Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.973151Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 55 of 55 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.01676.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.973151Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T18:04:53.791144Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-06-29T17:33:45.012282Z
55 of 55 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 0edb00e8-0ebc-4dae-a7a9-3e15077d6e8a · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education GPT-4 Technical Report
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5b349165-a128-4901-830f-61a822a39048 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Mm-phyqa: Multimodal physics question-answering with multi-image cot prompting
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 388b3b5c-9d43-487b-9153-2ebddeea940e · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scaling
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 81731d52-b3f1-42fb-98ab-e5cdcb9885a4 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Mme: A comprehensive evaluation benchmark for multimodal large language models, 2024
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 351b2235-9de0-48eb-975c-12d46f1bbefc · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 92a1694d-103f-4fb7-b5a7-cc87f020c4d2 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education CMMU: A Benchmark for Chinese Multi-modal Multi-type Question Understanding and Reasoning
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 62b812d8-0e32-4f60-a69a-016886b766de · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Olympicarena: Benchmarking multi-discipline cognitive reasoning for superintelligent ai
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5d3017a5-f813-4081-8b9b-0a1e1631b689 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education VisScience: An Extensive Benchmark for Evaluating K12 Educational Multi-modal Scientific Reasoning
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4b162345-5e4d-46af-b72a-1a3540242659 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education 21st century skills
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation da6fd58f-ca61-4c56-8df3-4c65aa80b03b · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation da75aebb-0e04-444b-a5dc-dfddc26cbf7a · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehension
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation feba07ba-80c8-404b-b401-4965a802fcc4 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education CMM-Math: A Chinese Multimodal Math Dataset To Evaluate and Enhance the Mathematics Reasoning of Large Multimodal Models
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bb5b8003-5bd9-42bf-a473-0c30e3e77f4d · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Mmbench: Is your multi-modal model an all-around player? In European conference on computer vision, pages 216–233
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a5c20eb0-cc47-44a4-b244-113b628a9e2d · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education On the hidden mystery of ocr in large multimodal models
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dfaea037-35ac-46f0-a845-07d586f4fb88 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contexts
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e247fa40-6feb-40df-b932-ad1f10538e07 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Learn to explain: Multimodal reasoning via thought chains for science question answering
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b921e606-e208-4135-8a00-2d8a793905e1 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Improve Mathematical Reasoning in Language Models by Automated Process Supervision
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4d26f70b-0ff1-446f-b9fb-338efb076717 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Ok-vqa: A visual question answering benchmark requiring external knowledge
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6b626787-4a88-450f-aa31-89bd02f5d8a1 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Gpt-4v(ision) system card
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 2fe76357-6b7a-453c-b5cb-3575eb4bc560 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Gpt-o1-mini: A multimodal language model
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 70ebe27a-5ad0-4e78-81cb-9fdf0d785b72 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Gpt-o3-mini: A cost-effective reasoning model
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation efbfdaf2-08ea-4f0a-9f37-239a6fbfee9f · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Qvq: To see the world with wisdom
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 2f9f1f7f-0c32-4da2-9792-b1e5b254ccf4 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Measuring Vision-Language STEM Skills of Neural Models
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d7a941e1-0ad3-45ba-b481-0e943ecad205 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Towards vqa models that can read
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a8ff2904-5e61-45a2-b92c-3602fa3c2743 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation abf41daf-e556-41f2-a9b7-434fd57f2578 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Enhancing the Reasoning Ability of Multimodal Large Language Models via Mixed Preference Optimization
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 35195a0a-124e-4c7d-a219-b93373d467c6 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education VisualPRM: An Effective Process Reward Model for Multimodal Reasoning
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d9fadd79-fc97-45b5-a2f3-62f1e1d8cbb1 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Grok-1.5 vision preview
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 80487419-40d4-4f9e-b772-932a98d7c3ae · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Qwen2.5 Technical Report
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d1c45e31-fb02-4e5b-b502-aee39ba2530f · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Mmmu: A massive multi-discipline multimodal understanding and reasoning benchmark for expert agi
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation efac8a70-1508-4590-b55e-63ff854e8669 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Mathverse: Does your multi-modal llm truly see the diagrams in visual math problems? In European Conference on Computer Vision, pages 169–186
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7c058078-7d17-4f0a-bb07-7e142f1c3182 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education GAOKAO-MM: A Chinese Human-Level Benchmark for Multimodal Models Evaluation
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6a814080-cf38-4f80-a2c8-a386b07610f4 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Unresolved cited work
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 1ecf05a2-3169-47b1-9e95-396a0d0ed265 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education 0" or "1
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 323dbf5e-bc21-42de-8692-b79c2aa29ea4 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Unresolved cited work
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 094e6e63-25d3-4717-a6df-bcaee821de95 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Garbled content, unidentifiable subjects, or nonsensical elements are prohibited
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation feb201b7-d9a4-4815-ae18-4a012de3fb97 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Unresolved cited work
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 84c4473d-fb19-4774-ad84-becc7b029f2f · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Unresolved cited work
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 69d492dc-5b30-407c-96db-671da21e94a7 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Unresolved cited work
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 9cbd1abd-0777-4735-9a7a-1e55de4da2e4 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education unclear question focus or undefined conditions
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 41a1460b-3cc5-45f5-9ef6-179d0f59ee44 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Unresolved cited work
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 8849c1bf-4ef1-4009-8b00-f194288a13a5 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education 0" (unqualified) or
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 860e0dae-0fd7-4df2-ae94-2408a5dd5bf9 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Unresolved cited work
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 13a911fd-791b-473c-b555-68be79bccb97 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Unresolved cited work
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 7692ed35-4514-468f-9cd5-6626e69961f6 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education perceive
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5eaf5117-c144-4454-8de9-059bf33ab3ac · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Question Type: Multiple Choice
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e412b9ec-31fc-48ee-aa03-9edd1dfa2ea1 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Question Type: Multiple Choice
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 9e03db49-d273-4bd8-bc2e-ad488959bbf2 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Question Type: Fill-in-Blank
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b998ffeb-9347-4794-b4c4-0d57dc7d805a · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Question Type: Free Response
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation eb071cbc-43fe-4458-9234-cdd0fee14681 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Unresolved cited work
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c518628d-1c85-4b16-abb6-0342c12efaa0 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education We designed six distinct prompts for MLLM inference, tailored to different reasoning modes and question types
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b281e6ac-bab6-404d-a48a-35af7b9e91a3 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education The text question contains one or more parts that require the student's answer, which should be one or more words or phrases
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 22b37963-8f07-4ee1-8131-79c66c348851 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Unresolved cited work
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 0bf1c849-24f3-4b77-bcf4-ce0b0f6d84fe · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education If a student's answer for a specific blank position is not found, record it as 'empty'
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation ae0648a5-5dd5-44b3-a2a3-efab9e4d3313 · outbound
K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education Reference Answer 1
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 4b1c1c75-5d34-46c0-8c46-ffb7f5dba0ec · inbound
EduFlow: Advancing MLLMs' Problem-Solving Proficiency through Multi-Stage, Multi-Perspective Critique K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5106882a-d494-4609-82d5-f913e2181cb7 · inbound
LiveK12Bench: Have Large Multimodal Models Truly Conquered High School-level Examinations? K12Vista: Exploring the Boundaries of MLLMs in K-12 Education
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.