Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.09992.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.09992 v2

Coverage vector

measured 32 of 32 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.551069Z

measured 32 of 32 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

32 of 32 outbound references displayed

verified exact11
verified fuzzy7
unresolved12
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 8e07ca55-b2e1-486f-89c9-75b3dd191cb2 · outbound

This paper cites Automated hate speech detection and the problem of offensive language,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Automated hate speech detection and the problem of offensive language,

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.446665Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e69fca5e-e44a-4ae6-aeda-32471cba4b95 · outbound

This paper cites The polarizing impact of political disinformation and hate speech: A cross-country configural narrative,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages The polarizing impact of political disinformation and hate speech: A cross-country configural narrative,

Reference 2

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.451049Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0667d951-9bd6-4e9c-a725-5e4f288d458a · outbound

This paper cites Anonymity and its role in digital aggression: A systematic review,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Anonymity and its role in digital aggression: A systematic review,

Reference 3

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:54.225974Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 2b84eb41-6815-4da3-ad73-722d6c4df147 · outbound

This paper cites Hateful symbols or hateful people? Predictive features for hate speech detection on Twitter,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Hateful symbols or hateful people? Predictive features for hate speech detection on Twitter,

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.457969Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 91f54e0f-b495-44f2-8beb-2bfc8a90a060 · outbound

This paper cites Data-efficient strategies for expanding hate speech detection into under-resourced languages,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Data-efficient strategies for expanding hate speech detection into under-resourced languages,

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:54.295804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation b7c25596-fd58-4944-913c-5e323dbd39c5 · outbound

This paper cites Automat- ing news comment moderation with limited resources: Benchmarking in Croatian and Estonian,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Automat- ing news comment moderation with limited resources: Benchmarking in Croatian and Estonian,

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.685836Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 351b8a7e-a0d5-4a29-b035-5f72e733eca8 · outbound

This paper cites Facebook, Twitter struggling in fight against Balkan content violations,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Facebook, Twitter struggling in fight against Balkan content violations,

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:54.286019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 590cc5d7-3448-4642-ac0a-aa5ebb8628a7 · outbound

This paper cites Multilingual offensive language identification for low-resource languages,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Multilingual offensive language identification for low-resource languages,

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.676068Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 70f8c53d-1677-4b24-9c7a-c1241d4ca309 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond Balkanism: The scholarly politics of region making,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Beyond Balkanism: The scholarly politics of region making,

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:54.276208Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 9cb22278-f534-4f11-9de8-bf011fc04f42 · outbound

This paper cites YouTube users by country 2025,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages YouTube users by country 2025,

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:54.265638Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 487b825c-97b9-40df-a641-93fc4e9156e1 · outbound

This paper cites TikTok user age, gender, and demographics (2025),.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages TikTok user age, gender, and demographics (2025),

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:54.255742Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation d72356a7-c50f-4019-b3c5-8fa6bb676078 · outbound

This paper cites Code- switching patterns can be an effective route to improve performance of downstream NLP applications: A case study of humour, sarcasm and hate speech detection,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Code- switching patterns can be an effective route to improve performance of downstream NLP applications: A case study of humour, sarcasm and hate speech detection,

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.666019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 8772eeb6-b858-4c23-85de-6768eace0262 · outbound

This paper cites A multitask, multilingual, multimodal evaluation of ChatGPT on reasoning, halluci- nation, and interactivity,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages A multitask, multilingual, multimodal evaluation of ChatGPT on reasoning, halluci- nation, and interactivity,

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.492133Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 06f1f982-5dc3-41fb-88f5-e84b72852d42 · outbound

This paper cites Using Convolutional Neural Networks to Classify Hate-Speech,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Using Convolutional Neural Networks to Classify Hate-Speech,

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.495309Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f75f7c5b-22ca-43a7-9e60-9680cd155c98 · outbound

This paper cites Toxic speech detection using traditional machine learning models and BERT and fastText em- bedding with deep neural networks,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Toxic speech detection using traditional machine learning models and BERT and fastText em- bedding with deep neural networks,

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.498551Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fac924dd-26d9-4937-a50a-272bf01001e7 · outbound

This paper cites A comparative study of using pre-trained language models for toxic comment classification,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages A comparative study of using pre-trained language models for toxic comment classification,

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.501812Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d10bd99c-f3b5-46bc-b5b9-7b50ae5e2d66 · outbound

This paper cites A machine learning ap- proach to identify toxic language in the online space,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages A machine learning ap- proach to identify toxic language in the online space,

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:54.031753Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 5fa3b344-f2c8-430e-89ce-6e37c860cb36 · outbound

This paper cites Towards generalisable hate speech detection: A review on obstacles and solutions,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Towards generalisable hate speech detection: A review on obstacles and solutions,

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.643558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 28e39fb4-f4d3-4657-8e52-2e721d270170 · outbound

This paper cites Watch your lan- guage: Investigating content moderation with large language mod- els,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Watch your lan- guage: Investigating content moderation with large language mod- els,

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.511464Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 69d69b52-568e-4b12-ae2b-f644af43de61 · outbound

This paper cites Probing LLMs for hate speech detection: strengths and vulnerabilities,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Probing LLMs for hate speech detection: strengths and vulnerabilities,

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.515240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 99dde630-bd75-44df-a79e-0b34943d0439 · outbound

This paper cites Moderating Harm: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Cyberbullying Detection in YouTube Comments.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Moderating Harm: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Cyberbullying Detection in YouTube Comments

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.518319Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b7cd0b71-9896-4a4c-a4b4-4d4d664e1c82 · outbound

This paper cites Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models,

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:54.245736Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c81e3968-6581-405a-a822-8b205aee4461 · outbound

This paper cites Moderating new waves of online hate with chain- of-thought reasoning in large language models,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Moderating new waves of online hate with chain- of-thought reasoning in large language models,

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.524817Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 6416f787-06da-4480-86fe-334276e566b1 · outbound

This paper cites Improving covert toxicity detection by retrieving and generating references,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Improving covert toxicity detection by retrieving and generating references,

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.527888Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3ec28efe-a949-4a78-8580-afd87f68f5b4 · outbound

This paper cites Abusive speech detection in Serbian using machine learning,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Abusive speech detection in Serbian using machine learning,

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:54.235759Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 35b0042d-1601-4005-99a7-4e4067e1b231 · outbound

This paper cites Early dialectal diversity in South Slavic II,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Early dialectal diversity in South Slavic II,

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.903136Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 181814f4-6b79-4ca6-b00d-c02012fc3903 · outbound

This paper cites Tviterasi, tvitera ˇsi or twittera ˇsi? Pro- ducing and analysing a normalised dataset of Croatian and Serbian tweets,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Tviterasi, tvitera ˇsi or twittera ˇsi? Pro- ducing and analysing a normalised dataset of Croatian and Serbian tweets,

Reference 27

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.614458Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation a8ff1287-4a01-42c2-9032-40b3ef6ce8f0 · outbound

This paper cites SRBerta—A transformer language model for Serbian Cyrillic legal texts,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages SRBerta—A transformer language model for Serbian Cyrillic legal texts,

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.603858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation ac4725dc-e0c7-487c-bba0-86452729c381 · outbound

This paper cites Development of a multilingual model for machine sentiment analysis in the Ser- bian language,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Development of a multilingual model for machine sentiment analysis in the Ser- bian language,

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.592967Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation cf2a9278-89d2-41fd-9f4f-f723abc1b975 · outbound

This paper cites Detecting ugly and derogatory words in Serbian language using a web browser extension,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Detecting ugly and derogatory words in Serbian language using a web browser extension,

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.547889Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 4482c32c-abd7-47bc-85d9-efea3ca36967 · outbound

This paper cites Fine-tuning GPT-3.5 for hate speech detection in Albanian YouTube comments: Challenges and analysis,.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Fine-tuning GPT-3.5 for hate speech detection in Albanian YouTube comments: Challenges and analysis,

Reference 31

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.582197Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 91f502ac-951c-45a7-8832-01131c54a529 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Large Language Models for Toxic Language Detection in Low-Resource Balkan Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 5691

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T04:40:53.695552Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.