Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 37 of 37 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2507.22210.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.22210 v1

Coverage vector

measured 37 of 37 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.018701Z

measured 37 of 37 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

37 of 37 outbound references displayed

verified exact5
verified fuzzy18
unresolved13
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation fadca55e-831d-4fa0-85ad-c3b1dee0822e · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models write newline

Reference 1

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0ed55997-f91f-4681-aee4-9f6f268ab8d2 · outbound

This paper cites C., Hoffnagle, A.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models C., Hoffnagle, A

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.668214Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 609f0389-c9f3-4038-9842-ab1f27d4bb6b · outbound

This paper cites Training compute-optimal protein language models.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Training compute-optimal protein language models

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.654945Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5c0717a5-60ba-4baa-b46a-1db59090fefd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.404180Z

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Observation 7d54213e-2061-4df3-b84f-2195071bc8db · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

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Observation c60d469f-00ef-475f-98a0-b9c7dd615ee3 · outbound

This paper cites P., Roux, S., Beracochea, M., Mirdita, M., Ovchinnikov, S., and Hwang, Y.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models P., Roux, S., Beracochea, M., Mirdita, M., Ovchinnikov, S., and Hwang, Y

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:27.899011Z

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Observation b0eeed17-d486-48a6-ab89-9d4cd36469ff · outbound

This paper cites and Steinhardt, J.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models and Steinhardt, J

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.642500Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 42e8c70c-3501-4f30-84aa-cd39e52363f7 · outbound

This paper cites Prottrans: Toward understanding the language of life through self-supervised learning.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Prottrans: Toward understanding the language of life through self-supervised learning

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.628977Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 7ebbdc94-3b94-4bcb-9cfa-253f65974511 · outbound

This paper cites M., van der Sloot, A., Schulz, B., Chandar, S., and Langmead, C.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models M., van der Sloot, A., Schulz, B., Chandar, S., and Langmead, C

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.615615Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b78c6325-8c28-40d2-8d81-7bd2094d4ec5 · outbound

This paper cites X., and Abbeel, P.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models X., and Abbeel, P

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.603857Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation e4fd5323-3e7c-43fe-8ba5-123a0213820f · outbound

This paper cites M., Kerrn, M., Olsen, L., Salomon, J., and Boomsma, W.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models M., Kerrn, M., Olsen, L., Salomon, J., and Boomsma, W

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.592178Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5b2dc213-1b77-4b84-bdf9-3b85b955d8d5 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Transfer.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Scaling Laws for Transfer

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:27.922416Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 116d1e8b-5670-4d3e-96b5-cef674791020 · outbound

This paper cites RITA: a Study on Scaling Up Generative Protein Sequence Models.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models RITA: a Study on Scaling Up Generative Protein Sequence Models

Reference 13

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation cc45372e-73dc-4941-8289-209aa3cad21d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.580545Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation ad0e39d3-a56a-4d1d-847f-03d003dca853 · outbound

This paper cites Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 15

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5eb47e65-91a4-45ba-a6df-ec753b74c673 · outbound

This paper cites Learning protein fitness models from evolutionary and assay-labeled data.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Learning protein fitness models from evolutionary and assay-labeled data

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.569286Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b4290d7a-a7de-4f20-a398-4d88251b770c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 3eaa2fff-f317-4033-a213-0461b8a2b2da · outbound

This paper cites Highly accurate protein structure prediction with alphafold.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Highly accurate protein structure prediction with alphafold

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:27.944496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation f004cc6c-7866-4018-9fa5-e220cdcf32da · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:27.947835Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d276db12-0228-484b-8ce8-ecfc6247508a · outbound

This paper cites P., Yue, Y., Yang, K.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models P., Yue, Y., Yang, K

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.550972Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 4b6f2587-a418-4de9-9045-e21f40488cdb · outbound

This paper cites Evolutionary-scale prediction of atomic-level protein structure with a language model.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Evolutionary-scale prediction of atomic-level protein structure with a language model

Reference 21

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Observation 89367c65-3e6e-4f4b-8460-bcb9d20dd778 · outbound

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Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 56d10f70-9126-43ab-9bf3-cf74e09cd47f · outbound

This paper cites Y., and Cho, K.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Y., and Cho, K

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:27.966728Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ed93cb67-dee7-4bfb-af08-6e1ae7b6b886 · outbound

This paper cites R., Subramanian, S., Mohr, B.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models R., Subramanian, S., Mohr, B

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.520834Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 3ba71f6e-b325-4fe8-a9b8-aa330dabdbf9 · outbound

This paper cites G., Kang, B., Katrekar, D., Li, D.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models G., Kang, B., Katrekar, D., Li, D

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.509635Z

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Observation 5d469272-0b8a-42ab-b60e-3808b1ce5501 · outbound

This paper cites A., Weinstein, E.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models A., Weinstein, E

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.498472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation aaf6426e-2533-459f-ae63-92ee68fd47cf · outbound

This paper cites N., Marks, D., and Gal, Y.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models N., Marks, D., and Gal, Y

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.487211Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 6d50ecca-964b-4e49-b1b3-40c88d59aef4 · outbound

This paper cites Proteingym: Large-scale benchmarks for protein fitness prediction and design.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Proteingym: Large-scale benchmarks for protein fitness prediction and design

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.476427Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation e5365531-aa0f-4e65-8316-e633fc417d35 · outbound

This paper cites Proteinnpt: Improving protein property prediction and design with non-parametric transformers.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Proteinnpt: Improving protein property prediction and design with non-parametric transformers

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.465038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation d63399c8-1a76-4c62-ba96-24211f1541c9 · outbound

This paper cites L., Feuermann, M., Gasteiger, E., Gehant, S., Gerritsen, V., Gos, A., Gruaz-Gumowski, N., Hinz, U., Hulo, C., Jungo, F., Keller, G., Lieberherr, D., Lombardot, T., Martin, M.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models L., Feuermann, M., Gasteiger, E., Gehant, S., Gerritsen, V., Gos, A., Gruaz-Gumowski, N., Hinz, U., Hulo, C., Jungo, F., Keller, G., Lieberherr, D., Lombardot, T., Martin, M

Reference 30

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Observation 80389fc9-91a5-4eaf-a034-42248a9f5daf · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating protein transfer learning with tape.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Evaluating protein transfer learning with tape

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.440770Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 2a5e2ef4-a367-4535-b90c-af1a366b4268 · outbound

This paper cites P., Abbasian, M., and Orengo, C.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models P., Abbasian, M., and Orengo, C

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.080299Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation ce5e60d8-7fb6-4ba1-8360-2bc28892d31d · outbound

This paper cites Mgnify: the microbiome sequence data analysis resource in 2023.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Mgnify: the microbiome sequence data analysis resource in 2023

Reference 33

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.067779Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 0d849c62-6f75-47ec-8a11-598a04a59455 · outbound

This paper cites L., Ma, J., et al.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models L., Ma, J., et al

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.428024Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation d121066a-7e8b-4fb7-a482-7b711bed6ec8 · outbound

This paper cites F., Stone, J., Bianchi, A.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models F., Stone, J., Bianchi, A

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.415963Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation e3b318cf-e762-4819-a05c-15751329d2a2 · outbound

This paper cites Are Protein Language Models Compute Optimal?.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Are Protein Language Models Compute Optimal?

Reference 36

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.111421Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 17fb50ef-402b-4cde-80d7-8a49c5d31287 · outbound

This paper cites Enhancing efficiency of protein language models with minimal wet-lab data through few-shot learning.

Scaling and Data Saturation in Protein Language Models Enhancing efficiency of protein language models with minimal wet-lab data through few-shot learning

Reference 37

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T12:00:28.054638Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.