Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches | Paper Citation Record

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This paper cites Phi-4 Technical Report.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Phi-4 Technical Report

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Measurement validity: A shared standard for qualitative and quantitative research

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This paper cites Snyder, and Charles Stewart.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Snyder, and Charles Stewart

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Argyle, Ethan C

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Uncertainty in Natural Language Generation: From Theory to Applications

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This paper cites Birds of the same feather tweet together: Bayesian ideal point estimation using twitter data.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Birds of the same feather tweet together: Bayesian ideal point estimation using twitter data

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Unresolved cited work

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Clinton, Cassy Dorff, Brenton Kenkel, and Jennifer M

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This paper cites Mapping the ideological marketplace.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Mapping the ideological marketplace

Reference 9

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This paper cites The DOGE purge: E mpirical E vidence of P olitically M otivated F irings, February 2025.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches The DOGE purge: E mpirical E vidence of P olitically M otivated F irings, February 2025

Reference 10

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Elmendorf, and Scott A

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Unresolved cited work

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Montgomery

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Carpenter

Reference 14

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Lewis, James Lo, Keith T

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This paper cites Federal employee unionization and presidential control of the bureaucracy: Estimating and explaining ideological change in executive agencies.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Federal employee unionization and presidential control of the bureaucracy: Estimating and explaining ideological change in executive agencies

Reference 16

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Clinton and David E

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This paper cites Clinton, Anthony Bertelli, Christian R.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Clinton, Anthony Bertelli, Christian R

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This paper cites Can ai language models replace human participants? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 27 0 (7): 0 597--600, 2023.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Can ai language models replace human participants? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 27 0 (7): 0 597--600, 2023

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This paper cites Tucker, and Jonathan Nagler.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Tucker, and Jonathan Nagler

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Detecting hallucinations in large language models using semantic entropy

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches De Menezes

Reference 22

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Shapiro, and Matt Taddy

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Gilmour and David E

Reference 24

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches `What Elon Musk Said Is a Bold-Faced Lie'

Reference 25

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Exhaustive or exhausting? evidence on respondent fatigue in long surveys

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches From NeoReactionary Theory to the Alt-Right, pages 101--120

Reference 27

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This paper cites Positioning political texts with large language models by asking and averaging.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Positioning political texts with large language models by asking and averaging

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Teaching models to express their uncertainty in words

Reference 29

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Generating with confidence: Uncertainty quantification for black-box large language models

Reference 30

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Uncertainty Estimation and Quantification for LLMs: A Simple Supervised Approach

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches The Llama 3 Herd of Models

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Testing the power of arguments in referendums: A Bradley–Terry approach

Reference 33

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Unresolved cited work

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Brown, Joshua A

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Curtis yarvin says democracy is done

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Mielke, Arthur Szlam, Emily Dinan, and Y-Lan Boureau

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Mistral small 3, January 2025

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Unresolved cited work

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Virtual personas for language models via an anthology of backstories

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Measuring executive agency ideology using large language models, n.d

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Crowdsourcing subjective annotations using pairwise comparisons reduces bias and error compared to the majority-vote method

Reference 42

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Unresolved cited work

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Measurement in the Age of LLMs: An Application to Ideological Scaling

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches When do politicians grandstand? measuring message politics in committee hearings

Reference 45

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Federal workers express shock, anger over mass firings: ``you are not fit for continued employment''

Reference 46

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Poole and Howard Rosenthal

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Poole and Howard Rosenthal

Reference 48

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This paper cites Porter, Michael E.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Porter, Michael E

Reference 49

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This paper cites Richardson, Joshua D.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Richardson, Joshua D

Reference 50

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This paper cites Political compass or spinning arrow? towards more meaningful evaluations for values and opinions in large language models.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Political compass or spinning arrow? towards more meaningful evaluations for values and opinions in large language models

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This paper cites Minority opposition and asymmetric parties? S enators’ partisan rhetoric on twitter.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Minority opposition and asymmetric parties? S enators’ partisan rhetoric on twitter

Reference 52

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This paper cites Wu, Kristina Miler, Alexander Miserlis Hoyle, and Philip Resnik.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Wu, Kristina Miler, Alexander Miserlis Hoyle, and Philip Resnik

Reference 53

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Adler, Lea Rau, and Bernd Schmitt

Reference 54

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Schmidt and Michael C

Reference 55

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This paper cites Quantifying language models' sensitivity to spurious features in prompt design or: How i learned to start worrying about prompt formatting.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Quantifying language models' sensitivity to spurious features in prompt design or: How i learned to start worrying about prompt formatting

Reference 56

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:59:46.492347Z

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This paper cites The A merican system of shared powers: the P resident, C ongress, and the NLRB.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches The A merican system of shared powers: the P resident, C ongress, and the NLRB

Reference 57

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T05:59:45.377672Z

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This paper cites Language Model Fine-Tuning on Scaled Survey Data for Predicting Distributions of Public Opinions.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Language Model Fine-Tuning on Scaled Survey Data for Predicting Distributions of Public Opinions

Reference 58

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This paper cites Do llms exhibit human-like response biases? a case study in survey design.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Do llms exhibit human-like response biases? a case study in survey design

Reference 59

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Bradley-terry models in r: The bradleyterry2 package

Reference 60

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This paper cites He's anti-democracy and pro-trump: the obscure 'dark enlightenment' blogger influencing the next us administration, 2024.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches He's anti-democracy and pro-trump: the obscure 'dark enlightenment' blogger influencing the next us administration, 2024

Reference 61

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:59:46.482785Z

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Observation 866148d3-7c14-4069-9353-12b918bbaf13 · outbound

This paper cites Cultural M arxism and the C athedral: Two alt-right perspectives on critical theory.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Cultural M arxism and the C athedral: Two alt-right perspectives on critical theory

Reference 62

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T05:59:45.353895Z

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Observation 36e3c08c-e522-406e-911f-3ca186143c71 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Unresolved cited work

Reference 63

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Large Language Models Can Be Used to Estimate the Latent Positions of Politicians

Reference 64

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Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Wu, Jonathan Nagler, Joshua A

Reference 65

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This paper cites Can LLM s express their uncertainty? an empirical evaluation of confidence elicitation in LLM s.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Can LLM s express their uncertainty? an empirical evaluation of confidence elicitation in LLM s

Reference 66

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:59:45.290420Z

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Observation cd44d8cc-2331-4201-90ad-500d895bf64d · outbound

This paper cites Navigating the grey area: How expressions of uncertainty and overconfidence affect language models.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Navigating the grey area: How expressions of uncertainty and overconfidence affect language models

Reference 67

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:59:45.294813Z

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Observation fd30254f-90dd-441c-bc8f-3532e45a3cf8 · outbound

This paper cites P ro SA : Assessing and understanding the prompt sensitivity of LLM s.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches P ro SA : Assessing and understanding the prompt sensitivity of LLM s

Reference 68

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:59:45.298154Z

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Observation 07915c24-a08c-4aca-92f7-5cd7fb34cea6 · outbound

This paper cites Can large language models transform computational social science? Computational Linguistics, 50 0 (1): 0 237--291, 03 2024.

Large Language Models Can Be a Viable Substitute for Expert Political Surveys When a Shock Disrupts Traditional Measurement Approaches Can large language models transform computational social science? Computational Linguistics, 50 0 (1): 0 237--291, 03 2024

Reference 69

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