

This paper cites FLEURS: Few-shot Learning Evaluation of Universal Representations of Speech.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling FLEURS: Few-shot Learning Evaluation of Universal Representations of Speech

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:25.945196Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 37c08efc-6fa7-45d4-8acc-46023586f3b4 · outbound

This paper cites Costa-juss \`a and Jos \'e A.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Costa-juss \`a and Jos \'e A

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:32.015860Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation efafd0dd-6004-45fa-b307-81f56a3630a3 · outbound

This paper cites Costa-juss \`a.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Costa-juss \`a

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:26.123773Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 12b1c7e8-e56a-4b95-8caf-381fb22e8c50 · outbound

This paper cites SONAR: Sentence-Level Multimodal and Language-Agnostic Representations.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling SONAR: Sentence-Level Multimodal and Language-Agnostic Representations

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:26.208489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 81feb7a3-1dff-4ccd-ade1-9841620327e3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:26.310213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 671bb74e-b407-4e8d-aeba-0adf3be2972d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:31.753919Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 0b1be279-4e7a-4d0c-8667-72f5148076c0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:31.622235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation e8238ec3-ed79-47df-8e94-c923c1bd8cb4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:26.586042Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 890e1dbf-af41-4f06-ac97-43673be1e610 · outbound

This paper cites Guerreiro, Ricardo Rei, Daan van Stigt, Luisa Coheur, Pierre Colombo, and Andr \'e F.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Guerreiro, Ricardo Rei, Daan van Stigt, Luisa Coheur, Pierre Colombo, and Andr \'e F

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:26.693938Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e65f33d-54e0-4247-b615-91f4964b6f7d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:34.054239Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation ee188cab-17b7-4f76-a07c-71649b644023 · outbound

This paper cites Le, Maxim Krikun, Yonghui Wu, Zhifeng Chen, Nikhil Thorat, Fernanda Vi \'e gas, Martin Wattenberg, Greg Corrado, Macduff Hughes, and Jeffrey Dean.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Le, Maxim Krikun, Yonghui Wu, Zhifeng Chen, Nikhil Thorat, Fernanda Vi \'e gas, Martin Wattenberg, Greg Corrado, Macduff Hughes, and Jeffrey Dean

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:26.911723Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 74040697-f1e3-4de1-b804-2c9a34c583e3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:33.912243Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation eead3c85-0827-494d-891c-f09f67b5c853 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:27.076322Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation afba33fc-b42d-44c8-822f-a08009cbe8a2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:31.447105Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 5838812d-9a07-462e-b389-b70c126afece · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:31.300314Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation b725bfd7-8661-49cd-b6f5-53db7158abd2 · outbound

This paper cites Character-based Neural Machine Translation.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Character-based Neural Machine Translation

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:27.401319Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation abb8dd66-96de-465b-9775-ddbf780b8fca · outbound

This paper cites Bridging the Modality Gap for Speech-to-Text Translation.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Bridging the Modality Gap for Speech-to-Text Translation

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:27.502213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 62580029-a720-46ea-a298-a6454cac557b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:27.657468Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7161d65c-a929-4919-ad0e-a9ce1f955857 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:27.763916Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2731277e-7a35-4430-bc01-d0b586b16cdf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:27.876260Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 48674664-e288-4d0f-a3a2-a70e1a776f46 · outbound

This paper cites Byte Latent Transformer: Patches Scale Better Than Tokens.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Byte Latent Transformer: Patches Scale Better Than Tokens

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:27.989485Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7ad3e339-7511-462f-a458-f4a818b17122 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:28.144635Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2d69171a-23ef-4a62-b561-c39fad0564da · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:28.259161Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation abb906bc-4788-45a8-9907-028f2ffe0e0b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:33.745959Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 551256bb-0573-477d-a3c7-b06cb9d58e4c · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Speech Technology to 1,000+ Languages.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Scaling Speech Technology to 1,000+ Languages

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:28.487913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7ccbdb48-8c5d-4768-a10f-c3d2414dfe97 · outbound

This paper cites Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervision.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervision

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:28.601428Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 17ee4d7f-dfd8-44e6-a618-ebb95ff20a13 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:28.705974Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 08c1dc29-8f28-417f-8308-5d343916b81f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:28.812598Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fcb91236-9b2c-4ae7-93ff-35079db983a4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:33.550131Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation a93ed86b-1ea0-46cc-a725-c3e2faf7baac · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:31.102402Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation ff85ff65-8fd7-43ed-81af-16bf969fc413 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:29.070099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 810b8b17-f7e8-4767-829f-d07c2bea222f · outbound

This paper cites Tran, Sebastian Ruder, Jai Gupta, Hyung Won Chung, Dara Bahri, Zhen Qin, Simon Baumgartner, Cong Yu, and Donald Metzler.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Tran, Sebastian Ruder, Jai Gupta, Hyung Won Chung, Dara Bahri, Zhen Qin, Simon Baumgartner, Cong Yu, and Donald Metzler

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:33.424996Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 2ad10445-5322-4bb1-aeb7-9107451aa589 · outbound

This paper cites G \'a llego, Jos \'e A.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling G \'a llego, Jos \'e A

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:29.259563Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8dc9be82-47e3-4120-a1f2-536294abd388 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:29.423402Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 96267968-4455-4010-9540-ba8d9b8184fe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:29.530880Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5f401e9d-cfdd-45f8-b395-47bce1157089 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:29.665288Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a960055e-404c-41ab-9548-05ce16696b0b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:30.932784Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation a2bea083-8821-48f6-9877-304b93fbd2ba · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:30.703200Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 3ac8db4f-859d-4365-b505-bd8b099815a4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:30.521041Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 64290e98-6697-4eed-bc0a-2506a6a88fb8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:30.342811Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 9bc5343b-6853-46d4-80c1-d740b8f6ffbc · outbound

This paper cites Scaling A Simple Approach to Zero-Shot Speech Recognition.

Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling Scaling A Simple Approach to Zero-Shot Speech Recognition

Reference 51

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T12:35:32.852057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 664eb626-4dbf-4793-a9a1-49b9d518e334 · inbound

LLM-BT-Terms: Back-Translation as a Framework for Terminology Standardization and Dynamic Semantic Embedding cites this paper.

LLM-BT-Terms: Back-Translation as a Framework for Terminology Standardization and Dynamic Semantic Embedding Improving Language and Modality Transfer in Translation by Character-level Modeling

Reference 11

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T05:21:43.200289Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.