Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 39 of 39 outbound references and 4 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.04374.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.04374 v1

Coverage vector

measured 39 of 39 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.252154Z

measured 43 of 43 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 4 of 4 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T14:12:02.029189Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-06-29T22:04:00.572602Z

Reference resolution

39 of 39 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy8
unresolved30
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 41d2fb2e-a6e1-47c7-879a-27322d6ac4f7 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning write newline

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.000524Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dbe64074-d129-4f06-8c87-3e923c209807 · outbound

This paper cites Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.009552Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3eee5651-e97b-4df9-9dc3-1e8d810da519 · outbound

This paper cites Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.016634Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2ea8cd50-a7b1-4a74-9d8d-3e61e5850a18 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Qwen Technical Report

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.023714Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b6756eb6-b362-4847-82ad-8f709e2c0e15 · outbound

This paper cites PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Language.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Language

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.031563Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ad646ed8-29dd-4694-bdc8-2b765aea35de · outbound

This paper cites Language models are few-shot learners.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Language models are few-shot learners

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.984027Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation f4bf926a-8808-4193-8f73-7bbd6a6fc776 · outbound

This paper cites Computational principles of memory.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Computational principles of memory

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.044654Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1fc5574d-f462-473c-9935-eb88fdd96ec4 · outbound

This paper cites B ool Q : Exploring the surprising difficulty of natural yes/no questions.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning B ool Q : Exploring the surprising difficulty of natural yes/no questions

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.051673Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ff18284e-300e-4ed2-b8da-ace4802c8d9d · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.057619Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 96ac5b62-cdcd-4d0d-9dc7-5bd4b3805782 · outbound

This paper cites The rotation of eigenvectors by a perturbation.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning The rotation of eigenvectors by a perturbation

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.063449Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 99a03c65-33d5-40c6-b0a5-1b47a6b462a6 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.069960Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4614e809-2fc7-4f57-9929-ed222df58631 · outbound

This paper cites Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.077006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 04b2d0e7-d5bf-41b6-b030-6cf49d4b4fb2 · outbound

This paper cites A mathematical framework for transformer circuits.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning A mathematical framework for transformer circuits

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.965521Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation f7fccd80-3790-4d98-a2e6-28f5475d3fbd · outbound

This paper cites Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.088711Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 19544e3c-a527-442d-b994-300555438ce1 · outbound

This paper cites Did A ristotle use a laptop? A question answering benchmark with implicit reasoning strategies.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Did A ristotle use a laptop? A question answering benchmark with implicit reasoning strategies

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.094716Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b22568c9-1c05-41ad-a723-c0ffe29a9410 · outbound

This paper cites Variational learning for switching state-space models.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Variational learning for switching state-space models

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.101932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 04fc1318-2b4e-4d18-8b0b-f20c5d3eae5f · outbound

This paper cites Note on the derivatives with respect to a parameter of the solutions of a system of differential equations.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Note on the derivatives with respect to a parameter of the solutions of a system of differential equations

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.108154Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7212d7cc-02fd-4f8d-9d61-3872ea39d8ac · outbound

This paper cites A new approach to the economic analysis of nonstationary time series and the business cycle.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning A new approach to the economic analysis of nonstationary time series and the business cycle

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.948243Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation a7de34f1-32ec-4c75-9626-8efefaf3d0ad · outbound

This paper cites Ridge regression: Biased estimation for nonorthogonal problems.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Ridge regression: Biased estimation for nonorthogonal problems

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.121006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b338ff0e-75f0-4b85-9d1b-08fca85f5d44 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Mistral 7B

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.127341Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 14ac315b-453d-4a76-8b91-c4a84c4ee2e5 · outbound

This paper cites Principal Component Analysis.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Principal Component Analysis

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.135171Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fc54f6e5-1019-44ea-b2ea-9aa2c362cc3a · outbound

This paper cites Emergent world representations: Exploring a sequence model trained on a synthetic task.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Emergent world representations: Exploring a sequence model trained on a synthetic task

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.927809Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 3f659613-6d9f-4e04-9584-453567f223d9 · outbound

This paper cites T ruthful QA : Measuring how models mimic human falsehoods.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning T ruthful QA : Measuring how models mimic human falsehoods

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.149002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1b578b2d-d39f-4fb5-ba82-190995151895 · outbound

This paper cites Xiwu: A Basis Flexible and Learnable LLM for High Energy Physics.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Xiwu: A Basis Flexible and Learnable LLM for High Energy Physics

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.156219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation abd62857-16bd-4bd2-911e-993031b6e5e2 · outbound

This paper cites Can a suit of armor conduct electricity? A new dataset for open book question answering.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Can a suit of armor conduct electricity? A new dataset for open book question answering

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.162855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 740cb4f6-0837-459f-8fa0-a3c2cf3d6896 · outbound

This paper cites Emergent Linear Representations in World Models of Self-Supervised Sequence Models.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Emergent Linear Representations in World Models of Self-Supervised Sequence Models

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.169589Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b077623-4249-4d22-9fd8-f8387d348f3c · outbound

This paper cites Stochastic Differential Equations: An Introduction with Applications.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Stochastic Differential Equations: An Introduction with Applications

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.908578Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 5cac4c0d-fe73-44bc-8099-7dd1b1c0f1b8 · outbound

This paper cites In-context Learning and Induction Heads.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning In-context Learning and Induction Heads

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.183246Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3c35130a-41a2-4f2c-afb0-bad9a21ccc75 · outbound

This paper cites A tutorial on hidden markov models and selected applications in speech recognition.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning A tutorial on hidden markov models and selected applications in speech recognition

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.889631Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 1f9716f9-a6f7-4903-a6e3-b0e9d80c21c1 · outbound

This paper cites Language models are unsupervised multitask learners.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Language models are unsupervised multitask learners

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.870858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation e37ca0ce-c5d3-49ae-ad1c-cbe891143ffe · outbound

This paper cites The Fokker-Planck Equation: Methods of Solution and Applications , volume 18 of Springer Series in Synergetics.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning The Fokker-Planck Equation: Methods of Solution and Applications , volume 18 of Springer Series in Synergetics

Reference 31

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.329744Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 2ae1510a-b18e-40e3-9cf6-6c77df26fb9b · outbound

This paper cites Optimal sequence memory in driven random networks.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Optimal sequence memory in driven random networks

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.205766Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4f59e42b-5357-403a-9a9e-04b38a02f705 · outbound

This paper cites C ommonsense QA : A question answering challenge targeting commonsense knowledge.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning C ommonsense QA : A question answering challenge targeting commonsense knowledge

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.211795Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 91ee295a-9d23-4090-bf35-bc0cc37b6b13 · outbound

This paper cites CommonsenseQA 2.0: Exposing the Limits of AI through Gamification.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning CommonsenseQA 2.0: Exposing the Limits of AI through Gamification

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.218307Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d3181f48-78d3-4fe9-8eb7-8f20c45eff53 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.224781Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 1988d3ee-b90c-4584-bb52-87a7f01ac4ce · outbound

This paper cites Attention is all you need.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Attention is all you need

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.851812Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b820f736-39c1-48c9-8252-0031a060102b · outbound

This paper cites Towards Understanding Chain-of-Thought Prompting: An Empirical Study of What Matters.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Towards Understanding Chain-of-Thought Prompting: An Empirical Study of What Matters

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.238608Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e5f1a811-8ce9-4c62-837a-99b20aba19c8 · outbound

This paper cites Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.245026Z

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Observation 654f070f-9d6c-426c-a158-56f2cfc17430 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:50:54.252154Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation cb34fdfe-81bf-4c22-bab9-05611277ea36 · inbound

The wall confronting large language models cites this paper.

The wall confronting large language models A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T14:12:02.029189Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7b4d4f39-60cd-4177-b72d-2d66b6201c3a · inbound

Semantic Step Prediction: Multi-Step Latent Forecasting in LLM Reasoning Trajectories via Step Sampling cites this paper.

Semantic Step Prediction: Multi-Step Latent Forecasting in LLM Reasoning Trajectories via Step Sampling A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T06:11:20.492711Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b9161e76-0153-47dc-8365-de53eb1a9ec6 · inbound

Phantom Transitions in Language Model Fine-Tuning: A Density-Matrix Analysis cites this paper.

Phantom Transitions in Language Model Fine-Tuning: A Density-Matrix Analysis A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning

Reference 6

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T22:04:00.574224Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation ce70dd7e-be5a-44a5-bb67-2944beeb60da · inbound

Phantom Transitions in Language Model Fine-Tuning: A Density-Matrix Analysis cites this paper.

Phantom Transitions in Language Model Fine-Tuning: A Density-Matrix Analysis A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T13:16:37.673532Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.