Pith. sign in

REVIEW 4 major objections 4 minor 53 references

Assembling and Modeling Stacked Disordered Metasurfaces

T0 review · 4 major / 4 minor · reviewed 2026-08-06 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read A stack of disordered metasurfaces scatters diffuse light layer by layer, with each layer driven by the coherent field the whole stack creates.

desk verdict Fabrication and specular model are solid; the diffuse-model claim overreaches and the abstract overstates its accuracy. read the letter →

arxiv 2506.23666 v1 pith:UTDNU26T submitted 2025-06-30 physics.optics

Miao Chen , Amit Sharma , Johann Michler , Xavier Maeder , Philippe Lalanne , Angelos Xomalis This is my paper · ORCID
classification physics.optics
keywords disorderedmetasurfacesmetasurfacestacksdiffusereflectanceBRDFchromo-encryptionplasmonicnanoparticlesatomiclayerdepositionstructuralcolor
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper argues that the diffuse, angle-resolved light scattered by a stack of disordered metasurfaces can be predicted by treating each layer separately, as long as each layer is driven by the coherent field that the whole stack produces at that layer's depth. The authors build a lithography-free fabrication route, using atomic layer deposition, metal sputtering, and thermal dewetting, to make one-, two-, and three-layer gold nanoparticle stacks with sub-micron total thickness, and they measure both specular and diffuse reflection with a BRDF setup. Their model sums the diffuse BRDFs of the individual layers, with each contribution weighted by the ratio of the local coherent field intensity to the background field intensity. Using this picture, they show that stacking shifts the spectral weight of the diffuse scattering, and they exploit the effect in a centimeter-scale chromo-encryption surface that looks similar under room light but displays different diffuse colors under a collimated beam.

What carries the argument

Equation (1), $f_{\mathrm{diff}} = \sum_m f_{\mathrm{diff}}^{(m)}$, is the central identity: it asserts that inter-layer diffuse interference is absent because the random particle positions in different layers are statistically independent. Each $f_{\mathrm{diff}}^{(m)}$ follows the single-layer independent-scattering form, density times form factor times structure factor, with the form factor built from the Jones matrix of one meta-atom, $\mathbf{J}^{(m)}$, and the excitation correction $\alpha^{(m)}$ in front. The coherent excitation field $\mathbf{E}_{\mathrm{coh}}$ comes from a standard $2\times2$ transfer-matrix computation of the stack, and $\alpha^{(m)}$ measures how much that field is enhanced or suppressed relative to the layer's isolated background field. This construction disentangles the intrinsic scattering pattern of a nanoparticle, the form factor, from the layered environment that drives it, the coherent field.

What would settle it

Measure the diffuse BRDF of two three-layer stacks made from the same nominal layers but with one middle layer deliberately shifted or rotated in plane; if the diffuse pattern changes with that shift, the layer positions are not statistically independent and Eq. (1)'s incoherent sum is incomplete. A more direct check is a high-resolution angular scan of MS-3 near 650 nm, where the model predicts a pronounced large-angle peak while the measured data show a broad small-angle peak.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper's central claim is that the diffuse reflection of a stacked disordered metasurface is the incoherent sum of layer-resolved diffuse reflections, $f_{\mathrm{diff}} = \sum_m f_{\mathrm{diff}}^{(m)}$, provided that for each layer $m$ the single-particle scattering form factor is multiplied by $\alpha^{(m)}=|\mathbf{E}_{\mathrm{coh}}(\mathbf{k}_i,z^{(m)})|^2/|\mathbf{E}_b(\mathbf{k}_i,z^{(m)})|^2$, the ratio of the coherent intensity at that layer to the background intensity in the absence of the particles. The coherent field is obtained from a transfer-matrix model of the whole stack, so it already contains the modifications caused by all other layers. The authors validate this model against measured BRDF maps for one-, two-, and three-layer samples at normal incidence and against specular reflection maps up to 60 degrees. The main consequence is that the diffuse color of a stack is set not only by the nanoparticle resonances but by where the layers sit in the stack's standing-wave coherent field, giving a design lever that single-layer metasurfaces do not have.

Load-bearing premise

The calculation assumes that the random positions of nanoparticles in different layers are statistically independent, so the diffuse contributions of different layers add without interference; if layer-to-layer correlation is significant, the predicted angular pattern fails.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • The diffuse color of a stack can be tuned by changing the number of layers or the spacer thickness, because these shift the coherent standing-wave field at each layer's position.
  • Specular and diffuse responses can be designed together: the same transfer-matrix field that predicts the specular reflection also determines the weighting factors in the diffuse model.
  • Centimeter-scale chromo-encryption is realizable: stacks can be made that look nearly identical under ambient diffuse light but show distinct diffuse colors under direct collimated illumination.
  • Because the model is semi-analytical, design scans over layer number, spacer thickness, particle size, and density can be computed in seconds rather than by full-wave simulation.
  • The framework is not tied to gold or to visible wavelengths; any material and spectral range with a known single-particle Jones matrix can be inserted.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Beyond the paper: because $\alpha^{(m)}$ varies with depth, a laterally patterned spacer thickness could encode a diffuse-color image readable only under direct illumination, without lithographic patterning of the nanoparticles themselves.
  • Beyond the paper: the large-angle discrepancy seen in the three-layer sample points to the next corrections a fuller model should include, namely inter-particle multiple scattering and any residual layer-to-layer positional correlation, with an explicit inter-layer interference term replacing the zero that Eq. (1) assumes.
  • Beyond the paper: the same layer-resolved excitation logic should transfer to diffuse transmittance and to random multilayer coatings for lighting and display optics, where the coherent field inside the stack is likewise depth-dependent.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 4 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports a wafer-scale, lithography-free fabrication route to stacked disordered plasmonic metasurfaces based on ALD-deposited Al2O3 spacers, sputtered Au films, and solid-state dewetting. It presents a semi-analytical transfer-matrix model for the specular (coherent) reflectance of these stacks, validated against angle-resolved measurements up to 60 degrees, and a layer-resolved diffuse BRDF model (Eqs. 1-3) in which each layer's diffuse contribution is weighted by the ratio of the local coherent excitation intensity to the background field intensity. The paper applies this framework to a chromo-encryption demonstration in which the diffuse color changes with the number of layers and with direct versus diffuse illumination. The central claim is that stacking modifies the coherent field exciting each layer and that this mechanism quantitatively controls the diffuse color of the stack.

Significance. The specular model is a genuine strength: it uses only SEM-extracted geometry and tabulated optical constants, is computationally fast, and reproduces angle-resolved measurements up to 60 degrees for three stacks with different layer counts. The diffuse model is physically appealing and, if validated, would provide a design rule for multilayer disordered metasurfaces for which no comparable simple model exists. The chromo-encryption device, though not quantitatively modeled, is an attractive visual demonstration with potential applications in authentication. However, the quantitative validation of the diffuse model is currently restricted to normal incidence, high-density samples with ad hoc intensity scaling, and its only angular test (MS-3) fails. The central claim that the coherent-excitation mechanism quantitatively tunes diffuse color is therefore plausible but not established by the data presented.

major comments (4)
  1. [Model for the diffuse light component; Eq. (2)] The diffuse model is compared to experiment in Fig. 4 only for samples with densities rho = 70, 80, 90 um^-2 (MS-1, MS-2, MS-3), which are one to two orders of magnitude above the stated validity range of the independent scattering approximation (rho < 1-2 um^-2, and rho = 10 um^-2 even with the correction factor). The correction factor C^(m) is nevertheless set to 1. At these densities, quantitative comparison is impossible because the measured BRDFs of MS-1 and MS-2 are arbitrarily multiplied by x3 and x1.5 before plotting. The authors should either (i) validate the model on samples with densities within the claimed validity range and report absolute (unscaled) BRDF values, or (ii) implement and calibrate the correction factor C^(m) and demonstrate that it accounts for the high-density data.
  2. [Comparison model vs experiment; Fig. 4g-i] The model predicts a strong large-angle peak around 650 nm for MS-3 that is not observed in the experimental data, which instead show an intense peak at small scattering angles. The authors attribute this discrepancy to multiple scattering and residual inter-layer conformity, i.e., precisely the mechanisms neglected in Eqs. (1)-(3). This is not a minor deviation: it is a failure of the model's angular prediction for the triple-layer stack at the demonstrated density. At minimum, the abstract's statement that the models 'remain valid even at large incidence angles' must be qualified to the specular component, and the diffuse model's angular predictions need to be tested at oblique incidence and at densities within its validity range.
  3. [Model for the diffuse light component; Eq. (1) and Suppl. Eqs. S2.4-S2.5] The incoherent sum in Eq. (1) relies on the assumption that meta-atom positions on different layers are statistically independent. The authors state that 'some residual conformity likely exists due to the fabrication process and the interference term highlighted in Suppl. Note S2.1 (Eqs. S2.4-S2.5) might impact the directionality of the radiation.' Since the central physical mechanism of the paper is that the coherent excitation field (alpha) tunes the diffuse color, the model cannot isolate this mechanism if inter-layer correlations contribute to the measured directionality. The authors should either quantify the expected magnitude of the interference term for their fabricated stacks (e.g., via electron microscopy pair-correlation analysis between layers or by simulating correlated stacks) or restrict the model's claims to the uncorrelated regime.
  4. [Fig. 4 and Fig. 5; Application to chromo-encryption] The attribution of the diffuse color changes to the coherent-excitation mechanism is confounded in the main BRDF comparison: MS-1, MS-2, and MS-3 differ not only in layer number and spacer thickness but also in nanodisc diameter (60, 52, 42 nm) and density (70, 80, 90 um^-2). The observed spectral shifts could therefore reflect particle size or density effects rather than the alpha mechanism. The chromo-encryption samples do control for size in Set 1, but no model comparison is shown for those samples. I request a controlled experiment in which single-layer parameters (particle size, density, morphology) are held constant while only the layer number and spacer thickness are varied, together with model predictions for those samples.
minor comments (4)
  1. [Application to chromo-encryption] In the text describing the chromo-encryption samples, the references to 'Fig. 4b' and 'Fig. 4d' (e.g., 'Fig. 4b, left' and 'Fig. 4b, right') should be to Fig. 5b and Fig. 5d.
  2. [Model for the diffuse light component] The sentence 'the ratio C^(m)/(cos theta_i cos theta_s) in Eq. (2) is set to 1' is ambiguous; setting the whole ratio to 1 would remove the angle-dependent cosines, which is unlikely intended. Please clarify that only C^(m) is taken as unity.
  3. [Figure 3 caption] The caption phrase 'a. laying of the layered substrate' is ungrammatical; it should read 'a metasurface placed on a layered substrate' or similar.
  4. [Model for the diffuse light component] The nanodisc height of 35 nm is introduced without stating its source; please state whether it is obtained from TEM/SEM cross-sections or is a model parameter.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 2.0 of 10

No construction-level circularity: diffuse-stack predictions are driven by TMM-computed coherent fields and SEM-extracted parameters, not fitted to the diffuse BRDF; minor same-group self-citations are not load-bearing.

full rationale

The specular model is validated independently against angle-resolved specular reflectance using SEM-extracted diameters and densities (60/52/42 nm; 70/80/90 µm^-2) and tabulated Au refractive index; no diffuse BRDF data enter the parameter choice. The diffuse-stack model (Eqs. 1-3) extends the single-layer independent-scattering BRDF of Ref. 9 by weighting each layer form factor with alpha^(m)=|E_coh|^2/|E_b|^2, where E_coh is the mean-field solution of the transfer-matrix specular model. This alpha is computed, not fitted; the product alpha*|J e_i|^2 is then compared with measured BRDF maps. The arbitrary x3/x1.5 scalings in Fig. 4 are display rescaling, not parameters of Eqs. 1-3. Self-citations (Refs. 9,22,23,47) provide the prior single-layer form-factor and correction-factor framework, but the stack incoherent sum and coherent-excitation weighting are original and tested on new multilayer samples. The acknowledged high-density discrepancies (rho=70-90 µm^-2 vs. model validity rho<10 µm^-2; residual inter-layer conformity and neglected multiple scattering) are limitations and correctness risks, not circularity. The derivation chain therefore does not reduce to its inputs.

Assumptions & free parameters 1 free parameters · 6 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The model stack rests on the independent scattering approximation, cross-layer statistical independence, a nanodisc shape assumption, and the new coherent-field excitation approximation. These are reasonable but not all validated at the tested densities. No new physical entities are invented.

free parameters (1)
  • nanodisc height = 35 nm
    Fixed for all nanodiscs in all samples; not independently measured per sample. It affects both specular and diffuse model predictions, and no sensitivity analysis is provided.
assumptions (6)
  • domain assumption Independent scattering approximation
    Used to derive Eq. (2); the paper applies it at densities 70-90 um^-2, far beyond the stated validity range of rho < 1-2 um^-2 from Ref 9.
  • domain assumption Statistical independence of particle positions across layers
    Used to derive Eq. (1) as an incoherent sum; authors acknowledge residual conformity may exist from the fabrication process.
  • ad hoc to paper Coherent excitation field approximation
    For each layer, the excitation field is the average of the coherent field just above and below the layer (alpha factor); introduced in this work and not derived from first principles.
  • domain assumption Nanodisc model for AuNPs
    AuNPs are modeled as cylindrical nanodiscs with fixed height 35 nm and diameters from SEM; real NPs are polydisperse, acknowledged as the source of linewidth discrepancy.
  • domain assumption Homogeneous background medium for each metasurface
    Each metasurface is buried in a homogeneous medium (air or Al2O3) for computing single-particle scattering; ignores near-field coupling between particles.
  • standard math Transfer-matrix method for layered media
    Standard 2x2 TMM accounts for propagation through homogeneous Al2O3 layers; used for the specular model and to compute coherent fields.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Assembling and Modeling Stacked Disordered Metasurfaces." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/UTDNU26T

@misc{pith2026250623666,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Assembling and Modeling Stacked Disordered Metasurfaces},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/UTDNU26T}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2506.23666}
}
read the original abstract

Disordered metasurfaces offer unique properties unattainable with periodic or ordered metasurfaces, notably the absence of deterministic interference effects at specific wavelengths and angles. In this work, we introduce a lithography-free nanofabrication approach to realize cascaded disordered plasmonic metasurfaces with sub-micron total thickness. We experimentally characterize their angle-resolved specular and diffuse reflections using the bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) and develop accurate theoretical models that remain valid even at large incidence angles. These models reveal the intricate interplay between coherent (specular) and incoherent (diffuse) scattering and demonstrate how coherent illumination can strongly influence the perceived color of diffusely scattered light. Exploiting this effect, we realize a centimeter-scale chromo-encryption device whose color changes depending on whether it is viewed under direct or diffuse illumination. Our results lay the groundwork for advanced nanophotonic platforms based on stacked disordered metasurfaces, offering versatile optical functionalities inaccessible with traditional multilayer thin-film technologies or single-layer metasurfaces.

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

53 extracted references · 53 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Roadmap on photonic metasurfaces

    S. A. Schulz, R. F. Oulton, M. Kenney et al., "Roadmap on photonic metasurfaces", Appl. Phys. Lett. 124, 260701 (2024)

    work page 2024

  2. [2]

    Roadmap for optical metasurfaces

    A. I. Kuznetsov, M. L. Brongersma, J. Yao, et al., "Roadmap for optical metasurfaces", ACS photonics 11, 816-865 (2024)

    work page 2024

  3. [3]

    All-dielectric metasurface for high-performance structural color

    W. Yang, S. Xiao, Q. Song, Y . Liu, Y . Wu, S. Wang, J. Yu, J. Han, D. P . Tsai, "All-dielectric metasurface for high-performance structural color", Nat. Commun. 11, 1864 (2020)

    work page 2020

  4. [4]

    Color imaging via nearest neighbor hole coupling in plasmonic color filters integrated onto a complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensor

    S. P . Burgos, S. Yokogawa, H. A. Atwater, "Color imaging via nearest neighbor hole coupling in plasmonic color filters integrated onto a complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensor", ACS Nano 7, 10038–10047 (2013)

    work page 2013

  5. [5]

    Metasurface-driven OLED displays beyond 10,000 pixels per inch

    W. J. Joo, J. Kyoung, M. Esfandyarpour, S.H. Lee, H. Koo, S. Song, Y .N. Kwon, S.H. Song, J.C. Bae, A. Jo, M.J. Kwon, "Metasurface-driven OLED displays beyond 10,000 pixels per inch", Science 370, 459–463 (2020)

    work page 2020

  6. [6]

    Detecting mid-infrared light by molecular frequency upconversion in dual -wavelength nanoantennas

    A. Xomalis, X. Zheng, R. Chikkaraddy, Z. Koczor-Benda, E. Miele, E. Rosta, G.A. Vandenbosch, A. Martínez, J. J. Baumberg, "Detecting mid-infrared light by molecular frequency upconversion in dual -wavelength nanoantennas ", Science 374, 1268 -1271 (2021)

    work page 2021

  7. [7]

    Metasurface holograms reaching 80% efficiency

    G. Zheng, H. Mühlenbernd, M. Kenney, G. Li, T. Zentgraf, S. Zhang, "Metasurface holograms reaching 80% efficiency", Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 308-312 (2015)

    work page 2015

  8. [8]

    Disordered optical metasurfaces: from light manipulation to energy harvesting

    Z. Hu, C. Liu and G. Li, "Disordered optical metasurfaces: from light manipulation to energy harvesting", Advances in Physics: X 8, 2234136 (2023)

    work page 2023

Show all 53 references
  1. [9]

    Disordered optical metasurfaces: basics, design and applications

    P . Lalanne, M. Chen, C. Rockstuhl, A. Sprafke, A. Dmitriev, K. Vynck, "Disordered optical metasurfaces: basics, design and applications", Adv. Opt. Photon. 17, 45-112 (2025)

    2025

  2. [10]

    Engineered disorder in photonics

    S. Yu, C.-W. Qiu, Y . Chong, S. Torquato, N. Park, "Engineered disorder in photonics", Nature Reviews 6, 226-243 (2021)

    2021

  3. [11]

    Light in correlated disordered media

    K. Vynck, R. Pierrat, R. Carminati, L. S. Froufe-Pérez, F. Scheffold, R. Sapienza, S. Vignolini, and J. J. Sáenz, "Light in correlated disordered media", Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 045003 (2023)

    2023

  4. [12]

    Large-Area Metasurface Perfect Absorbers from Visible to Near-Infrared

    G. M. Akselrod, J. Huang, T. B. Hoang, P . T. Bowen, L. Su, D. R. Smith, M. H. Mikkelsen, "Large-Area Metasurface Perfect Absorbers from Visible to Near-Infrared", Adv. Mater. 27, 8028-34 (2015)

    2015

  5. [13]

    Over 65% Sunlight Absorption in a 1 µm Si Slab with Hyperuniform Texture

    N. Tavakoli, R. Spalding, P . Koppejan, G. Gkantzounis, C. Wang, R. Röhrich, E. Kontoleta, A.F. Koenderink, R. Sapienza, M. Florescu, E. Alarcon -Llado, "Over 65% Sunlight Absorption in a 1 µm Si Slab with Hyperuniform Texture", ACS Photonics 9, 1206-17 (2022)

    2022

  6. [14]

    Single- step-fabricated disordered metasurfaces for enhanced light extraction from LEDs

    P . Mao, C. Liu, X. Li, M. Liu, Q. Chen, M. Han, S. A. Maier, E. H. Sargent, S. Zhang, "Single- step-fabricated disordered metasurfaces for enhanced light extraction from LEDs", Light: Science & Applications 10, 180 (2021)

    2021

  7. [15]

    Enabling Optical Steganography, Data Storage, and Encryption with Plasmonic Colours

    M. Song, D. Wang, Z. Kudyshev, Y . Xuan, Z. Wang, A. Boltasseva, V. Shalaev, A. Kildishev, "Enabling Optical Steganography, Data Storage, and Encryption with Plasmonic Colours", Laser & Photonics Reviews 15, 2000343 (2021)

    2021

  8. [16]

    Ultralight plasmonic structural colour paint,

    P . Cencillo-Abad, D. Franklin, P . Mastranzo-Ortega, J. Sanchez -Mondragon, D. Chanda, "Ultralight plasmonic structural colour paint," Sci. Adv. 9, eadf7207 (2023)

    2023

  9. [17]

    Meta-Structured Covalent Organic Frameworks Nano -Coatings with Active and Angle-Independent Structural Colouration

    Y . Jiang, D. Chen, Z. Zhang, X. Wu, Y . Tu, Z. Zheng, L. Mao, W. Li, Y . Ma, J. Du, W.-J. Wang, P . Liu, "Meta-Structured Covalent Organic Frameworks Nano -Coatings with Active and Angle-Independent Structural Colouration", Adv. Mater. 36, 2311784 (2024)

    2024

  10. [18]

    Engineering of Diffuse Structural Colours

    Y . Billiet, V. Chevalier, S. Kostcheev, H. Kadiri, S. Blaize, A. Rumyantseva, G. Lérondel, "Engineering of Diffuse Structural Colours", Adv. Optical Mater. 12, 2302165 (2024)

    2024

  11. [19]

    Toward perfect optical diffusers: dielectric huygens metasurfaces with critical positional disorder

    D. Arslan, A. Rahimzadegan, S. Fasold, M. Falkner, W. Zhou, M. Kroychuk, C. Rockstuhl, T. Pertsch, I. Staude, "Toward perfect optical diffusers: dielectric huygens metasurfaces with critical positional disorder", Adv. Mater. 34, 2105868 (2022)

    2022

  12. [20]

    High-security learning-based optical encryption assisted by disordered metasurface

    Z. Yu, H. Li, W. Zhao, P . S. Huang, Y . T. Lin, J. Yao, W. Li, Q. Zhao, P . C. Wu, B. Li, P . Genevet, Q. Song, P . Lai, "High-security learning-based optical encryption assisted by disordered metasurface", Nat. Commun. 15, 2607 (2024)

    2024

  13. [21]

    Matte surfaces with broadband transparency enabled by highly asymmetric diffusion of white light

    H. Chu, X. Xiong, N. X. Fang, F. Wu, R. Jia, R. Peng, M. Wang, Y . Lai, "Matte surfaces with broadband transparency enabled by highly asymmetric diffusion of white light", Sci. Adv. 10, eadm8061 (2024)

    2024

  14. [22]

    The visual appearances of disordered optical metasurfaces

    K. Vynck, R. Pacanowski, A. Agreda, A. Dufay, X. Granier, P . Lalanne, "The visual appearances of disordered optical metasurfaces", Nat. Mater. 21, 1035-41 (2022)

    2022

  15. [23]

    Tailoring iridescent visual appearance with disordered resonant metasurfaces

    A. Agreda, T. Wu, A. Hereu, M. Treguer -Delapierre, G. L. Drisko, K. Vynck, P . Lalanne, "Tailoring iridescent visual appearance with disordered resonant metasurfaces", ACS Nano 17, 6362-6372 (2023)

    2023

  16. [24]

    Designer colloidal layers of disordered plasmonic nanoparticles for light extraction

    A. Jouanin, J. P . Hugonin and P . Lalanne, "Designer colloidal layers of disordered plasmonic nanoparticles for light extraction", Adv. Funct. Mater. 26, 6215-23 (2016)

    2016

  17. [25]

    Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices

    H. A. Atwater and A. Polman, "Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices", Nat. Mater. 9, 205-213 (2010)

    2010

  18. [26]

    Decher, J

    G. Decher, J. B. Schlenoff, Multilayer Thin Films: Sequential Assembly of Nanocomposite Materials, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany (2003)

    2003

  19. [27]

    Deterministic quasi- random nanostructures for photon control

    E. R. Martins, J. Li, Y . Liu, V. Depauw, Z. Chen, J. Zhou, T. F. Krauss, "Deterministic quasi- random nanostructures for photon control", Nat. Commun. 4, 2665 (2013)

    2013

  20. [28]

    Photon management in two-dimensional disordered media

    K. Vynck, M. Burresi, F. Riboli, D. S. Wiersma, "Photon management in two-dimensional disordered media", Nat. Mater. 11,1017-1022 (2012)

    2012

  21. [29]

    Multilayer noninteracting dielectric metasurfaces for multiwavelength metaoptics

    Y . Zhou, I. I. Kravchenko, H. Wang, J. R. Nolen, G. Gu, J. Valentine, "Multilayer noninteracting dielectric metasurfaces for multiwavelength metaoptics ", Nano Lett. 18, 7529-7537 (2018)

    2018

  22. [30]

    A broadband achromatic metalens for focusing and imaging in the visible

    W. T. Chen, A. Y . Zhu, V. Sanjeev, M. Khorasaninejad, Z. Shi, E. Lee, F. Capasso, "A broadband achromatic metalens for focusing and imaging in the visible ", Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 220-226 (2018)

    2018

  23. [31]

    Miniature optical planar camera based on a wide -angle metasurface doublet corrected for monochromatic aberrations

    A. Arbabi, E. Arbabi, S. M. Kamali, Y . Horie, S. Han, A. Faraon, "Miniature optical planar camera based on a wide -angle metasurface doublet corrected for monochromatic aberrations", Nat. Commun. 7, 13682 (2016)

    2016

  24. [32]

    Nonseparable polarization wavefront transformation

    Z. Shi, N. A. Rubin, J. -S. Park, and F. Capasso, "Nonseparable polarization wavefront transformation", Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 167403 (2022)

    2022

  25. [33]

    Scalable nanoimprint manufacturing of functional multilayer metasurface devices

    S. Choi, J. Zuo, N. Das, Y . Yao, C. Wang, "Scalable nanoimprint manufacturing of functional multilayer metasurface devices", Adv. Funct. Mater. 34, 2404852 (2024)

    2024

  26. [34]

    Free-standing bilayer metasurfaces in the visible

    A. H. Dorrah, J. S. Park, A. Palmieri, F. Capasso, "Free-standing bilayer metasurfaces in the visible", Nat. Commun. 16, 3126 (2025)

    2025

  27. [35]

    Harmonic generation with multi -layer dielectric metasurfaces

    G. Marino, D. Rocco, C. Gigli, G. Beaudoin, K. Pantzas, S. Suffit, P. Filloux, I. Sagnes, G. Leo, C. De Angelis, "Harmonic generation with multi -layer dielectric metasurfaces", Nanophotonics 10, 1837-1843 (2021)

    2021

  28. [36]

    Tailored disorder in photonics: learning from nature

    M. Rothammer, C. Zollfrank, K. Busch, G. von Freymann, "Tailored disorder in photonics: learning from nature", Adv. Opt. Mater. 9, 2100787 (2021)

    2021

  29. [37]

    Viburnum tinus fruits use lipids to produce metallic blue structural color

    R. Middleton, M. Sinnott-Armstrong, Y . Ogawa, G. Jacucci, E. Moyroud, P . J. Rudall, C. Prychid, M. Conejero, B.J. Glover, M.J. Donoghue, S. Vignolini, "Viburnum tinus fruits use lipids to produce metallic blue structural color", Curr. Biol. 30, 3804-3810 (2020)

    2020

  30. [38]

    Pointillist structural color in Pollia fruit

    S. Vignolini, P . J. Rudall, A. V. Rowland, A. Reed, E. Moyroud, R. B. Faden, J.J. Baumberg, B.J. Glover, U. Steiner, "Pointillist structural color in Pollia fruit", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109, 15712-15715 (2012)

    2012

  31. [39]

    Structural coloring of glass using dewetted nanoparticles and ultrathin films of metals

    R. Yu, P . Mazumder, N. F. Borrelli, A. Carrilero, D. S. Ghosh, R. A. Maniyara, D. Baker, F.J. García de Abajo, V. Pruneri, "Structural coloring of glass using dewetted nanoparticles and ultrathin films of metals", ACS Photonics 3, 1194-1201 (2016)

    2016

  32. [40]

    Multiple-scattering model for the coherent reflection and transmission of light from a disordered monolayer of particles

    A. Garcίa-Valenzuela, E. Gutiérrez-Reyes, R.G. Barrera, "Multiple-scattering model for the coherent reflection and transmission of light from a disordered monolayer of particles", J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 29, 1161-79 (2012)

    2012

  33. [41]

    Analytical modeling of optical reflectivity of random plasmonic nano - monolayers

    A. Reyes-Coronado, G. Morales-Luna, O. Vázquez-Estrada, A. García-Valenzuela, and R. G. Barrera, "Analytical modeling of optical reflectivity of random plasmonic nano - monolayers", Opt. Express 26, 12660 (2018)

    2018

  34. [42]

    Yeh, Optical waves in layered media, J

    P . Yeh, Optical waves in layered media, J. Wiley and Sons eds., New York (1988)

    1988

  35. [43]

    Near-to-far field transformations for radiative and guided waves

    J. Yang, J. P . Hugonin, P . Lalanne, "Near-to-far field transformations for radiative and guided waves", ACS Photonics 3, 395-402 (2016). The freeware can be downloaded at https://zenodo.org/records/14633602

    2016

  36. [44]

    Optical constants of the noble metals

    P . B. Johnson, and R. W. Christy, "Optical constants of the noble metals ", Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370 (1972)

    1972

  37. [45]

    Tsang and J

    L. Tsang and J. A. Kong, Scattering of electromagnetic waves: advanced topics, (John Wiley & Sons, 2004)

    2004

  38. [46]

    M. I. Mishchenko, L. D. Travis, and A. A. Lacis, Multiple scattering of light by particles: radiative transfer and coherent backscattering (Cambridge University Press, 2006)

    2006

  39. [47]

    Emergent scattering regimes in disordered metasurfaces near critical packing

    M. Chen, A. Agreda, T. Wu, F. Carcenac, K. Vynck, P . Lalanne, "Emergent scattering regimes in disordered metasurfaces near critical packing", arXiv:2505.02244 (2025)

    2025

  40. [48]

    Enhanced dipole –dipole interaction between elementary radiators near a surface

    H. R. Stuart and D. G. Hall, "Enhanced dipole –dipole interaction between elementary radiators near a surface", Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5663–5663 (1998)

    1998

  41. [49]

    Polarization-Controlled Chromo-Encryption

    H. C. Wang and O. J. Martin, "Polarization-Controlled Chromo-Encryption", Adv. Opt. Mater. 11, 2202165 (2023)

    2023

  42. [50]

    Cryptography in coherent optical information networks using dissipative metamaterial gates

    A. Xomalis, I. Demirtzioglou, Y . Jung, E. Plum, C. Lacava, P . Petropoulos, D. J. Richardson, N. I. Zheludev, "Cryptography in coherent optical information networks using dissipative metamaterial gates", APL Photonics 4, 046102 (2019)

    2019

  43. [51]

    Metasurface-based key for computational imaging encryption

    P . Zheng, Q. Dai, Z. Li, Z. Ye, J. Xiong, H.C. Liu, G. Zheng, S. Zhang, "Metasurface-based key for computational imaging encryption", Sci. Adv. 7, eabg0363 (2021)

    2021

  44. [52]

    Terahertz metasurfaces for thermally controlled optical encryption

    S. Zhu, B. Dong, G. Guo, X. Lu, Q. Xu, J. Han, W. Huang, H. Ma, Y. Wang, X. Zhang, L. Huang, "Terahertz metasurfaces for thermally controlled optical encryption", Laser Photonics Rev. 17, 2300233 (2023)

    2023

  45. [53]

    Macleod, Thin-film optical filters, Adam Hilger LTD, London (1969)

    H.A. Macleod, Thin-film optical filters, Adam Hilger LTD, London (1969)

    1969

Pith tools

Reviewed August 6, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.