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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 51 of 51 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2507.19885.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.19885 v1

Coverage vector

measured 51 of 51 reference resolution

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One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

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Reference resolution

51 of 51 outbound references displayed

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Outbound references

Observation cdfc8da6-817a-45b4-8072-dd9a460df81b · outbound

This paper cites Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technology Driven Modern Drug Discovery and Development.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technology Driven Modern Drug Discovery and Development

Reference 1

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Observation d42328b7-3260-4ca0-87d9-6685e1d6a412 · outbound

This paper cites Creation and Adoption of Large Language Models in Medicine.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Creation and Adoption of Large Language Models in Medicine

Reference 2

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Observation 74e7caea-189d-4734-872b-d43edccbe1f5 · outbound

This paper cites Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Clinical Medicine, 2023.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Clinical Medicine, 2023

Reference 3

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Observation 6fb3d376-fb84-4723-9a9a-a9559dca23f9 · outbound

This paper cites Validation of Prediction Models for Critical Care Outcomes Using Natural Language Processing of Electronic Health Record Data.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Validation of Prediction Models for Critical Care Outcomes Using Natural Language Processing of Electronic Health Record Data

Reference 4

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Observation 285596b6-5437-4250-afcf-fdf4654b96b4 · outbound

This paper cites Procedure prediction from symbolic Electronic Health Records via time intervals analytics.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Procedure prediction from symbolic Electronic Health Records via time intervals analytics

Reference 5

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Observation 1407e04b-0a34-4f50-b0a0-ddb3311f91a0 · outbound

This paper cites Multitask learning and benchmarking with clinical time series data.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Multitask learning and benchmarking with clinical time series data

Reference 6

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Observation 10dbf8bd-076d-4ab2-a573-e713a6ea1830 · outbound

This paper cites Holistic Evaluation of Language Models.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Holistic Evaluation of Language Models

Reference 7

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Observation aa47fbd7-2501-4512-93e6-443b0a5f4571 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models encode clinical knowledge.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Large language models encode clinical knowledge

Reference 8

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Observation fd2781d3-28cc-4a3c-bd9e-0225f5703050 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

Reference 9

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Observation 980dd111-e125-4b04-9961-7e5861b1d6dd · outbound

This paper cites Can Generalist Foundation Models Outcompete Special-Purpose Tuning? Case Study in Medicine; 2023.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Can Generalist Foundation Models Outcompete Special-Purpose Tuning? Case Study in Medicine; 2023

Reference 10

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Observation f65cfe7a-7775-458c-bbbd-4fab3143beab · outbound

This paper cites Some Languages are More Equal than Others: Probing Deeper into the Linguistic Disparity in the NLP World.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Some Languages are More Equal than Others: Probing Deeper into the Linguistic Disparity in the NLP World

Reference 11

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Observation bd410316-a7c1-40bc-b1e3-84ba62e30324 · outbound

This paper cites Portuguese-speaking world — Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia; 2024.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Portuguese-speaking world — Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia; 2024

Reference 12

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Observation c47b804e-0840-4c84-924d-9f374d764ba1 · outbound

This paper cites List of languages by number of native speakers; 2025.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam List of languages by number of native speakers; 2025

Reference 13

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This paper cites Usage Statistics of Content Languages for Websites; 2025.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Usage Statistics of Content Languages for Websites; 2025

Reference 14

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Observation ae56112e-59a7-4892-a207-583b48786261 · outbound

This paper cites Use of a Large Language Model to Identify and Classify Injuries With Free- Text Emergency Department Data.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Use of a Large Language Model to Identify and Classify Injuries With Free- Text Emergency Department Data

Reference 15

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Observation 68dc778c-2f84-431e-a994-a6f5f2890207 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

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Observation 1c48ee50-9d65-4876-95aa-34c8c6733b36 · outbound

This paper cites Performance of ChatGPT Across Different Versions in Medical Licensing Examinations Worldwide: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Performance of ChatGPT Across Different Versions in Medical Licensing Examinations Worldwide: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Reference 17

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Observation 4b9cb04f-35c4-4701-8437-bac4edaccb13 · outbound

This paper cites Annotated dataset creation through large language models for non-english medical NLP.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Annotated dataset creation through large language models for non-english medical NLP

Reference 18

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Observation e1ef24d3-fd16-463d-a709-3cb624cd0ce9 · outbound

This paper cites Introducing Bode: A Fine-Tuned Large Language Model for Portuguese Prompt-Based Task.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Introducing Bode: A Fine-Tuned Large Language Model for Portuguese Prompt-Based Task

Reference 19

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Observation 57c63a71-d696-4083-b1ac-fa6f15193de4 · outbound

This paper cites Sabi\'a-2: A New Generation of Portuguese Large Language Models.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Sabi\'a-2: A New Generation of Portuguese Large Language Models

Reference 20

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Observation 6097cb61-21d8-4387-b520-82c8cae13b19 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating the Efficacy of ChatGPT in Navigating the Spanish Medical Residency Entrance Examination (MIR): Promising Horizons for AI in Clinical Medicine.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Evaluating the Efficacy of ChatGPT in Navigating the Spanish Medical Residency Entrance Examination (MIR): Promising Horizons for AI in Clinical Medicine

Reference 21

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Observation ca4e8550-1b38-44b4-ad06-8be60dc9ed30 · outbound

This paper cites Residˆ encia M´ edica 2024 – FUVEST divulga quest˜ oes de prova objetiva de concurso para residˆ encia m´ edica da FMUSP – Fuvest; 2024.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Residˆ encia M´ edica 2024 – FUVEST divulga quest˜ oes de prova objetiva de concurso para residˆ encia m´ edica da FMUSP – Fuvest; 2024

Reference 22

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Observation 8238afa1-f196-4ca7-99d0-3b2ce3e1eafe · outbound

This paper cites Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models

Reference 23

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Observation dc384f5a-f950-4a9e-96e8-c1102dc437c4 · outbound

This paper cites Performance of ChatGPT, GPT-4, and Google Bard on a Neurosurgery Oral Boards Preparation Question Bank.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Performance of ChatGPT, GPT-4, and Google Bard on a Neurosurgery Oral Boards Preparation Question Bank

Reference 24

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Observation c0332a71-119a-4297-b9a2-744241eb53b4 · outbound

This paper cites ChatGPT-4 Performance on USMLE Step 1 Style Questions and Its Implications for Medical Education: A Comparative Study Across Systems and Disciplines.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam ChatGPT-4 Performance on USMLE Step 1 Style Questions and Its Implications for Medical Education: A Comparative Study Across Systems and Disciplines

Reference 25

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Observation feee1628-d4f8-4c15-9177-eedf19940bf0 · outbound

This paper cites ChatGPT-4: An assessment of an upgraded artificial intelligence chatbot in the United States Medical Licensing Examination.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam ChatGPT-4: An assessment of an upgraded artificial intelligence chatbot in the United States Medical Licensing Examination

Reference 26

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Observation c7afa129-a0e9-423b-83f1-492adf7c3f09 · outbound

This paper cites hausekeep: A Collection of Utility Functions for Data Science and Statistics - Compute standard errors (within-subjects).

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam hausekeep: A Collection of Utility Functions for Data Science and Statistics - Compute standard errors (within-subjects)

Reference 27

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Observation a58fa056-9140-46a1-977b-077dbdcc2f3f · outbound

This paper cites emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means

Reference 28

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Observation 74ad645e-f4ba-4b5c-87bf-176bd3d43b34 · outbound

This paper cites R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing

Reference 29

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Observation 5bb1f9e6-3962-4713-b6f3-4e009ef64784 · outbound

This paper cites Better to be in agreement than in bad company: A critical analysis of many kappa-like tests.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Better to be in agreement than in bad company: A critical analysis of many kappa-like tests

Reference 30

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Observation b89a35fc-e22e-4754-b3e8-59e86acae2c6 · outbound

This paper cites Simultaneous Inference in General Parametric Models.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Simultaneous Inference in General Parametric Models

Reference 31

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Observation c0865761-9926-4a51-9a56-155548d669cb · outbound

This paper cites Online Assessment of Applied Anatomy Knowledge: The Effect of Images on Medical Students’ Performance.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Online Assessment of Applied Anatomy Knowledge: The Effect of Images on Medical Students’ Performance

Reference 32

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 015a0b18-177a-474f-a92d-f74632f9ebaa · outbound

This paper cites The effects of images on multiple-choice questions in computer-based formative assessment.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam The effects of images on multiple-choice questions in computer-based formative assessment

Reference 33

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Observation 343a62d4-c294-4126-835b-c4390b609da1 · outbound

This paper cites The Cognitive Basis for the Split- Attention Effect.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam The Cognitive Basis for the Split- Attention Effect

Reference 34

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 35c80933-2a10-4ac1-86ea-78fc9328cb92 · outbound

This paper cites Testing the seductive details effect: Does the format or the amount of seductive details matter? Appl Cogn Psychol.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Testing the seductive details effect: Does the format or the amount of seductive details matter? Appl Cogn Psychol

Reference 35

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malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:16.430653Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.430653Z digest=sha256:02419ebca3f6f31d03f6497a4c20d00f20d0d62fd6509a0f88d849dd5094e99d

Observation 829887a3-cef8-4c79-91b0-b8d6e91ae4b2 · outbound

This paper cites Machine Learning in Dermatology: Current Applications, Opportunities, and Limitations.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Machine Learning in Dermatology: Current Applications, Opportunities, and Limitations

Reference 36

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:16.583949Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.442920Z digest=sha256:bb64f52b52f374db895ea30bce5468daea40f5aa1592c568a8b80da687eea11e

Observation 067fdde7-e6d5-437d-9437-b44088ac9ada · outbound

This paper cites Can a picture ruin a thousand words? The effects of visual resources in exam questions.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Can a picture ruin a thousand words? The effects of visual resources in exam questions

Reference 37

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:16.596439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.438381Z digest=sha256:a0896ae7600d661f60699f4dc8a96150fe66cbfee7778ab760def3dd6173af19

Observation 09fd8cfc-4f7d-476b-9bb6-7d2bfc72b3a1 · outbound

This paper cites Artificial Intelligence in Dermatology—Where We Are and the Way to the Future: A Review.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Artificial Intelligence in Dermatology—Where We Are and the Way to the Future: A Review

Reference 38

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verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:16.572715Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 5ecf1bb8-14e9-46c3-813d-cf61f9396c9d · outbound

This paper cites Review of Machine Learning in Predicting Dermatological Outcomes.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Review of Machine Learning in Predicting Dermatological Outcomes

Reference 39

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verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:17.084104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.452457Z digest=sha256:25527ec80a18b19e31d5053a3b30cc9f941e98f4f88aa3cfda40e4d5c6c9d079

Observation ae127d53-7af9-40c0-887f-6745df90f6a8 · outbound

This paper cites Radiology artificial intelligence: a systematic review and evaluation of methods (RAISE).

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Radiology artificial intelligence: a systematic review and evaluation of methods (RAISE)

Reference 40

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:16.561902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

correction dated 2022-05-20. Source: crossref record 10.1007/s00330-022-08832-1->10.1007/s00330-022-08784-6:correction, observed 2026-07-11T02:59:00.481555+00:00. This notice travels one citation hop only.

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Observation 1f909aec-bce6-4bf5-9b41-4a83b7c4539c · outbound

This paper cites Dermacen Analytica: A Novel Methodology Integrating Multi-Modal Large Language Models with Machine Learning in tele-dermatology.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Dermacen Analytica: A Novel Methodology Integrating Multi-Modal Large Language Models with Machine Learning in tele-dermatology

Reference 41

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verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:17.009940Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.461468Z digest=sha256:60414fb4987210d8e9ffc9333574c4ce7812c37810d4e61a4c2c29b8b9e92ba7

Observation cfbd8d87-8d35-48a1-80be-82e4fab4a59f · outbound

This paper cites Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:16.474295Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.474295Z digest=sha256:8405b6e8ee83d6e77ff02c61abf58cb67033231465c646d3dbbbf8b539c094a4

Observation 1fe9d72e-d2e6-44c7-87ba-b20c7500aef6 · outbound

This paper cites AI in radiology: From promise to practice - A guide to effective integration.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam AI in radiology: From promise to practice - A guide to effective integration

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:16.470471Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.470471Z digest=sha256:96f7344a0ac434672c97cb8e80cfc1f5a3d9616bd7296e4246d32cbc84f06c04

Observation 55f6eece-55c7-4ad1-9140-c9e8ac3ea478 · outbound

This paper cites MedVH: Towards Systematic Evaluation of Hallucination for Large Vision Language Models in the Medical Context.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam MedVH: Towards Systematic Evaluation of Hallucination for Large Vision Language Models in the Medical Context

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:17.464994Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.482132Z digest=sha256:04a42c00812c5ec181ba68203ac5254b3f41e77261fa0bdfc567165cdc124a11

Observation a60090e6-dcec-48c3-9a31-aba89715334a · outbound

This paper cites Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Language Models: A Comparative Study of RAG-enhanced vs.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Mitigating Hallucinations in Large Language Models: A Comparative Study of RAG-enhanced vs

Reference 45

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:16.550571Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.478382Z digest=sha256:6d4ef73b6e6b2a33760e07df76fee260f4a95db45e51c8e08ed550cbb6c495fb

Observation 0fc45a8f-fcda-44ea-9511-f06a431c46b5 · outbound

This paper cites Explainability does not mitigate the negative impact of incorrect AI advice in a personnel selection task.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Explainability does not mitigate the negative impact of incorrect AI advice in a personnel selection task

Reference 46

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:16.537672Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.493221Z digest=sha256:af0661f97c1bd4e761f14e5d0828fba62d560979f4239ce6df0853aa57930122

Observation 072f4ded-8622-418b-93cc-83e76938d1d3 · outbound

This paper cites MedVH: Towards Systematic Evaluation of Hallucination for Large Vision Language Models in the Medical Context.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam MedVH: Towards Systematic Evaluation of Hallucination for Large Vision Language Models in the Medical Context

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:16.485803Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.485803Z digest=sha256:033bc8ffd8a8c2cf2ff61f1c48efc0306f3a3545f6b951239eb53faf159657c7

Observation ff6dc8ff-d5bb-4073-b10d-9eb8000c44dd · outbound

This paper cites ChatGPT 3.5 fails to write appropriate multiple choice practice exam questions.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam ChatGPT 3.5 fails to write appropriate multiple choice practice exam questions

Reference 48

Resolution
malformed identifier
doi_truncated, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:16.906423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.489791Z digest=sha256:eeb0d3c199a7c31524b95dd3ab4aaf9de494fdd6e36f426d913c1e847f925ec9

Observation 3987ee20-a060-49e8-a4bf-25ba7b911652 · outbound

This paper cites ChatGPT: Transcending Language Limitations in Scientific Research Using Artificial Intelligence.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam ChatGPT: Transcending Language Limitations in Scientific Research Using Artificial Intelligence

Reference 50

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malformed identifier
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:17.450915Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.497072Z digest=sha256:bc57ed6b0e90daa1877b540ad909d811cce7b4b9e6f9f43433c55213c6ef7f71

Observation 404f8189-c898-4639-9a67-69ed46d386c5 · outbound

This paper cites MedHELM: Holistic Evaluation of Large Language Models for Medical Tasks.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam MedHELM: Holistic Evaluation of Large Language Models for Medical Tasks

Reference 51

Resolution
malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:16.501605Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.501605Z digest=sha256:b6c6dc9ce316a481882ae8cb3f826f0322e16d781c654fe64f10b2ee3011e9bc

Observation 84060d72-46d0-4417-a873-a1bd5db769be · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Zero-shot Performance of Generative AI in Brazilian Portuguese Medical Exam Unresolved cited work

Reference 2024

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T17:57:17.509352Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T17:57:16.408652Z digest=sha256:73c27c01b1348e34b5a574eca99bc3d840236d27368297bc8b42a35834bbc93f

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.