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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2509.05420.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.05420 v1

Coverage vector

measured 32 of 32 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:09.864162Z

measured 33 of 33 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-21T19:32:33.621988Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-21T19:34:20.126755Z

Reference resolution

32 of 32 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy23
  • unresolved9
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation a4206d12-76e8-442f-aa1a-227d692f49cf · outbound

This paper cites de Vries ,\ title title The growing energy footprint of artificial intelligence ,\ @noop journal journal Joule \ volume 7 ,\ pages 2191 ( year 2023 ) NoStop.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity de Vries ,\ title title The growing energy footprint of artificial intelligence ,\ @noop journal journal Joule \ volume 7 ,\ pages 2191 ( year 2023 ) NoStop

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.384360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

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Observation 39086290-69d6-4ef5-add2-b3ecc033adc3 · outbound

This paper cites Marković , author A.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Marković , author A

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.366896Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.718676Z digest=sha256:f767106ebfbad2cd1bf34bba8180a4c0da2303a1b4f59ee37ae6fba3d2231b93

Observation 9d68566d-c89e-47f6-a1db-bf90d2fa2c24 · outbound

This paper cites Wetzstein , author A.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Wetzstein , author A

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.350437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.723488Z digest=sha256:399363864f30cc313bb7dd8d9a0e78c77176814efc2f9437d8cfd3d869879a92

Observation e70570f3-4955-4f5b-a34a-9f96f5f19710 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.334141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.729287Z digest=sha256:bb2ccc07405f0ed156afca0125acf55500b35848808a21ed000c4bc9521dbb88

Observation 7519c463-f5bc-4f73-b44d-f2d1cb208f84 · outbound

This paper cites Training of Physical Neural Networks.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Training of Physical Neural Networks

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:09.734647Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.734647Z digest=sha256:f002a60000928e56615e6c72346a5f25aa543aefe52674cef7d5a4f87983e199

Observation 6f94d2a6-d07b-43a0-98e9-005fdbc1ac2e · outbound

This paper cites Psaltis \ and\ author N.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Psaltis \ and\ author N

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.316996Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.740489Z digest=sha256:6e3079c29f4c33337dbc33001d02e1d6ed81708bf8fce73c7b63767d1f1c3ea4

Observation 674166d0-4fd1-4c8a-8454-a09ac013e0be · outbound

This paper cites Lin , author Y.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Lin , author Y

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.302597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.746144Z digest=sha256:c96fafeb005daba81defa9d360464f0c738e8edc18ddc571c1489362fef135bc

Observation 237b5ccc-8e46-4422-86a4-c6b900c85cb2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.288051Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.750735Z digest=sha256:cd7230359144927a90d5fef8846474ca53e9dc4f0528bda92fde6f620d9888a7

Observation 19659fa7-3501-42f2-a762-5f9b39508a72 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.273619Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.755201Z digest=sha256:88fb91668fca5f1a01bca8096af155c15032567464aa69fb3a63da388b2126a6

Observation 7cdf5815-c7fd-4e5c-bc3c-715ee73e9983 · outbound

This paper cites Eliezer , author U.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Eliezer , author U

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.259385Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.759710Z digest=sha256:b5042ae7e004bce9e4c0f99aac7e3dda97ef35f4d024e70a263f828fb72f59c5

Observation 6ef85fd8-ec63-4f9e-9db2-ea45fb0cf4da · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.243798Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.764424Z digest=sha256:8b7ec33226448f5ebd52b1624fb32515dcc874d3131aa32295f084f46360acd4

Observation d0320576-74b5-46cc-8e25-102afa122bc3 · outbound

This paper cites Xia , author K.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Xia , author K

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.229721Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.768939Z digest=sha256:fee3198c91e42fee8492969829331144cee8c02edce2b018f2df501e1b995fd1

Observation 6c7fca51-0837-4f23-abc3-5f86b7b9ab90 · outbound

This paper cites Yildirim , author N.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Yildirim , author N

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.215054Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.774554Z digest=sha256:92b20c49e952dd0116783b1255d2b7bb9d6e29ee12a35b2f9803c3482e4de972

Observation a82dd7f6-83c7-4f56-b713-e396291e21ea · outbound

This paper cites Hornik , author M.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Hornik , author M

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.200246Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.779542Z digest=sha256:d684246845fb376f40f810bbce32d85d5b99126508e1896e63ee9e194bb3def7

Observation 0494aa59-6c4e-4815-8fb2-a89e3428ceb4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.185169Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.784398Z digest=sha256:226b497b7b3010b7e8bff43334d63586001ac0e1ecd0cb1e1ef5aa4a78e88a3b

Observation 6a1c45d7-364e-4c5e-b14a-61f44282d38c · outbound

This paper cites Athale \ and\ author D.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Athale \ and\ author D

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.169489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.788977Z digest=sha256:2b7bbaff7e44726ddd169be12c6c6f2fa660700526f4c7eae1f65e7790e81104

Observation 0609e594-fd67-4a18-adb2-4ab6a10b7f16 · outbound

This paper cites Silva , author F.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Silva , author F

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.153973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.793796Z digest=sha256:c10e4a61c8f83609f08a27eb27a538e2b3f3a410aff051384122264396c78953

Observation 7142d9ec-030d-4a55-b556-e27e999db67c · outbound

This paper cites Cordaro , author H.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Cordaro , author H

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.139693Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.798503Z digest=sha256:446e9a7c5fbb71934c222ebef14da41b9a8c83bc610fb138b620939a100fe60c

Observation e2101b93-e0f5-4afa-9f23-8d87f3c151a4 · outbound

This paper cites Zangeneh-Nejad , author D.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Zangeneh-Nejad , author D

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.124858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

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Observation 7eeb3a88-b8cc-4ad9-abd5-e546e2d7c9aa · outbound

This paper cites Mohammadi Estakhri , author B.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Mohammadi Estakhri , author B

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.111070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.807365Z digest=sha256:b3086a894ce9cbf8ac95a61e0d5bfadd3854ad11d6e683fbf74255d83f161760

Observation 9c5aaff8-f0c0-4fd6-815c-acfc20adaf3d · outbound

This paper cites Cordaro , author B.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Cordaro , author B

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.095681Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.812273Z digest=sha256:3a3ee7eed2f509d918bbf4ba7bc5fa7d2ddc8591947e1b3a7d428f89255e14be

Observation a4ae7287-07f1-482f-8505-d96c88350a79 · outbound

This paper cites Yang , author L.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Yang , author L

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.080786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.816796Z digest=sha256:4aec1068e227af9d4c6638e424b7a908ce3f6f2ddbfc346386120bd89756a886

Observation 53828583-20de-455e-ba0a-0869eed59704 · outbound

This paper cites Nikkhah , author A.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Nikkhah , author A

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.064844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.821697Z digest=sha256:082d3228d4aa6a8c312dda690c18c1704c7aa647a5ed81c176944b7e19f70663

Observation 251cf99b-194a-412e-be31-dfcd61a48fb5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.048467Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.826677Z digest=sha256:9ca3ad6081d383512a512a21ebe4bab422da3c90705be3be4c98984d235fac54

Observation c72a08b2-1e6c-4ce2-8333-cc3f912e5372 · outbound

This paper cites Shen , author N.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Shen , author N

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.032895Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.831329Z digest=sha256:60dfb168355e5b54e10ae5df00a30e7c0248bd8681d8d8b48bd943e7e021e8a3

Observation cb19861b-2792-4285-b703-728740acf3c8 · outbound

This paper cites Pai , author Z.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Pai , author Z

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.017378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.836125Z digest=sha256:cfa4f83da83704cdbb7eca0b6bf81ae4245880e5f789fa3bf9a52316efa918a9

Observation d86106c7-bb20-4dad-961e-0c061342f64b · outbound

This paper cites Hua , author E.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Hua , author E

Reference 27

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.000388Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.840501Z digest=sha256:7080b195b4b96f5e74b1ba4f0a36c5cbf3dd45fc5e04482305066baef9ae2c0c

Observation 8aee66f0-690d-433f-9b01-7e9a2a74996b · outbound

This paper cites Yu , author Z.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Yu , author Z

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:09.984150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.845026Z digest=sha256:613db78e4472e6afe386e22f003bc0a94ca26d4f1accf6ede9171cae1bf7bd94

Observation 0fc1ebb3-32eb-43c1-934c-9cab98c34854 · outbound

This paper cites Bandyopadhyay , author A.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Bandyopadhyay , author A

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:09.968486Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.849824Z digest=sha256:0b9e15b678657dced20c953eb8dc654934d1a45716c28989cdcf79f80d499c62

Observation ff868291-068f-4985-9b88-6285b97a37ab · outbound

This paper cites LeCun , author L.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity LeCun , author L

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:09.952467Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.854434Z digest=sha256:e5cd83ac043318eb4a902b0a6b3b06f0840855fa59f1f04fa4bd9585476b9252

Observation 3331ff13-aa27-44f3-9085-8ef1bc1dca07 · outbound

This paper cites Fashion-MNIST: a Novel Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithms.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Fashion-MNIST: a Novel Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithms

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:09.859247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.859247Z digest=sha256:7fa09a747f7fa2116e233826a2d4e752b35547fd457fc1964250e7513d450727

Observation a8927473-3525-418b-872e-3c6e20f35346 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:09.936080Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.864162Z digest=sha256:e41649c653c9bd4826a4f1b10150d74df87fd434e7650866c85318fa4c7fd289

Pith citing papers

Observation fba75295-2740-465c-a530-458b79bf4071 · inbound

Tutorial: A practical guide to the alignment of defocused spatial light modulators for fast diffractive neural networks cites this paper.

Tutorial: A practical guide to the alignment of defocused spatial light modulators for fast diffractive neural networks Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity

Reference 19

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T19:34:20.129142Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-21T19:32:33.621988Z digest=sha256:6ae85a383307a1c3b9f76bcb72a2dc02fc0a0ade09cb9cc4e52060b4722acc84