Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Observational Multiplicity

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 22 of 22 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2507.23136.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.23136 v1

Coverage vector

measured 22 of 22 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:03.886744Z

measured 23 of 23 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-03T00:00:03.122726Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

22 of 22 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy11
unresolved9
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 8b48e38c-39da-4392-9ac2-64f8e7747270 · outbound

This paper cites Self-concordant analysis for logistic regression.Electronic Journal of Statistics, 4: 384–414, 2010.

Observational Multiplicity Self-concordant analysis for logistic regression.Electronic Journal of Statistics, 4: 384–414, 2010

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.522440Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 227a2ffc-59f5-4248-8e73-3a57257e2450 · outbound

This paper cites Model multiplicity: Opportunities, concerns, and solutions.

Observational Multiplicity Model multiplicity: Opportunities, concerns, and solutions

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:03.456312Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dfb3029c-a0b9-4d90-8830-cc641f88e9b4 · outbound

This paper cites Stability and generalization.

Observational Multiplicity Stability and generalization

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.508993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 17fbf25f-ef80-4890-b63a-749f27f8e1a7 · outbound

This paper cites Statistical modeling: The two cultures.Statistical Science, 16(3):199–231, 2001.

Observational Multiplicity Statistical modeling: The two cultures.Statistical Science, 16(3):199–231, 2001

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:03.669866Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2c148f3d-803c-4e04-8fc3-f0e234d89dab · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Observational Multiplicity Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.495449Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation e68fead3-ecdb-44e6-931d-a0c26ee3a810 · outbound

This paper cites Fannie Mae single-family loan performance data, 2025.

Observational Multiplicity Fannie Mae single-family loan performance data, 2025

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.481441Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 58d9a36b-a655-4803-a09d-7629934dae1e · outbound

This paper cites Rashomon capacity: A metric for predictive multiplicity in classification.

Observational Multiplicity Rashomon capacity: A metric for predictive multiplicity in classification

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.467017Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 89d6d7be-6102-4867-aa4f-4be835a54db9 · outbound

This paper cites Stability and generalization analy- sis of gradient methods for shallow neural networks.

Observational Multiplicity Stability and generalization analy- sis of gradient methods for shallow neural networks

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.452691Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 4be6657a-cfbb-4b1d-8983-f0dd48012422 · outbound

This paper cites Trans- formers as algorithms: Generalization and stability in in-context learning.

Observational Multiplicity Trans- formers as algorithms: Generalization and stability in in-context learning

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.424211Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 55559d76-bc7c-4799-8a9e-9c816011bc3c · outbound

This paper cites Predictive multiplicity in classification.

Observational Multiplicity Predictive multiplicity in classification

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.409583Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 1410bb49-1757-4384-918a-3fc7b4c0a931 · outbound

This paper cites A data-driven approach to predict the success of bank telemarketing.

Observational Multiplicity A data-driven approach to predict the success of bank telemarketing

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:03.844037Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 237856ec-40e3-4d25-bc5f-82bf4b3beeda · outbound

This paper cites Regretful decisions under label noise.

Observational Multiplicity Regretful decisions under label noise

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.393704Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation d1a47b08-21bb-4f81-9718-6b90a5ef232c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Observational Multiplicity Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.377189Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 4143cb83-0169-4068-9963-4b7f8da632b8 · outbound

This paper cites Brandon Westover, Cynthia Rudin, and Matt T.

Observational Multiplicity Brandon Westover, Cynthia Rudin, and Matt T

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:03.933689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 37b56150-d1bc-464e-b38e-3114f0f7a37c · outbound

This paper cites Stability and generalization of graph convolutional neural networks.

Observational Multiplicity Stability and generalization of graph convolutional neural networks

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:03.861532Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7024d3ac-fe60-4213-b110-f4dd13fff001 · outbound

This paper cites Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics.

Observational Multiplicity Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.362424Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 179759c2-898a-442c-b4eb-ec0e9426be03 · outbound

This paper cites Hofman, and Alexandra Chouldechova.

Observational Multiplicity Hofman, and Alexandra Chouldechova

Reference 18

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:03.874377Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c754311c-8459-4867-a955-57203ce459ea · outbound

This paper cites Parkes, and Berk Ustun.

Observational Multiplicity Parkes, and Berk Ustun

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.347335Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation fdcc0046-05bf-4880-b12d-f2523417572b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Observational Multiplicity Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.331698Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 73ab8237-af22-4709-98bf-1c43e3afb851 · outbound

This paper cites On model selection consistency of lasso.Journal of Machine Learning Research, 7(90):2541–2563, 2006.

Observational Multiplicity On model selection consistency of lasso.Journal of Machine Learning Research, 7(90):2541–2563, 2006

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.317105Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation e8d2229b-314a-4799-97e9-3d0d50273a44 · outbound

This paper cites URL https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108231596.

Observational Multiplicity URL https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108231596

Reference 2018

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:03.869972Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 11baab56-a300-42ac-9c8a-3b912c2380b0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Observational Multiplicity Unresolved cited work

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T11:09:04.437701Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 5d983e85-15c5-4e4f-aae6-650229079c23 · inbound

Using predictive multiplicity to measure individual performance within the AI Act cites this paper.

Using predictive multiplicity to measure individual performance within the AI Act Observational Multiplicity

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T00:00:03.122726Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.