Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 28 of 28 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2509.04198.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.04198 v1

Coverage vector

measured 28 of 28 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.469025Z

measured 29 of 29 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-01T23:57:10.987083Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

28 of 28 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy3
unresolved16
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier3
metadata mismatch3

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 4bec3a7a-b7f4-45fa-9afc-a311f9085c65 · outbound

This paper cites In: Marrella, A., Matulevicius, R., Gabryelczyk, R., Axmann, B., Vuksic, V.B., Gaaloul, W., Stemberger, M.I., Ko, A., and Lu, Q.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows In: Marrella, A., Matulevicius, R., Gabryelczyk, R., Axmann, B., Vuksic, V.B., Gaaloul, W., Stemberger, M.I., Ko, A., and Lu, Q

Reference 1

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.354450Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 845fd4b7-da2c-42db-b904-3487dae3f641 · outbound

This paper cites PLoS ONE.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows PLoS ONE

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.359735Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 56cdd618-8ca1-4085-9d00-d419f5ae9520 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Intelligent Robotic Process Automation for BPMers.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Towards Intelligent Robotic Process Automation for BPMers

Reference 3

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.677346Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 599361cc-1184-4098-be81-aad0134fce14 · outbound

This paper cites Enterprise Information Systems.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Enterprise Information Systems

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.368605Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2f1506a3-2479-4773-aa0b-7563302e50b5 · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Access.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows IEEE Access

Reference 5

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:32.382430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 6aa15b66-8737-4180-a4fb-e762e9b05d4d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:32.313071Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 9005bc8f-6b1a-4565-93bf-529cc7e2c096 · outbound

This paper cites Journal of Computer Information Systems.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Journal of Computer Information Systems

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.381436Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7cfb72a4-0480-4be9-8964-414156a7d188 · outbound

This paper cites Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.657112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation e714fc83-be27-475e-8630-aef7e50b885b · outbound

This paper cites Nunes, I., V.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Nunes, I., V

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.389841Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b6fcc66e-a14a-49bd-af8e-d464faae6824 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.641522Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 28303be1-13b5-49c3-b9ce-8b76869a52bb · outbound

This paper cites Agentic AI: A Concep- tual Taxonomy, Applications and Challenges, https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10468, (2025).

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Agentic AI: A Concep- tual Taxonomy, Applications and Challenges, https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10468, (2025)

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.397801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9475d029-ca49-4106-81ad-58f1e38ab578 · outbound

This paper cites ProAgent: From Robotic Process Automation to Agentic Process Automation.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows ProAgent: From Robotic Process Automation to Agentic Process Automation

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.401803Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d319849e-cc40-4ac8-834b-443113df2c57 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:32.601380Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 6c04d229-f123-4c4b-86fa-16f1b126d164 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:32.588465Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation bfd4b19f-400a-44f8-938f-6d866ce00ae6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:32.574807Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 4ae54980-32ad-4c53-a777-cf66d576dfd6 · outbound

This paper cites London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library (2015).

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library (2015)

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:32.561131Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation db5c03d1-0405-46bc-8f2e-c8c766627861 · outbound

This paper cites In: Grefen, P.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows In: Grefen, P

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:32.046706Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 8a5d5e1c-35c8-417a-ac84-06d959a51ad9 · outbound

This paper cites In: 2024 47th MIPRO ICT and Electronics Conven- tion (MIPRO).

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows In: 2024 47th MIPRO ICT and Electronics Conven- tion (MIPRO)

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.425899Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 55b25da0-e95c-41a1-a372-774a8a8310bb · outbound

This paper cites In: 2025 IEEE Con- ference on Secure and Trustworthy Machine Learning (SaTML).

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows In: 2025 IEEE Con- ference on Secure and Trustworthy Machine Learning (SaTML)

Reference 19

Resolution: malformed identifier; doi_truncated, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.776354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation add551ad-2c6b-47e4-b65d-d3c337dec4f3 · outbound

This paper cites In: Pesquita, C., Skaf -Molli, H., Efthymiou, V., Kirrane, S., Ngonga, A., Collarana, D., Cerqueira, R., Alam, M., Trojahn, C., and Hertling, S.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows In: Pesquita, C., Skaf -Molli, H., Efthymiou, V., Kirrane, S., Ngonga, A., Collarana, D., Cerqueira, R., Alam, M., Trojahn, C., and Hertling, S

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:32.545760Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 3a0f64a5-1db7-4819-80bd-e76c0aeef5be · outbound

This paper cites Calibration and Correctness of Language Models for Code.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Calibration and Correctness of Language Models for Code

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.442315Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1d237ea3-1a35-4c8f-a33b-380bee015570 · outbound

This paper cites Enhancing Trust in LLM-Based AI Automation Agents: New Considerations and Future Challenges.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Enhancing Trust in LLM-Based AI Automation Agents: New Considerations and Future Challenges

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.446673Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9f4204cd-bc53-4e5e-9c79-5172060e5eb8 · outbound

This paper cites Bus Inf Syst Eng.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Bus Inf Syst Eng

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.451482Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cbdeb8de-a28d-4023-b113-5a92fe79b56d · outbound

This paper cites eds: Robotic process automation: management, techno- logy, applications.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows eds: Robotic process automation: management, techno- logy, applications

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:32.531278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 42a328f1-233c-4adc-8e3a-c874a8f02207 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:32.516952Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation edef33c1-c811-4baf-b8aa-6cef02ad00ff · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:32.502976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 21b06b3e-7a9b-4c76-996c-14c87a81cd67 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:32.489330Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 1f1010eb-0150-4ebf-8d93-ee82f592fca3 · outbound

This paper cites https://doi.org/10.1007/978 -3- 031-43458-7_34.

Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows https://doi.org/10.1007/978 -3- 031-43458-7_34

Reference 185

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T10:22:31.438226Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 952f77e7-f982-4af5-b5f4-8c618f89c7da · inbound

Plover: Steering GUI Agents through Plan-Centric Interaction cites this paper.

Plover: Steering GUI Agents through Plan-Centric Interaction Are LLM Agents the New RPA? A Comparative Study with RPA Across Enterprise Workflows

Reference 56

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T23:57:10.987083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.