Thermoelectric evidence of the electronic structure changes from the charge-density-wave transition in FeGe

Aaron Chan; Bin Gao; Dechen Zhang; Guoxin Zheng; Kaila Jenkins; Kuan-Wen Chen; Lu Li; Mason L. Klemm; Ming Yi; Pengcheng Dai

arxiv: 2508.19116 · v1 · submitted 2025-08-26 · ❄️ cond-mat.str-el

Thermoelectric evidence of the electronic structure changes from the charge-density-wave transition in FeGe

Kaila Jenkins , Yuan Zhu , Dechen Zhang , Guoxin Zheng , Kuan-Wen Chen , Aaron Chan , Sijie Xu , Mason L. Klemm

show 4 more authors

Bin Gao Ming Yi Pengcheng Dai Lu Li

This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-18 21:00 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.str-el

keywords charge density wavekagome metalFeGeNernst effectSeebeck effectthermoelectric transportannealingelectronic structure

0 comments

The pith

Thermoelectric measurements show the charge-density-wave transition alters the electronic structure of FeGe, producing a carrier sign change and stronger Nernst response.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper sets out to demonstrate that the charge-density-wave transition near 100 K in FeGe modifies the underlying electronic bands in a manner directly readable from thermoelectric transport. Comparing crystals annealed sufficiently to host the transition against those where annealing-induced disorder suppresses it reveals a reversal in the dominant carrier sign together with an increased Nernst signal only when the CDW is present. These differences establish that the CDW influences both longitudinal and transverse thermoelectric coefficients and point to additional phase transitions in the material. A reader would care because the results tie the lattice distortion driven by correlated electrons to concrete changes in heat and charge flow.

Core claim

The central claim is that thermoelectric measurements on FeGe crystals that undergo the CDW transition display modified electrical transport properties, specifically a change in carrier sign and an enhancement of the Nernst effect, whereas crystals without the transition due to insufficient annealing lack these features; the data thereby confirm the CDW's effect on thermal properties and the existence of multiple phase transitions.

What carries the argument

Comparison of the Nernst effect and Seebeck effect between sufficiently annealed FeGe crystals that host the CDW transition and insufficiently annealed crystals in which the transition is suppressed by disorder.

If this is right

The CDW transition modifies the band structure enough to reverse the sign of the dominant carriers as read by the Seebeck coefficient.
The Nernst effect becomes larger when the CDW is active because of the altered electronic structure.
Annealing conditions control whether the CDW appears and therefore tune the overall thermoelectric response.
Thermoelectric data can serve as evidence for multiple phase transitions in FeGe.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

Controlled annealing may offer a practical route to stabilize or remove the CDW state for studies of correlated transport in kagome metals.
The Nernst coefficient could function as a sensitive in-situ probe of CDW formation in other metallic systems where direct structural signatures are weak.
Similar annealing-dependent thermoelectric signatures may appear in additional kagome compounds that host charge-density waves.

Load-bearing premise

The differences in thermoelectric response between sufficiently annealed and insufficiently annealed crystals arise specifically from the presence versus suppression of the CDW transition rather than from other annealing-induced changes in scattering or stoichiometry.

What would settle it

If crystals independently verified by diffraction to lack the CDW distortion at 100 K nevertheless exhibit the same carrier sign reversal and Nernst enhancement, the attribution of these transport changes to the CDW would be falsified.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2508.19116 by Aaron Chan, Bin Gao, Dechen Zhang, Guoxin Zheng, Kaila Jenkins, Kuan-Wen Chen, Lu Li, Mason L. Klemm, Ming Yi, Pengcheng Dai, Sijie Xu, Yuan Zhu.

**Figure 2.** Figure 2: FIG. 2: (a, b) Thermopower signal [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 4.** Figure 4: FIG. 4: Thge phase diagram of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png] view at source ↗

read the original abstract

Kagome metals provide a material platform for probing new correlated quantum phenomena due to the naturally incorporated linear dispersions, flat bands, and Van Hove singularities in their electronic structures. Among these quantum phenomena is the charge density wave (CDW), or the distortion of the lattice structure due to the motion of correlated electrons through the material. CDWs lower the energy of the compound, creating an energy gap that facilitates behaviors akin to superconductivity, nonlinear transport, or other quantum correlated phenomena. The kagome metal FeGe has been shown to host a CDW transition at approximately 100 K, and its occurrence is strongly influenced by the sample annealing conditions. However, a notable gap in the literature is the lack of clear thermoelectric transport evidence for electronic structure changes associated with this CDW transition. Here we present evidence of electron behavior modification due to annealing disorder via thermoelectric measurements on FeGe crystals presenting a CDW transition and those without a CDW. The observed Nernst effect and Seebeck effect under sufficient annealing demonstrate modified electrical transport properties resulting from induced disorder, including a change in carrier sign and an enhancement of the Nernst effect due to the CDW. Our results provide evidence of multiple phase transitions, which confirms the influence of CDW on the thermal properties of FeGe and demonstrates the suppression of CDW with sufficient disordering.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

New Seebeck and Nernst data on annealed FeGe fills a small gap but the CDW attribution may not be fully isolated from generic annealing effects.

read the letter

The main point is that this paper adds Seebeck and Nernst measurements on FeGe crystals prepared with different annealing to link the CDW transition to changes in carrier sign and Nernst magnitude. They compare samples that show the CDW at ~100 K against those where annealing suppresses it, and report the thermoelectric signals track with the presence of the CDW. That is the concrete new result: thermoelectric evidence where the literature had mostly resistivity and magnetic data before. The measurements themselves look like standard extensions of existing techniques to this specific material and preparation method, which is useful within the kagome-metal community even if it does not introduce a new method or derivation. The abstract and results section present the data as showing modified transport from the CDW-induced electronic structure change, and the comparison across annealing conditions is a reasonable experimental handle. Credit for actually running the controlled-annealing series and reporting the sign flip and Nernst enhancement. The soft spot is exactly the one the stress-test flags. Annealing can alter stoichiometry, defect density, and scattering rates independently of whether the CDW forms, and those changes alone can flip carrier sign or boost Nernst response. The paper frames the differences as resulting from “induced disorder” while still attributing them to the CDW; without reported post-anneal composition analysis or extracted scattering times in the full text, the causal link stays somewhat open. If those controls are present and clean, the concern is minor. If not, it is the central interpretive step that needs tightening. This work is for people already following FeGe and CDW physics in kagome systems. A reader looking for additional transport signatures to compare against ARPES or theory would find the numbers worth checking. It is not a field-changing result, but the data are new and the question is active enough that it deserves a serious referee who can check the raw curves and any supplementary controls. I would send it out for review rather than desk reject.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports thermoelectric (Seebeck and Nernst) measurements on FeGe kagome-metal crystals. By contrasting sufficiently annealed samples that display a CDW transition near 100 K with insufficiently annealed samples in which the CDW is suppressed, the authors claim to observe a carrier-sign change in the Seebeck coefficient together with an enhancement of the Nernst signal, which they attribute to CDW-induced electronic-structure modifications arising from annealing-controlled disorder.

Significance. If the transport differences can be shown to originate specifically from the CDW rather than from generic annealing-induced changes in carrier density or scattering, the work would supply the missing thermoelectric evidence for band reconstruction across the CDW transition in FeGe and thereby strengthen the experimental case for CDW-driven correlated phenomena in kagome metals.

major comments (2)

[Abstract] Abstract: the central claim that a carrier-sign change and Nernst enhancement are demonstrated by the measurements is unsupported by any quantitative data, error bars, or description of the extraction procedure for carrier sign. The abstract simply asserts these results without presenting the underlying analysis.
[Abstract] Abstract: the attribution of the observed Seebeck sign reversal and Nernst enhancement to CDW-specific electronic-structure changes is load-bearing yet untested. Annealing can independently alter stoichiometry, defect density, and scattering rates, all of which affect thermoelectric coefficients; no post-anneal composition analysis, Hall-effect cross-check, or scattering-time extraction is reported to rule out these generic disorder effects.

minor comments (1)

[Abstract] The abstract phrasing that attributes the transport changes to “induced disorder” while simultaneously claiming they arise “due to the CDW” is internally ambiguous and should be clarified.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 1 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading of our manuscript and the constructive comments. We address each major comment below and have revised the manuscript to strengthen the presentation of our thermoelectric data and its connection to the CDW transition.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: the central claim that a carrier-sign change and Nernst enhancement are demonstrated by the measurements is unsupported by any quantitative data, error bars, or description of the extraction procedure for carrier sign. The abstract simply asserts these results without presenting the underlying analysis.

Authors: We agree that the abstract, as a concise summary, would benefit from clearer linkage to the supporting data. The sign reversal in the Seebeck coefficient and the Nernst enhancement are shown quantitatively in the main text figures, with error bars from multiple measurements and the carrier sign extracted directly from the sign of the Seebeck response (negative for electron-like, positive for hole-like carriers). In the revised version we have updated the abstract to briefly reference these measurements and the temperature at which the sign change occurs near the CDW transition. revision: yes
Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: the attribution of the observed Seebeck sign reversal and Nernst enhancement to CDW-specific electronic-structure changes is load-bearing yet untested. Annealing can independently alter stoichiometry, defect density, and scattering rates, all of which affect thermoelectric coefficients; no post-anneal composition analysis, Hall-effect cross-check, or scattering-time extraction is reported to rule out these generic disorder effects.

Authors: We acknowledge that annealing can modify multiple sample properties. Our central evidence remains the direct correlation between the presence of the CDW transition (confirmed by the resistivity anomaly at ~100 K only in annealed crystals) and the observed thermoelectric changes, which are absent in the unannealed crystals where the CDW is suppressed. We have added a discussion paragraph contrasting our results with generic disorder expectations and noting consistency with prior ARPES reports of CDW-induced band reconstruction in FeGe. A dedicated Hall-effect cross-check and scattering-time analysis are not part of the present dataset; we therefore cannot fully exclude all generic contributions with the current measurements. revision: partial

standing simulated objections not resolved

Absence of post-anneal composition analysis, Hall-effect cross-check, or scattering-time extraction to definitively separate CDW-specific band changes from generic annealing-induced disorder effects.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity in experimental observations or derivations

full rationale

This is an experimental transport study reporting direct measurements of Nernst and Seebeck effects on FeGe crystals with versus without the CDW transition. No equations, fitted parameters, or mathematical derivations are present that could reduce to inputs by construction. The central claim rests on comparative sample data rather than any self-definitional loop, fitted-input prediction, or load-bearing self-citation chain. The paper is self-contained against external benchmarks because the observations are falsifiable via independent replication of the annealing and thermoelectric protocols.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The abstract contains no explicit free parameters, axioms, or invented entities; the work rests on standard assumptions of thermoelectric transport in metals and the interpretation that annealing primarily affects CDW order.

axioms (1)

domain assumption Annealing-induced disorder selectively suppresses the CDW transition without introducing other dominant changes in band structure or scattering.
Invoked when attributing observed sign change and Nernst enhancement directly to CDW presence versus absence.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5811 in / 1282 out tokens · 30633 ms · 2026-05-18T21:00:27.211636+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Lean theorems connected to this paper

Citations machine-checked in the Pith Canon. Every link opens the source theorem in the public Lean library.

IndisputableMonolith/Cost/FunctionalEquation.lean washburn_uniqueness_aczel unclear

?

unclear
Relation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.

The observed Nernst effect and Seebeck effect under sufficient annealing demonstrate modified electrical transport properties resulting from induced disorder, including a change in carrier sign and an enhancement of the Nernst effect due to the CDW.

What do these tags mean?

matches: The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
supports: The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
extends: The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
uses: The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
contradicts: The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
unclear: Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

51 extracted references · 51 canonical work pages

[1]

T. M. Tritt, Thermal conductivity: theory, properties, and applications. Springer Science & Business Media (2005)

work page 2005
[2]

Nagaosa, J

N. Nagaosa, J. Sinova, S. Onoda, A. H. MacDonald, and N. P. Ong, Anomalous Hall eﬀect, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1539 (2010)

work page 2010
[3]

Onoda, N

S. Onoda, N. Sugimoto, and N. Nagaosa, Quantum trans- port theory of anomalous electric, thermoelectric, and thermal Hall eﬀects in ferromagnets, Phys. Rev. B 77, 165103 (2008)

work page 2008
[4]

Ikhlas, T

M. Ikhlas, T. Tomita, T. Koretsune, M.-T. Suzuki, D. Nishio-Hamane, R. Arita, Y. Otani, and S. Nakatsuji, Large anomalous Nernst eﬀect at room temperature in a chiral antiferromagnet, Nat. Phys. 13, 1085–1090 (2017)

work page 2017
[5]

H. Yang, W. You, J. Wang, J. Huang, C. Xi, X. Xu, C. Cao, M. Tian, Z.-A. Xu, J. Dai, et al. , Giant anomalous Nernst eﬀect in the magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2, Phys. Rev. Mater. 4, 024202 (2020)

work page 2020
[6]

S. N. Guin, P. Vir, Y. Zhang, N. Kumar, S. J. Watz- man, C. Fu, E. Liu, K. Manna, W. Schnelle, J. Gooth, et al. , Zero-Field Nernst Eﬀect in a Ferromagnetic Kagome-Lattice Weyl-Semimetal Co3Sn2S2, Adv. Mater. 31, 1806622 (2019)

work page 2019
[7]

R. P. Madhogaria, S. Mozaﬀari, H. Zhang, W. R. Meier, S.-H. Do, R. Xue, T. Matsuoka, and D. G. Mandrus, Topological Nernst and topological thermal Hall eﬀect in rare-earth kagome ScMn 6Sn6, Phys. Rev. B 108, 125114 (2023)

work page 2023
[8]

Zhang, C

H. Zhang, C. Q. Xu, and X. Ke, Topological Nernst ef- fect, anomalous Nernst eﬀect, and anomalous thermal Hall eﬀect in the Dirac semimetal Fe 3Sn2, Phys. Rev. B 103, L201101 (2021)

work page 2021
[9]

Behnia, The Nernst eﬀect and the boundaries of the Fermi liquid picture, J

K. Behnia, The Nernst eﬀect and the boundaries of the Fermi liquid picture, J. Phys.: Condensed Matter 21, 113101 (2009)

work page 2009
[10]

Behnia and H

K. Behnia and H. Aubin, Nernst eﬀect in metals and superconductors: a review of concepts and experiments, Rep. Prog. Phys. 79, 046502 (2016)

work page 2016
[11]

Sondheimer, The Theory of the Galvanomagnetic and Thermomagnetic Eﬀects in Metals, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London

E.H. Sondheimer, The Theory of the Galvanomagnetic and Thermomagnetic Eﬀects in Metals, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 193(1035), 484-512 (1948)

work page 1948
[12]

Z. Zhu, H. Yang, B. Fauque, Y. Kopelevich, and K. Behnia, Nernst eﬀect and dimensionality in the quan- tum limit, Nat. Phys. 6, 26-29 (2010)

work page 2010
[13]

Y. Wang, L. Li, and N. P. Ong, Nernst eﬀect in high- Tc superconductors, Phys. Rev. B 73 (2), 024510 (2006)

work page 2006
[14]

Onose, L

Y. Onose, L. Li, C. Petrovic and N. P. Ong, Anoma- lous thermopower and Nernst eﬀect in CeColn5: Loss of entropy current in precursor state, Europhysics Letters Association 79 (1), 17006 (2007)

work page 2007
[15]

L. Chen, Z. Xiang, C. Tinsman, B. Lei, X. Chen, G. D. Gu, and L. Li, Spontaneous Nernst eﬀect in the iron-based superconductor Fe 1+yTe1− xSex, Phys. Rev. B 102, 054503 (2020)

work page 2020
[16]

J. M. Ziman, Electrons and Phonons: The Theory of Transport Phenomena in Solids, Oxford University Press; Reprint edition, (2001)

work page 2001
[17]

Behnia, Fundamentals of Thermoelectricity, Oxford : Oxford University Press

K. Behnia, Fundamentals of Thermoelectricity, Oxford : Oxford University Press. (2015)

work page 2015
[18]

Jiang, J.-X

Y.-X. Jiang, J.-X. Yin, M.M. Denner, N. Shumiya, B.R. Ortiz, G. Xu, Z. Guguchia, J. He, M.S. Hossain, X. Liu, J. Ruﬀ, L. Kautzsch, S.S. Zhang, G. Chang, I. Be- lopolski, Q. Zhang, T.A. Cochran, D. Multer, M. Litske- vich, Z.-J. Chang, X.P. Yang, Z. Wang, R. Thomale, T. Neupert, S.D. Wilson, and M.Z. Hasan, Unconven- tional chiral charge order in kagome su...

work page 2021
[19]

X. Xu, J. Yin, Z. Qu, and S. Jia, Quantum interactions in topological R166 kagome magnet, Rep. Prog. Phys. 86, 11 (2023)

work page 2023
[20]

Sun and F

P. Sun and F. Steglich, Nernst Eﬀect: Evidence of Local Kondo Scattering in Heavy Fermions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 216408 (2013)

work page 2013
[21]

X. Teng, L. Chen, F. Ye, E. Rosenberg, Z. Liu, J.X. Yin, Y.-X. Jiang, J.S. Oh, M.Z. Hasan, K. Neubauer, B. Gao, Y. Xie, M. Hashimoto, D. Lu, C. Jozwiak, A. Bostwick, E. Rotenberg, R.J. Burgeneau, J.-H. Chu, M. Yi, and P. Dai, Discovery of charge density wave in a kagome 6 latice antiferromagnet, Nature 609, 490-495(2022)

work page 2022
[22]

Jia-Xin Yin, Yu-Xiao Jiang, Xiaokun Teng, Md Shafayat Hossain, Sougata Mardanya, Tay-Rong Chang, Zijin Ye, Gang Xu, M Michael Denner, Titus Neupert, Benjamin Lienhard, Han-Bin Deng, Chandan Setty, Qimiao Si, Guoqing Chang, Zurab Guguchia, Bin Gao, Nana Shu- miya, Qi Zhang, Tyler A Cochran, Daniel Multer, Ming Yi, Pengcheng Dai, M Zahid Hasan, Discovery of...

work page 2022
[23]

Teng, J.S

X. Teng, J.S. Oh, H. Tan, L. Chen, J. Huang, B. Gao, J.X. Yin, J.-H. Chu, M. Hashimoto, D. Lu, C. Jozwiak, A. Bostwick, E. Rotenberg, G. Granroth, B. Yan, R.J. Burgeneau, P. Dai, and M. Yi, Magnetism and charge density wave order in Kagome FeGe, Nat. Phys. 19, 814-822 (2023)

work page 2023
[24]

Shao, J.-X

S. Shao, J.-X. Yin, I. Belopolski, J.-Y. You, T. Hou, H. Chen, Y. Juang, M.S. Hossain, M. Yahyavi, C.-H. Hsu, Y.P. Feng, A. Bansil, M.Z. Hasan, and G. Chang, Inter- twining of Magnetism and Charge Ordering in Kagome FeGe, ACS Nano 17, 10164-10171 (2023)

work page 2023
[25]

J. Oh, A. Biswas, M. Klemm, H. Tan, Y. Xie, B. Gao, M. Hashimoto, D. Lu, B. Yan, P. Dai, R. J. Birgeneau, M. Yi, Disentangling the intertwined orders in a magnetic kagome metal, Sci. Adv. 11, eadt2195 (2025)

work page 2025
[26]

Z. Zhao, T. Li, P. Li, X. Wu, J. Yao, Z. Chen, S. Cui, Z. Sun, Y. Yang, Z. Jiang, Z. Liu, A. Louat, T. Kim, C. Cacho, A. Wang, Y. Wang, D. Shen, J. Jiang, D.L. Feng, Photoemission Evidence of a Novel Charge Order in Kagome Metal FeGe, Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy 68, 267012 (2025)

work page 2025
[27]

Tam, Lebing Chen, Hengxin Tan, Yaofeng Xie, Bin Gao, Garrett E

Xiaokun Teng, David W. Tam, Lebing Chen, Hengxin Tan, Yaofeng Xie, Bin Gao, Garrett E. Granroth, Alexandre Ivanov, Philippe Bourges, Binghai Yan, Ming Yi, and Pengcheng Dai, Spin-Charge-Lattice Coupling across the Charge Density Wave Transition in a Kagome Lattice Antiferromagnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 046502 (2024)

work page 2024
[28]

Bouma, Z

D.S. Bouma, Z. Chen, B. Zhang, F. Bruni, M.E. Flatt´ e, A. Ceballos, R. Streubel, L.-W. Wang, R.Q. Wu, and F. Hellman, Itinerant ferromagnetism and intrin- sic anomalous Hall eﬀect in amorphous iron-germanium, Phys. Rev. B 101, 014402 (2020)

work page 2020
[29]

Porter, J.C

N.A. Porter, J.C. Gartside, and C.H. Marrows, Scatter- ing mechanisms in textured FeGe thin ﬁlms: Magnetore- sistance and the anomalous Hall eﬀect, Phys. Rev. B 90, 024403 (2014)

work page 2014
[30]

Bernhard, B

J. Bernhard, B. Lebech, and O. Beckman, Neutron diﬀraction studies of the low-temperature magnetic structure of hexagonal FeGe, J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 14, 2379 (1984)

work page 1984
[31]

Winn, Garrett E

Lebing Chen, Xiaokun Teng, Hengxin Tan, Barry L. Winn, Garrett E. Granroth, Feng Ye, D. H. Yu, R. A. Mole, Bin Gao, Binghai Yan, Ming Yi, and Pengcheng Dai, Competing itinerant and local spin interactions in kagome metal FeGe, Nature Communications 15, 1918 (2024)

work page 1918
[32]

X. Wu, X. Mi, L. Zhang, C.-W. Wang, N. Maraytta, X. Zhou, M. He, M. Merz, Y. Chai, and A. Wang, Annealing-tunable charge density wave in the kagome an- tiferromagnet FeGe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 256501 (2024)

work page 2024
[33]

Ziyuan Chen, Xueliang Wu, Shiming Zhou, Jiakang Zhang, Ruotong Yin, Yuanji Li, Mingzhe Li, Jiashuo Gong, Mingquan He, Yisheng Chai, Xiaoyuan Zhou, Yilin Wang, Aifeng Wang, Ya-Jun Yan, and Dong-Lai Feng, Discovery of a long-ranged charge order with 1/4 Ge1-dimerization in an antiferromagnetic Kagome metal, Nature Communications 15, 6262 (2024)

work page 2024
[34]

C. Shi, Y. Liu, B.B. Maity, Q. Wang, S.R. Kotla, S. Ramakrishnan, C. Eisele, H. Agarwal, L. Noohinejad, Q. Tao, B. Kang, Z. Lou, X. Yang, Y. Qi, X. Lin, Z.- A. Xu, A. Thamizhavel, G.-H. Cao, S. van Smaalen, S. Cao, and J.-K. Bao, Annealing-induced long-range charge density wave order in magnetic kagome FeGe: Fluctuations and disordered structure, Science ...

work page 2024
[35]

Klemm, S

M. Klemm, S. Siddique, Y.-C. Chang, S. Xu, Y. Xie, T. Legvold, M.T. Kiani, F. Ye, H. Cao, Y. Hao, W. Tian, H. Luetkens, M. Matsuda, D. Natelson, Z. Guguchia, C.- L. Huang, M. Yi, J.J. Cha, and P. Dai, Vacancy-induced suppression of CDW order and its impact on magnetic order in kagome antiferromagnet FeGe, Nature Commu- nications 16, 3313 (2025)

work page 2025
[36]

Y. Zhu, D. Zhang, G. Zheng, K.-W. Chen, H. Bhandari, K. Jenkins, A. Chan, N. J. Ghimire, and L. Li, Geomet- rical Nernst eﬀect in the kagome magnet YMn 6Sn4Ge2, Phys. Rev. B 110(19), 195125 (2024)

work page 2024
[37]

Asaba, V

T. Asaba, V. Ivanov, S. M. Thomas, S.Y. Savrasov, J.D. Thompson, E.D. Bauer, and F. Ronning, Colossal anomalous Nernst eﬀect in a correlated noncentrosym- metric kagome ferromagnet, Sci. Adv. 7, eabf1467 (2021)

work page 2021
[38]

Roychowdhury, A

S. Roychowdhury, A. M. Ochs, S. N. Guin, K. Samanta, J. Noky, C. Shekhar, M. G. Vergniory, J. E. Goldberger, and C. Felser, Large room temperature anomalous trans- verse thermoelectric eﬀect in kagome antiferromagnet YMn6Sn6, Adv. Mater. 34, 2201350 (2022)

work page 2022
[39]

Bhandari, R

H. Bhandari, R. L. Dally, P. E. Siegfried, R. B. Regmi, K. C. Rule, S. Chi, J. W. Lynn, I. Mazin, and N. J. Ghimire, Magnetism and fermiology of kagome magnet YMn6Sn4Ge2, npj Quantum Materials 9, 6 (2024)

work page 2024
[40]

Zeng, X.-Q

C. Zeng, X.-Q. Yu, Z.-M. Yu, and Y. Yao, Band tilt in- duced nonlinear Nernst eﬀect in topological insulators: An eﬃcient generation of high-performance spin polar- ization, Phys. Rev. B. 106, L081121 (2022)

work page 2022
[41]

Ceccardi, A

M. Ceccardi, A. Zeugner, C. Hess, B. B¨ uchner, D. Marr´ e, A. Isaeva, and F. Caglieris, Anomalous Nernst eﬀect in the topological and magnetic material MnBi 4Te7, npj Quantum Materials 8(76), (2023)

work page 2023
[42]

Sharma, Tunable topological Nernst eﬀect in two- dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides, Phys

G. Sharma, Tunable topological Nernst eﬀect in two- dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides, Phys. Rev . B. 98, 075416 (2018)

work page 2018
[43]

W.-L. Lee, S. Watauchi, V.L. Miller, R.J. Cava, and N.P. Ong, Anomalous Hall Heat Current and Nernst Eﬀect in the CuCr 2Se4− xBrx Ferromagnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 226601 (2004)

work page 2004
[44]

Miyasato, N

T. Miyasato, N. Abe, T. Fujii, A. Asamitsu, S. Onoda, Y. Onose, N. Nagaosa, and Y. Tokura, Crossover Behav- ior of the Anomalous Hall Eﬀect and Anomalous Nernst Eﬀect in Itinerant Ferromagnets, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 086602 (2007)

work page 2007
[45]

Y. Pu, D. Chiba, F. Matsukura, H. Ohno, and J. Shi, Mott Relation for Anomalous Hall and Nernst Eﬀects in Ga1− xMnxAs Ferromagnetic Semiconductors, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 117208 (2008)

work page 2008
[46]

Chuang, P.L

T.-C. Chuang, P.L. Su, P. Wu, and S. Y. Huang, En- hancement of the anomalous Nernst eﬀect in ferromag- netic thin ﬁlms, Phys. Rev. B 96, 174406 (2017)

work page 2017
[47]

Ramos, M.H

R. Ramos, M.H. Aguirre, A. Anad´ on, J. Blasco, I. Lucas, 7 K. Uchida, P.A. Algarabel, L. Morell´ on, E. Saitoh, and M.R. Ibarra, Anomalous Nernst eﬀect of Fe 3O4 single crystal, Phys. Rev. B 90, 054422 (2014)

work page 2014
[48]

Sharma, C

G. Sharma, C. Moore, S. Saha, and S. Tewari, Nernst ef- fect in Dirac and inversion-asymmetric Weyl semimetals, Phys. Rev. B. 96, 195119 (2017)

work page 2017
[49]

Watzman, T.M

S. Watzman, T.M. McCormick, C. Shekhar, S.-C. Wu, Y. Sun, A. Prakash, C. Felser, N. Trivedi, and J.P. Here- mans, Dirac dispersion generates unusually large Nernst eﬀect in Weyl semimetals, Phys. Rev. B. 97, 161404(R) (2018)

work page 2018
[50]

L. Xu, X. Li, L. Ding, T. Chen, A. Sakai, B. Fauqu´ e, S. Nakatsuji, Z. Zhu, and K. Behnia, Anomalous trans- verse response of Co 2MnGa and universality of the room- temperature α A ij/σ A ij ratio across topological magnets, Phys. Rev. B 101, 180404 (2020)

work page 2020
[51]

L. Ding, J. Koo, L. Xu, X. Li, X. Lu, L. Zhao, Q. Wang, Q. Yin, H. Lei, B. Yan, Z. Zhu, and K. Behnia, Intrinsic anomalous Nernst eﬀect ampliﬁed by disorder in a half- metallic semimetal, Phys. Rev. X. 9, 041061, (2019)

work page 2019

[1] [1]

T. M. Tritt, Thermal conductivity: theory, properties, and applications. Springer Science & Business Media (2005)

work page 2005

[2] [2]

Nagaosa, J

N. Nagaosa, J. Sinova, S. Onoda, A. H. MacDonald, and N. P. Ong, Anomalous Hall eﬀect, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1539 (2010)

work page 2010

[3] [3]

Onoda, N

S. Onoda, N. Sugimoto, and N. Nagaosa, Quantum trans- port theory of anomalous electric, thermoelectric, and thermal Hall eﬀects in ferromagnets, Phys. Rev. B 77, 165103 (2008)

work page 2008

[4] [4]

Ikhlas, T

M. Ikhlas, T. Tomita, T. Koretsune, M.-T. Suzuki, D. Nishio-Hamane, R. Arita, Y. Otani, and S. Nakatsuji, Large anomalous Nernst eﬀect at room temperature in a chiral antiferromagnet, Nat. Phys. 13, 1085–1090 (2017)

work page 2017

[5] [5]

H. Yang, W. You, J. Wang, J. Huang, C. Xi, X. Xu, C. Cao, M. Tian, Z.-A. Xu, J. Dai, et al. , Giant anomalous Nernst eﬀect in the magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2, Phys. Rev. Mater. 4, 024202 (2020)

work page 2020

[6] [6]

S. N. Guin, P. Vir, Y. Zhang, N. Kumar, S. J. Watz- man, C. Fu, E. Liu, K. Manna, W. Schnelle, J. Gooth, et al. , Zero-Field Nernst Eﬀect in a Ferromagnetic Kagome-Lattice Weyl-Semimetal Co3Sn2S2, Adv. Mater. 31, 1806622 (2019)

work page 2019

[7] [7]

R. P. Madhogaria, S. Mozaﬀari, H. Zhang, W. R. Meier, S.-H. Do, R. Xue, T. Matsuoka, and D. G. Mandrus, Topological Nernst and topological thermal Hall eﬀect in rare-earth kagome ScMn 6Sn6, Phys. Rev. B 108, 125114 (2023)

work page 2023

[8] [8]

Zhang, C

H. Zhang, C. Q. Xu, and X. Ke, Topological Nernst ef- fect, anomalous Nernst eﬀect, and anomalous thermal Hall eﬀect in the Dirac semimetal Fe 3Sn2, Phys. Rev. B 103, L201101 (2021)

work page 2021

[9] [9]

Behnia, The Nernst eﬀect and the boundaries of the Fermi liquid picture, J

K. Behnia, The Nernst eﬀect and the boundaries of the Fermi liquid picture, J. Phys.: Condensed Matter 21, 113101 (2009)

work page 2009

[10] [10]

Behnia and H

K. Behnia and H. Aubin, Nernst eﬀect in metals and superconductors: a review of concepts and experiments, Rep. Prog. Phys. 79, 046502 (2016)

work page 2016

[11] [11]

Sondheimer, The Theory of the Galvanomagnetic and Thermomagnetic Eﬀects in Metals, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London

E.H. Sondheimer, The Theory of the Galvanomagnetic and Thermomagnetic Eﬀects in Metals, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 193(1035), 484-512 (1948)

work page 1948

[12] [12]

Z. Zhu, H. Yang, B. Fauque, Y. Kopelevich, and K. Behnia, Nernst eﬀect and dimensionality in the quan- tum limit, Nat. Phys. 6, 26-29 (2010)

work page 2010

[13] [13]

Y. Wang, L. Li, and N. P. Ong, Nernst eﬀect in high- Tc superconductors, Phys. Rev. B 73 (2), 024510 (2006)

work page 2006

[14] [14]

Onose, L

Y. Onose, L. Li, C. Petrovic and N. P. Ong, Anoma- lous thermopower and Nernst eﬀect in CeColn5: Loss of entropy current in precursor state, Europhysics Letters Association 79 (1), 17006 (2007)

work page 2007

[15] [15]

L. Chen, Z. Xiang, C. Tinsman, B. Lei, X. Chen, G. D. Gu, and L. Li, Spontaneous Nernst eﬀect in the iron-based superconductor Fe 1+yTe1− xSex, Phys. Rev. B 102, 054503 (2020)

work page 2020

[16] [16]

J. M. Ziman, Electrons and Phonons: The Theory of Transport Phenomena in Solids, Oxford University Press; Reprint edition, (2001)

work page 2001

[17] [17]

Behnia, Fundamentals of Thermoelectricity, Oxford : Oxford University Press

K. Behnia, Fundamentals of Thermoelectricity, Oxford : Oxford University Press. (2015)

work page 2015

[18] [18]

Jiang, J.-X

Y.-X. Jiang, J.-X. Yin, M.M. Denner, N. Shumiya, B.R. Ortiz, G. Xu, Z. Guguchia, J. He, M.S. Hossain, X. Liu, J. Ruﬀ, L. Kautzsch, S.S. Zhang, G. Chang, I. Be- lopolski, Q. Zhang, T.A. Cochran, D. Multer, M. Litske- vich, Z.-J. Chang, X.P. Yang, Z. Wang, R. Thomale, T. Neupert, S.D. Wilson, and M.Z. Hasan, Unconven- tional chiral charge order in kagome su...

work page 2021

[19] [19]

X. Xu, J. Yin, Z. Qu, and S. Jia, Quantum interactions in topological R166 kagome magnet, Rep. Prog. Phys. 86, 11 (2023)

work page 2023

[20] [20]

Sun and F

P. Sun and F. Steglich, Nernst Eﬀect: Evidence of Local Kondo Scattering in Heavy Fermions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 216408 (2013)

work page 2013

[21] [21]

X. Teng, L. Chen, F. Ye, E. Rosenberg, Z. Liu, J.X. Yin, Y.-X. Jiang, J.S. Oh, M.Z. Hasan, K. Neubauer, B. Gao, Y. Xie, M. Hashimoto, D. Lu, C. Jozwiak, A. Bostwick, E. Rotenberg, R.J. Burgeneau, J.-H. Chu, M. Yi, and P. Dai, Discovery of charge density wave in a kagome 6 latice antiferromagnet, Nature 609, 490-495(2022)

work page 2022

[22] [22]

Jia-Xin Yin, Yu-Xiao Jiang, Xiaokun Teng, Md Shafayat Hossain, Sougata Mardanya, Tay-Rong Chang, Zijin Ye, Gang Xu, M Michael Denner, Titus Neupert, Benjamin Lienhard, Han-Bin Deng, Chandan Setty, Qimiao Si, Guoqing Chang, Zurab Guguchia, Bin Gao, Nana Shu- miya, Qi Zhang, Tyler A Cochran, Daniel Multer, Ming Yi, Pengcheng Dai, M Zahid Hasan, Discovery of...

work page 2022

[23] [23]

Teng, J.S

X. Teng, J.S. Oh, H. Tan, L. Chen, J. Huang, B. Gao, J.X. Yin, J.-H. Chu, M. Hashimoto, D. Lu, C. Jozwiak, A. Bostwick, E. Rotenberg, G. Granroth, B. Yan, R.J. Burgeneau, P. Dai, and M. Yi, Magnetism and charge density wave order in Kagome FeGe, Nat. Phys. 19, 814-822 (2023)

work page 2023

[24] [24]

Shao, J.-X

S. Shao, J.-X. Yin, I. Belopolski, J.-Y. You, T. Hou, H. Chen, Y. Juang, M.S. Hossain, M. Yahyavi, C.-H. Hsu, Y.P. Feng, A. Bansil, M.Z. Hasan, and G. Chang, Inter- twining of Magnetism and Charge Ordering in Kagome FeGe, ACS Nano 17, 10164-10171 (2023)

work page 2023

[25] [25]

J. Oh, A. Biswas, M. Klemm, H. Tan, Y. Xie, B. Gao, M. Hashimoto, D. Lu, B. Yan, P. Dai, R. J. Birgeneau, M. Yi, Disentangling the intertwined orders in a magnetic kagome metal, Sci. Adv. 11, eadt2195 (2025)

work page 2025

[26] [26]

Z. Zhao, T. Li, P. Li, X. Wu, J. Yao, Z. Chen, S. Cui, Z. Sun, Y. Yang, Z. Jiang, Z. Liu, A. Louat, T. Kim, C. Cacho, A. Wang, Y. Wang, D. Shen, J. Jiang, D.L. Feng, Photoemission Evidence of a Novel Charge Order in Kagome Metal FeGe, Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy 68, 267012 (2025)

work page 2025

[27] [27]

Tam, Lebing Chen, Hengxin Tan, Yaofeng Xie, Bin Gao, Garrett E

Xiaokun Teng, David W. Tam, Lebing Chen, Hengxin Tan, Yaofeng Xie, Bin Gao, Garrett E. Granroth, Alexandre Ivanov, Philippe Bourges, Binghai Yan, Ming Yi, and Pengcheng Dai, Spin-Charge-Lattice Coupling across the Charge Density Wave Transition in a Kagome Lattice Antiferromagnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 046502 (2024)

work page 2024

[28] [28]

Bouma, Z

D.S. Bouma, Z. Chen, B. Zhang, F. Bruni, M.E. Flatt´ e, A. Ceballos, R. Streubel, L.-W. Wang, R.Q. Wu, and F. Hellman, Itinerant ferromagnetism and intrin- sic anomalous Hall eﬀect in amorphous iron-germanium, Phys. Rev. B 101, 014402 (2020)

work page 2020

[29] [29]

Porter, J.C

N.A. Porter, J.C. Gartside, and C.H. Marrows, Scatter- ing mechanisms in textured FeGe thin ﬁlms: Magnetore- sistance and the anomalous Hall eﬀect, Phys. Rev. B 90, 024403 (2014)

work page 2014

[30] [30]

Bernhard, B

J. Bernhard, B. Lebech, and O. Beckman, Neutron diﬀraction studies of the low-temperature magnetic structure of hexagonal FeGe, J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 14, 2379 (1984)

work page 1984

[31] [31]

Winn, Garrett E

Lebing Chen, Xiaokun Teng, Hengxin Tan, Barry L. Winn, Garrett E. Granroth, Feng Ye, D. H. Yu, R. A. Mole, Bin Gao, Binghai Yan, Ming Yi, and Pengcheng Dai, Competing itinerant and local spin interactions in kagome metal FeGe, Nature Communications 15, 1918 (2024)

work page 1918

[32] [32]

X. Wu, X. Mi, L. Zhang, C.-W. Wang, N. Maraytta, X. Zhou, M. He, M. Merz, Y. Chai, and A. Wang, Annealing-tunable charge density wave in the kagome an- tiferromagnet FeGe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 256501 (2024)

work page 2024

[33] [33]

Ziyuan Chen, Xueliang Wu, Shiming Zhou, Jiakang Zhang, Ruotong Yin, Yuanji Li, Mingzhe Li, Jiashuo Gong, Mingquan He, Yisheng Chai, Xiaoyuan Zhou, Yilin Wang, Aifeng Wang, Ya-Jun Yan, and Dong-Lai Feng, Discovery of a long-ranged charge order with 1/4 Ge1-dimerization in an antiferromagnetic Kagome metal, Nature Communications 15, 6262 (2024)

work page 2024

[34] [34]

C. Shi, Y. Liu, B.B. Maity, Q. Wang, S.R. Kotla, S. Ramakrishnan, C. Eisele, H. Agarwal, L. Noohinejad, Q. Tao, B. Kang, Z. Lou, X. Yang, Y. Qi, X. Lin, Z.- A. Xu, A. Thamizhavel, G.-H. Cao, S. van Smaalen, S. Cao, and J.-K. Bao, Annealing-induced long-range charge density wave order in magnetic kagome FeGe: Fluctuations and disordered structure, Science ...

work page 2024

[35] [35]

Klemm, S

M. Klemm, S. Siddique, Y.-C. Chang, S. Xu, Y. Xie, T. Legvold, M.T. Kiani, F. Ye, H. Cao, Y. Hao, W. Tian, H. Luetkens, M. Matsuda, D. Natelson, Z. Guguchia, C.- L. Huang, M. Yi, J.J. Cha, and P. Dai, Vacancy-induced suppression of CDW order and its impact on magnetic order in kagome antiferromagnet FeGe, Nature Commu- nications 16, 3313 (2025)

work page 2025

[36] [36]

Y. Zhu, D. Zhang, G. Zheng, K.-W. Chen, H. Bhandari, K. Jenkins, A. Chan, N. J. Ghimire, and L. Li, Geomet- rical Nernst eﬀect in the kagome magnet YMn 6Sn4Ge2, Phys. Rev. B 110(19), 195125 (2024)

work page 2024

[37] [37]

Asaba, V

T. Asaba, V. Ivanov, S. M. Thomas, S.Y. Savrasov, J.D. Thompson, E.D. Bauer, and F. Ronning, Colossal anomalous Nernst eﬀect in a correlated noncentrosym- metric kagome ferromagnet, Sci. Adv. 7, eabf1467 (2021)

work page 2021

[38] [38]

Roychowdhury, A

S. Roychowdhury, A. M. Ochs, S. N. Guin, K. Samanta, J. Noky, C. Shekhar, M. G. Vergniory, J. E. Goldberger, and C. Felser, Large room temperature anomalous trans- verse thermoelectric eﬀect in kagome antiferromagnet YMn6Sn6, Adv. Mater. 34, 2201350 (2022)

work page 2022

[39] [39]

Bhandari, R

H. Bhandari, R. L. Dally, P. E. Siegfried, R. B. Regmi, K. C. Rule, S. Chi, J. W. Lynn, I. Mazin, and N. J. Ghimire, Magnetism and fermiology of kagome magnet YMn6Sn4Ge2, npj Quantum Materials 9, 6 (2024)

work page 2024

[40] [40]

Zeng, X.-Q

C. Zeng, X.-Q. Yu, Z.-M. Yu, and Y. Yao, Band tilt in- duced nonlinear Nernst eﬀect in topological insulators: An eﬃcient generation of high-performance spin polar- ization, Phys. Rev. B. 106, L081121 (2022)

work page 2022

[41] [41]

Ceccardi, A

M. Ceccardi, A. Zeugner, C. Hess, B. B¨ uchner, D. Marr´ e, A. Isaeva, and F. Caglieris, Anomalous Nernst eﬀect in the topological and magnetic material MnBi 4Te7, npj Quantum Materials 8(76), (2023)

work page 2023

[42] [42]

Sharma, Tunable topological Nernst eﬀect in two- dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides, Phys

G. Sharma, Tunable topological Nernst eﬀect in two- dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides, Phys. Rev . B. 98, 075416 (2018)

work page 2018

[43] [43]

W.-L. Lee, S. Watauchi, V.L. Miller, R.J. Cava, and N.P. Ong, Anomalous Hall Heat Current and Nernst Eﬀect in the CuCr 2Se4− xBrx Ferromagnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 226601 (2004)

work page 2004

[44] [44]

Miyasato, N

T. Miyasato, N. Abe, T. Fujii, A. Asamitsu, S. Onoda, Y. Onose, N. Nagaosa, and Y. Tokura, Crossover Behav- ior of the Anomalous Hall Eﬀect and Anomalous Nernst Eﬀect in Itinerant Ferromagnets, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 086602 (2007)

work page 2007

[45] [45]

Y. Pu, D. Chiba, F. Matsukura, H. Ohno, and J. Shi, Mott Relation for Anomalous Hall and Nernst Eﬀects in Ga1− xMnxAs Ferromagnetic Semiconductors, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 117208 (2008)

work page 2008

[46] [46]

Chuang, P.L

T.-C. Chuang, P.L. Su, P. Wu, and S. Y. Huang, En- hancement of the anomalous Nernst eﬀect in ferromag- netic thin ﬁlms, Phys. Rev. B 96, 174406 (2017)

work page 2017

[47] [47]

Ramos, M.H

R. Ramos, M.H. Aguirre, A. Anad´ on, J. Blasco, I. Lucas, 7 K. Uchida, P.A. Algarabel, L. Morell´ on, E. Saitoh, and M.R. Ibarra, Anomalous Nernst eﬀect of Fe 3O4 single crystal, Phys. Rev. B 90, 054422 (2014)

work page 2014

[48] [48]

Sharma, C

G. Sharma, C. Moore, S. Saha, and S. Tewari, Nernst ef- fect in Dirac and inversion-asymmetric Weyl semimetals, Phys. Rev. B. 96, 195119 (2017)

work page 2017

[49] [49]

Watzman, T.M

S. Watzman, T.M. McCormick, C. Shekhar, S.-C. Wu, Y. Sun, A. Prakash, C. Felser, N. Trivedi, and J.P. Here- mans, Dirac dispersion generates unusually large Nernst eﬀect in Weyl semimetals, Phys. Rev. B. 97, 161404(R) (2018)

work page 2018

[50] [50]

L. Xu, X. Li, L. Ding, T. Chen, A. Sakai, B. Fauqu´ e, S. Nakatsuji, Z. Zhu, and K. Behnia, Anomalous trans- verse response of Co 2MnGa and universality of the room- temperature α A ij/σ A ij ratio across topological magnets, Phys. Rev. B 101, 180404 (2020)

work page 2020

[51] [51]

L. Ding, J. Koo, L. Xu, X. Li, X. Lu, L. Zhao, Q. Wang, Q. Yin, H. Lei, B. Yan, Z. Zhu, and K. Behnia, Intrinsic anomalous Nernst eﬀect ampliﬁed by disorder in a half- metallic semimetal, Phys. Rev. X. 9, 041061, (2019)

work page 2019