Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T16:46:31.636909Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 69 of 69 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2508.21334.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T16:46:31.636909Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
69 of 69 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 004ff5e4-f9a2-4dc7-b781-5de88795c9fa · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation c2f9efa9-e49d-4643-8caf-2835f2205fe4 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation e93b4726-4801-47bd-b9d4-90e9be8d1e9d · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness 1999.Income Inequality Measurement: The Normative Approach
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation b3fffb3e-7efc-4b4a-b4e8-68f6d1fa378d · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 1d07733c-0349-4820-893e-b5f61b6b1c5f · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Command A: An Enterprise-Ready Large Language Model
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e2a974bd-69e1-444b-b680-aeefdfd2ce68 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bb66d654-130f-4ea1-b0ad-8d46235780f2 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ba4848dd-9c32-4055-9896-0528f6b6bd7d · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 5b0ecf64-6cb3-4447-b1ad-23d5192b5881 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 69507584-69fc-4634-bad2-84c1b073a8d8 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6e557777-0ea1-4858-aefb-77925e1b1cc7 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ae4cddaf-4453-4f46-86d7-bd70c2fe8bf2 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness A Normative Framework for Benchmarking Consumer Fairness in Large Language Model Recommender System
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 42f49f7a-c475-4278-a3bf-971f3c51fbbd · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation e294eb2f-beb6-45b7-b01e-a590118cb7f0 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 8a25e87c-8b56-4849-8850-f86bebdd0e29 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 343091f1-1c28-4b33-8e53-a8b8a188b991 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 088b1681-4398-41fa-be52-0b256ed45e19 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Reducing Population-level Inequality Can Improve Demographic Group Fairness: a Twitter Case Study
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ade7c68b-0632-47f3-9be4-050ec730aeed · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 3a5cb37e-0e0f-4b8a-b83b-c1b9c482954b · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Tools
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 00466fc0-4256-4981-b7b8-87961c65bcea · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 380f1369-0af1-450b-83d4-5528ced3feef · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness The Llama 3 Herd of Models
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 92ebc732-5747-42c2-a0d4-2e5fced10821 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 9796b80c-dd87-4eba-8260-50a2dfb062de · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Maxwell Harper and Joseph A
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2af4b8b2-220d-4687-af51-03c94678f832 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation da02b423-6004-4035-9bf3-b10d05d12d75 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 47c2b41b-6f1a-49d4-9308-92ad03b8ad59 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a9a3ef5a-cb69-485e-81ff-0a98ca05b201 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cce892c8-1967-452b-a05a-5801e6ca9cad · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 71a30c52-c45d-4e25-8f48-dfe399d1e366 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d2daefc4-bff3-43d8-a56e-dec0f8ea94b2 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 50578c5a-3500-4b2c-893b-674783b974a6 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a9591f8e-b007-45b3-a57c-fd9004e1cc01 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ab441740-71f1-4c8a-b8d3-a62d270f972e · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 60cfcec9-2b20-4652-b24f-b0159261698e · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 52aec872-6a08-4dfc-82cc-89ea9c19fac2 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation afd3597f-f21d-43e7-8be5-a3e8b58d912d · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 521f750d-15b7-4d99-9496-6f05f03ad77f · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 50ab8b14-1b48-4903-b1de-85fa2b644fdb · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b61835df-9bed-402f-b807-d7952f5146e1 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 8cd56511-1131-4b1b-92f1-db6e1375664a · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Evaluating ChatGPT as a Recommender System: A Rigorous Approach
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e9e85d29-ac40-4d9f-8922-360ed33ae85d · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation db6fcb07-70c7-4c7e-ac90-630445f55d9d · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Gummadi, and Abhi- jnan Chakraborty
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a9b6d6f1-c9bb-4246-a7f9-eba692f78bae · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Fairness for All: Investigating Harms to Within-Group Individuals in Producer Fairness Re-ranking Optimization -- A Reproducibility Study
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7a37f776-28e6-490f-b5b8-d72148476ac6 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d60866e6-c3f6-4a47-b52c-2b291b80c683 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8cf6f972-d1a4-418f-a8ab-2d6bbbcb4ab2 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Gummadi, and Mark Crovella
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 587fdde0-f85d-4765-890b-576bc28e068c · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 4c22a3f8-8bed-4fb2-b8a7-d4f5dfdd39fe · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation edc64835-862a-4517-b366-1b09a3144251 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 47bd77f7-c55c-44d6-9c66-42b58fda5ae2 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0832041f-a61f-456b-98b0-b9263b6f5fb2 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Gummadi, Adish Singla, Adrian Weller, and Muhammad Bilal Zafar
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 720cc6fa-755c-471a-901f-01d8b0e82d8b · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation f2142f68-3e3d-4733-bb73-1c53f43fa05e · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cc358f00-504a-40e9-8a38-0001a0485a96 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 551f656b-5e82-43a4-8065-92fd611b23a2 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Bureau of Labor Statistics
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation a335f659-d8e8-4b22-b9f3-742e1d7599cb · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Bureau of Labor Statistics
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 8b8bf16b-66ad-4cf5-a083-225c73185fa7 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation feb4ebdc-29df-42e2-bfac-5f6d2c427f42 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5bdd4ca0-73a7-4954-9953-0f42bf67f73f · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7ee41631-40bb-4ed3-af1c-9050ec40e364 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d374e3fd-74e1-49f6-acc2-74b411a6b58f · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e101476d-2221-46da-9aa1-cad51cce616c · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 88743d57-5269-4bc9-870b-34285ebcbdef · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 65
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 96c8b999-c3b1-4e5c-a3de-0ed82200cd0a · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 66
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation d6484f69-f6af-45d7-b648-758bd6705161 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 67
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 69ceebb1-dbb1-410a-b1c6-71af6ff2239d · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 68
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ed8370f0-1fc8-4d62-8699-6f5e058d3af6 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 161
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 8d678026-c783-47b0-a894-c3e2ddcd0c67 · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness Unresolved cited work
Reference 165
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.
Observation 7d323247-a938-4380-a489-27cc8bfa164b · outbound
Stairway to Fairness: Connecting Group and Individual Fairness InProceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management (Virtual Event, Queensland, Australia) (CIKM ’21)
Reference 2021
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.