Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.23394.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.23394 v1

Coverage vector

measured 32 of 32 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:48.230073Z

measured 32 of 32 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

32 of 32 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy9
unresolved22
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 5b48f51c-ca77-4219-9eaf-3262bfa830b3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:51.105003Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation c531023b-4a2b-4891-a922-61b6eb0849b3 · outbound

This paper cites 2025), Meta's Llama series (Grattafiori, et al.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools 2025), Meta's Llama series (Grattafiori, et al

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:50.839676Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation afa99ade-fb42-454a-b18c-0b87c69018b0 · outbound

This paper cites Branch-and-Merge.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Branch-and-Merge

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:50.510456Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 17519c94-c191-447f-ae20-ac13e1c39577 · outbound

This paper cites However, both frameworks remain predominantly English-centric.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools However, both frameworks remain predominantly English-centric

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:50.278743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 22d21fd0-82c5-4986-a340-cd0d2133b9aa · outbound

This paper cites First, a specialized framework was developed to measure function-calling accuracy in multilingual contexts.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools First, a specialized framework was developed to measure function-calling accuracy in multilingual contexts

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:49.788670Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 6d093ded-a63c-4d53-bf92-d470225f94f1 · outbound

This paper cites Adapting Multilingual LLMs to Low-Resource Languages using Continued Pre-training and Synthetic Corpus.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Adapting Multilingual LLMs to Low-Resource Languages using Continued Pre-training and Synthetic Corpus

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:45.406764Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 69806bc6-14b8-432a-a742-e40cacc1d830 · outbound

This paper cites Fine-tuned Language Models are Continual Learners.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Fine-tuned Language Models are Continual Learners

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:45.557004Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dec7e1c1-e30c-499c-ad62-29f09913eba1 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA Beyond English: An Empirical Study on Language Capability Transfer.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools LLaMA Beyond English: An Empirical Study on Language Capability Transfer

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:45.936753Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 98da13c7-06b7-4aaf-8106-4dfc9128c8cb · outbound

This paper cites Model Context Protocol (MCP): Landscape, Security Threats, and Future Research Directions.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Model Context Protocol (MCP): Landscape, Security Threats, and Future Research Directions

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.183691Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 84960dc4-671a-44e2-9735-fecc8d588714 · outbound

This paper cites JSONSchemaBench: A Rigorous Benchmark of Structured Outputs for Language Models.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools JSONSchemaBench: A Rigorous Benchmark of Structured Outputs for Language Models

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.272962Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation abdd9d83-3fd3-47f5-b54e-b0af20935c7d · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.327020Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1f79f661-ba7d-4b01-9b85-5a02d3cd10c2 · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 3 Technical Report.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Gemma 3 Technical Report

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.355968Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9fb00633-9cd2-4a97-b4c0-2a53d0bd1ca7 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.470381Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cc705581-a7e0-4e56-a191-f311a1c0cae4 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen3 Technical Report.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Qwen3 Technical Report

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.622392Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a9a0da89-892c-40bc-b1de-e41c06c0a6a2 · outbound

This paper cites Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.772341Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 376ede46-c4eb-4510-8b6f-4b0cef94e5b6 · outbound

This paper cites arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.17892.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.17892

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.939653Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4bed2e4e-dad8-49cc-b052-7d585855933e · outbound

This paper cites MaLA-500: Massive Language Adaptation of Large Language Models.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools MaLA-500: Massive Language Adaptation of Large Language Models

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:47.044493Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f608ba78-d96c-4225-b51d-c4f611ae47ca · outbound

This paper cites Targeted Multilingual Adaptation for Low-resource Language Families.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Targeted Multilingual Adaptation for Low-resource Language Families

Reference 25

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:48.645812Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 4fc4bbf7-5c21-47fb-b7ea-9cf6057d8c3f · outbound

This paper cites Planning, Creation, Usage: Benchmarking LLMs for Comprehensive Tool Utilization in Real-World Complex Scenarios.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Planning, Creation, Usage: Benchmarking LLMs for Comprehensive Tool Utilization in Real-World Complex Scenarios

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:47.386705Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6ac1df20-9361-4c43-82c9-f4898d7e2d0e · outbound

This paper cites MetaTool Benchmark for Large Language Models: Deciding Whether to Use Tools and Which to Use.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools MetaTool Benchmark for Large Language Models: Deciding Whether to Use Tools and Which to Use

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:47.549550Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation df1edc00-06ac-4a00-ba81-7c9cc172fbae · outbound

This paper cites T-Eval: Evaluating the Tool Utilization Capability of Large Language Models Step by Step.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools T-Eval: Evaluating the Tool Utilization Capability of Large Language Models Step by Step

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:47.725080Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fbf94218-c712-4739-a720-6cd219610e7c · outbound

This paper cites Efficient Unseen Language Adaptation for Multilingual Pre-Trained Language Models.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Efficient Unseen Language Adaptation for Multilingual Pre-Trained Language Models

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:49.264659Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 4e5ac1d4-53b1-4a8f-881b-74a20ced8816 · outbound

This paper cites ToolSandbox: A Stateful, Conversational, Interactive Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Tool Use Capabilities.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools ToolSandbox: A Stateful, Conversational, Interactive Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Tool Use Capabilities

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:47.975577Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 287eecaa-81d8-4a2e-a7e9-1059420c2b39 · outbound

This paper cites BgGPT 1.0: Extending English-centric LLMs to other languages.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools BgGPT 1.0: Extending English-centric LLMs to other languages

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:48.121143Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b4b705f0-16f9-406f-94d3-6aebd44a91c2 · outbound

This paper cites ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIs.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIs

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:48.230073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 34f7d832-b3d0-4413-99cc-6b69a2c04b16 · outbound

This paper cites Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge

Reference 2018

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:46.079021Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 73d4e4bb-02ae-48ad-b0a7-61fe38e3bd34 · outbound

This paper cites HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:45.828630Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2baf46c8-9fe3-405d-b0bf-e1de986fea0d · outbound

This paper cites Transformers: State-of-the-art natural language processing.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Transformers: State-of-the-art natural language processing

Reference 2020

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:49.560821Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 764d763a-de98-4b6e-8e40-653970d6da41 · outbound

This paper cites Recent work demonstrates that soft-prompt tuning can achieve effective cross-lingual transfer using merely 0.28% of tuned parameters (Chen and Chen 2024).

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools Recent work demonstrates that soft-prompt tuning can achieve effective cross-lingual transfer using merely 0.28% of tuned parameters (Chen and Chen 2024)

Reference 2022

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:50.022739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 32332ab8-1414-4db8-840f-4d7307550ec4 · outbound

This paper cites ToolAlpaca: Generalized Tool Learning for Language Models with 3000 Simulated Cases.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools ToolAlpaca: Generalized Tool Learning for Language Models with 3000 Simulated Cases

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:45.295869Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 93e61d6e-6388-45c5-8f03-9a92646a305d · outbound

This paper cites book a flight to Barcelona.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools book a flight to Barcelona

Reference 2024

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:50.997359Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation a74eae30-4826-45e3-a102-9babe43a3cfe · outbound

This paper cites curse of multilinguality.

Teaching a Language Model to Speak the Language of Tools curse of multilinguality

Reference 2025

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T21:48:50.684734Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.