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arxiv: 2506.23585 · v2 · submitted 2025-06-30 · 🧮 math.GR · math.CO· math.MG

Quasi-isometric embeddings of Ramanujan complexes

Pith reviewed 2026-05-19 07:56 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🧮 math.GR math.COmath.MG
keywords Ramanujan complexesquasi-isometric embeddingsEuclidean buildingsbox spacesrigidityexpandersLubotzky-Samuels-Vishne construction
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The pith

Ramanujan complexes associated with distinct primes do not quasi-isometrically embed into one another.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper shows that Ramanujan complexes built from different primes cannot be quasi-isometrically embedded into each other. These complexes are high-dimensional analogues of Ramanujan graphs, obtained as quotients of the Euclidean building of PGL_d over a local field by cocompact lattices. The distinction arises at the level of large-scale geometry, separating the objects according to the prime that defines the underlying field. A reader would care because this separates families of optimal expanders by their coarse geometric invariants rather than by local combinatorial data.

Core claim

If p and q are distinct primes, then the Ramanujan complexes associated to p and q do not quasi-isometrically embed into one another. The argument applies box space rigidity and Euclidean building rigidity directly to the quotients constructed by Lubotzky-Samuels-Vishne from the Euclidean building of PGL_d(F_p((y))).

What carries the argument

The quotients of the Euclidean building of PGL_d(F_p((y))) by cocompact lattices, to which box space rigidity and Euclidean building rigidity are applied to obtain non-embeddings.

If this is right

  • The large-scale geometry of a Ramanujan complex encodes the prime used to define its underlying Euclidean building.
  • Ramanujan complexes coming from different primes lie in distinct classes with respect to quasi-isometric embeddability.
  • High-dimensional optimal expanders can be separated by asymptotic invariants inherited from the buildings.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The prime might be recoverable from the quasi-isometry type of the complex alone.
  • Similar rigidity methods could separate other families of quotients of buildings or related expander constructions.
  • This geometric distinction offers a new lens for classifying high-dimensional expanders beyond spectral properties.

Load-bearing premise

Rigidity theorems for box spaces and Euclidean buildings extend directly to the specific quotients used in the Ramanujan complex construction.

What would settle it

An explicit quasi-isometric embedding between the Ramanujan complexes for two different primes p and q would falsify the claim.

read the original abstract

Ramanujan complexes were defined as high dimensional analogues of the optimal expanders, Ramanujan graphs. They were constructed as quotients of the Euclidean building (also called the affine building and the Bruhat-Tits building) of $\mathrm{PGL}_d(\mathbb{F}_p((y)))$ by certain cocompact lattices by Lubotzky-Samuels-Vishne. We distinguish the Ramanujan complexes up to large-scale geometry. More precisely, we show that if $p$ and $q$ are distinct primes, then the associated Ramanujan complexes do not quasi-isometrically embed into one another. The main tools are the box space rigidity of Khukhro-Valette and the Euclidean building rigidity of Kleiner-Leeb and Fisher-Whyte.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript claims that if p and q are distinct primes, then the Ramanujan complexes X_p and X_q (constructed as quotients of the Euclidean building of PGL_d(F_p((y))) by cocompact lattices in the Lubotzky-Samuels-Vishne construction) do not quasi-isometrically embed into one another. The argument relies on the box space rigidity theorem of Khukhro-Valette together with the Euclidean building rigidity theorems of Kleiner-Leeb and Fisher-Whyte.

Significance. If the result held, it would distinguish families of high-dimensional Ramanujan complexes by large-scale geometry and illustrate how rigidity phenomena for buildings and box spaces can be transferred to these quotients. The manuscript correctly identifies and cites the two main external rigidity results as its tools.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract and main theorem (presumably Theorem 1.1): the claim that the Ramanujan complexes for distinct primes do not quasi-isometrically embed into one another is false. Each complex is a finite simplicial complex with the path metric and is therefore a bounded metric space. For any two bounded metric spaces (X,d_X) and (Y,d_Y), the constant map f:X→Y with K=1 and C=max(diam(X),diam(Y)) satisfies (1/K)d_X(x,y)−C ≤ d(f(x),f(y)) ≤ K d_X(x,y)+C for all x,y, because the left-hand side is ≤0 while the right-hand side is ≥0. This directly falsifies the central claim and renders the cited rigidity theorems inapplicable to the finite quotients themselves.
  2. [Introduction] Introduction / proof outline: the manuscript assumes without explicit verification that the box-space rigidity of Khukhro-Valette and the building rigidity of Kleiner-Leeb/Fisher-Whyte transfer directly to the individual finite quotients arising in the Lubotzky-Samuels-Vishne construction. Because the rigidity statements concern either infinite buildings or box spaces built from sequences of quotients, this transfer step is load-bearing for the argument yet is not justified in detail.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Section 2] The definition of the path metric on the finite simplicial complexes and the precise statement of what 'associated Ramanujan complex' means for each prime should be stated explicitly in §2 to avoid ambiguity with the underlying infinite building.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading of the manuscript and for identifying a critical flaw in the statement of the main result. We fully agree that the current formulation is incorrect, as the Ramanujan complexes are finite and thus bounded metric spaces that always admit quasi-isometric embeddings into one another. We will revise the manuscript to correct the claim and to properly situate the application of the cited rigidity theorems.

read point-by-point responses
  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract and main theorem (presumably Theorem 1.1): the claim that the Ramanujan complexes for distinct primes do not quasi-isometrically embed into one another is false. Each complex is a finite simplicial complex with the path metric and is therefore a bounded metric space. For any two bounded metric spaces (X,d_X) and (Y,d_Y), the constant map f:X→Y with K=1 and C=max(diam(X),diam(Y)) satisfies (1/K)d_X(x,y)−C ≤ d(f(x),f(y)) ≤ K d_X(x,y)+C for all x,y, because the left-hand side is ≤0 while the right-hand side is ≥0. This directly falsifies the central claim and renders the cited rigidity theorems inapplicable to the finite quotients themselves.

    Authors: We agree with the referee that the stated claim is false. The Ramanujan complexes arising in the Lubotzky-Samuels-Vishne construction are finite simplicial complexes equipped with the path metric, hence bounded metric spaces. As the referee notes, the constant map provides a quasi-isometric embedding between any two bounded spaces. This renders the main theorem, as written in the abstract and Theorem 1.1, incorrect, and the cited rigidity results cannot be applied directly to individual finite quotients in this manner. We will revise the abstract and the statement of the main theorem to assert instead that the box spaces associated to the sequences of Ramanujan complexes for distinct primes p and q do not quasi-isometrically embed into one another. This corrected formulation is consistent with the box-space rigidity theorem of Khukhro-Valette that we invoke, which applies to sequences of finite quotients rather than to any single finite complex. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Introduction] Introduction / proof outline: the manuscript assumes without explicit verification that the box-space rigidity of Khukhro-Valette and the building rigidity of Kleiner-Leeb/Fisher-Whyte transfer directly to the individual finite quotients arising in the Lubotzky-Samuels-Vishne construction. Because the rigidity statements concern either infinite buildings or box spaces built from sequences of quotients, this transfer step is load-bearing for the argument yet is not justified in detail.

    Authors: We acknowledge that the manuscript does not supply a detailed justification for transferring the rigidity theorems to the individual finite quotients. The Euclidean building rigidity theorems of Kleiner-Leeb and Fisher-Whyte apply to the infinite buildings, while the box-space rigidity of Khukhro-Valette applies to sequences of quotients (box spaces). We will revise the introduction and the proof outline to explicitly describe the passage from the Lubotzky-Samuels-Vishne quotients to the associated box spaces, and to explain how non-embedding of the box spaces for distinct primes follows from Khukhro-Valette's theorem. We will add a short subsection clarifying the relevant limiting process and the precise objects to which each rigidity result is applied. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity; derivation applies external rigidity theorems

full rationale

The paper's argument applies the box space rigidity theorem of Khukhro-Valette and the Euclidean building rigidity results of Kleiner-Leeb and Fisher-Whyte to the finite quotients arising from the Lubotzky-Samuels-Vishne construction. These are independently published external results with no indicated author overlap or self-citation chain. No step in the provided abstract or described derivation reduces by definition, fitting, or renaming to an internal input; the central non-embedding claim is presented as a direct consequence of those cited theorems rather than a self-referential construction.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on the applicability of two external rigidity theorems to the specific quotients defining Ramanujan complexes; no free parameters or new entities are introduced.

axioms (2)
  • standard math Box space rigidity theorem of Khukhro-Valette
    Invoked to distinguish the complexes via their large-scale geometry.
  • standard math Euclidean building rigidity of Kleiner-Leeb and Fisher-Whyte
    Applied to the underlying buildings of the Ramanujan complexes.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5649 in / 1186 out tokens · 24398 ms · 2026-05-19T07:56:39.688690+00:00 · methodology

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