Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.077825Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings
As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 30 of 30 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.07956.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-30T19:48:50.620495Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-19T09:53:02.095964Z
Reference resolution
30 of 30 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy9
- unresolved20
- parse uncertain1
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation d69b3726-fcff-4f5b-b2cc-d522723ad1e8 · outbound
This paper cites Consider the following subcases characterizing the possible positions for this merge: (a) The merge is in a(t).
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Consider the following subcases characterizing the possible positions for this merge: (a) The merge is in a(t)
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.360469Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d64012d2-7a44-41fd-bda8-e5df4a12f749 · outbound
This paper cites No merges exist.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings No merges exist
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.351778Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation ec56f423-7f56-42bc-a8dd-53f808724f8f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 3
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.336289Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 98db2f51-1f62-473c-9aa2-5d356a747daf · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 4
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.328165Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 323f9d98-d41c-40a8-8677-b7255eb8798a · outbound
This paper cites ■ 26More generally, Lemma 3 holds for any tokenization model with a bigram-based canonicality test (i.e., δ ∈ D ⇐ ⇒BIGRAMS (δ) ⊆ B.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings ■ 26More generally, Lemma 3 holds for any tokenization model with a bigram-based canonicality test (i.e., δ ∈ D ⇐ ⇒BIGRAMS (δ) ⊆ B
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.320160Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 8e947fbb-3320-4d33-a1da-eff1ec089f92 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 6
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.344068Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 088aea48-9230-4d60-b020-a4ef03e34465 · outbound
This paper cites • Part 2 (δ ∈ D ⇐= φ(δ) = δ):.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings • Part 2 (δ ∈ D ⇐= φ(δ) = δ):
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.219074Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 0baac850-30ce-4e1c-aa99-bbfe8c43f67d · outbound
This paper cites Then, there exists a conflicting pair ⟨s, s′⟩ = find_conflict(δ, δ′), i.e., ⟨s, s′⟩ satisfies π(s) > ⟨s, s′⟩ ≤π(s′).
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Then, there exists a conflicting pair ⟨s, s′⟩ = find_conflict(δ, δ′), i.e., ⟨s, s′⟩ satisfies π(s) > ⟨s, s′⟩ ≤π(s′)
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.311754Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c7136bcd-a23c-424e-b961-e5277a59f296 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 11
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.303772Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e2e2e39e-e4d1-406d-8a35-3fb2b4c12d58 · outbound
This paper cites Part 2 (¬Φ(δ, δ′) ⇐= δ·δ′ /∈ B).
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Part 2 (¬Φ(δ, δ′) ⇐= δ·δ′ /∈ B)
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.295966Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 258ec995-ea48-491e-93cc-c384e25d16e9 · outbound
This paper cites Then, φ(δ·δ′) ̸= δ·δ′, by definition.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Then, φ(δ·δ′) ̸= δ·δ′, by definition
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.287711Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation aa535417-c14b-47eb-9c0d-24b52eac1535 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 14
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.279381Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e9616f6e-8513-4ccd-ac04-c982f822b3a2 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 15
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.271055Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 9bc800d9-1ae8-4d35-aa6a-511e665e52ca · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.262149Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 93890bf3-38bd-4eef-91b6-297a5ac2d1c3 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.253669Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 0c2cce99-26e6-45a6-a7d6-2007d30076cb · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 18
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.244295Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 424d92fc-0288-4071-88f8-3b717be65d70 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.235871Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 7a47f279-bc82-4985-a80e-715adbb0c799 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 20
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.227773Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5ec32428-114b-4091-b776-5edec938b875 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 22
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.210679Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 3dc8ccd7-f107-474d-a2aa-780cfc123c6f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 23
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.202372Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation baad7f25-b74d-4a40-b5a9-d0f08847b95a · outbound
This paper cites Since each directions have been proven, the proposition holds.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Since each directions have been proven, the proposition holds
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.193337Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d4859792-f7a8-4a0c-b5ff-1afdd2602f44 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 25
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.183326Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation fc63fc23-7f0b-4cbe-bd25-ae5701047201 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.173668Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation cf7b10b2-15b4-47c2-9c0a-8db3fc9184ae · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.164263Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation ac05a37f-89a8-446b-bb27-9251c129473f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
- Resolution
- parse uncertain
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.154881Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 68cab206-e974-4f79-a210-e0fe98a3e233 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Unresolved cited work
Reference 29
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.145479Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 4a1a0b35-f6bb-4789-98d8-b937e57e79bd · outbound
This paper cites Proofs for Section 4 (Canonicality by Conditioning) Proposition 1.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings Proofs for Section 4 (Canonicality by Conditioning) Proposition 1
Reference 30
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.135960Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 45315309-3fcd-48f2-a71c-3cc99735163f · outbound
This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings GPT-4 Technical Report
Reference 1993
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:42.002656Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ffd0c972-4fdf-4d97-a0be-31cabbadaf43 · outbound
This paper cites GPT-NeoX-20B: An Open-Source Autoregressive Language Model.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings GPT-NeoX-20B: An Open-Source Autoregressive Language Model
Reference 2023
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:41.994894Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 26f880b2-5f88-47c1-a8d9-602f65fbcc2a · outbound
This paper cites The Foundations of Tokenization: Statistical and Computational Concerns.
Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings The Foundations of Tokenization: Statistical and Computational Concerns
Reference 2025
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:36:41.998910Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Pith citing papers
Observation aaa57ec2-8b24-4ed7-b9e6-5b44db1a3168 · inbound
Sampling from Your Language Model One Byte at a Time cites this paper.
Sampling from Your Language Model One Byte at a Time Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings
Reference 76
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-19T09:53:02.097339Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 8e524b21-f2da-4c30-af03-30efb6174699 · inbound
Language Models are not Equally Robust to Non-Canonical Tokenization across Languages cites this paper.
Language Models are not Equally Robust to Non-Canonical Tokenization across Languages Language Models over Canonical Byte-Pair Encodings
Reference 19
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-07-30T19:48:50.620495Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.