Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 16 of 16 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.09307.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.09307 v1

Coverage vector

measured 16 of 16 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.114311Z

measured 19 of 19 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 3 of 3 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-30T18:51:00.698045Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-06-30T18:55:00.393469Z

Reference resolution

16 of 16 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved15
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 11de9242-9ab2-4f96-ba0d-33bb80c239cf · outbound

This paper cites These correspond to different lattice structures or orientations.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization These correspond to different lattice structures or orientations

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.086572Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8e78bdc2-06af-4a98-81fa-176b493b9f1c · outbound

This paper cites 2H," "1T’ – Grain 1,.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization 2H," "1T’ – Grain 1,

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.091974Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bbed7e22-47df-4d5b-aba0-383a73358357 · outbound

This paper cites 2H" lattice structure. 19 - The.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization 2H" lattice structure. 19 - The

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.097696Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 544006fa-738d-4214-b97a-fe7a6b997028 · outbound

This paper cites MatExpert: Decomposing Materials Discovery by Mimicking Human Experts.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization MatExpert: Decomposing Materials Discovery by Mimicking Human Experts

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.045290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 774ac496-6aa6-4275-a357-621c1fc24760 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.069704Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 471ed568-0029-4bc3-8dea-2a381934cdce · outbound

This paper cites DARWIN Series: Domain Specific Large Language Models for Natural Science.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization DARWIN Series: Domain Specific Large Language Models for Natural Science

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.075416Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2f02af6b-2b27-46bd-8059-500a16484842 · outbound

This paper cites - These structures resemble lamellae, which are characteristic of a lamellar microstructure.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization - These structures resemble lamellae, which are characteristic of a lamellar microstructure

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.102609Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aadb203c-438d-49f7-b7f3-0f4086f170be · outbound

This paper cites - Lamellar: The image shows α lamellae within the grains, matching the description of a lamellar microstructure.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization - Lamellar: The image shows α lamellae within the grains, matching the description of a lamellar microstructure

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.108712Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 32e6d80d-7edf-4a95-942b-a3bb830fb91b · outbound

This paper cites vqas": [.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization vqas": [

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.114311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 51c4cfa5-6b58-49a7-ae89-91fc5b527e67 · outbound

This paper cites Brian L DeCost and Elizabeth A Holm.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization Brian L DeCost and Elizabeth A Holm

Reference 2017

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.040107Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0c633f48-30f0-4fe3-8b5f-98ffe5071308 · outbound

This paper cites LLM-Prop: Predicting Physical And Electronic Properties Of Crystalline Solids From Their Text Descriptions.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization LLM-Prop: Predicting Physical And Electronic Properties Of Crystalline Solids From Their Text Descriptions

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.057220Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 076adc81-e2fb-4956-b1ad-b351ef410002 · outbound

This paper cites HoneyComb: A Flexible LLM-Based Agent System for Materials Science.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization HoneyComb: A Flexible LLM-Based Agent System for Materials Science

Reference 2020

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.080180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 78af5d63-a0f5-4d46-a78b-8ee9183996d9 · outbound

This paper cites EXSCLAIM! -- An automated pipeline for the construction of labeled materials imaging datasets from literature.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization EXSCLAIM! -- An automated pipeline for the construction of labeled materials imaging datasets from literature

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.064360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 54c5659c-cbc6-4c45-b550-49f93447698b · outbound

This paper cites Multimodal ArXiv: A Dataset for Improving Scientific Comprehension of Large Vision-Language Models.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization Multimodal ArXiv: A Dataset for Improving Scientific Comprehension of Large Vision-Language Models

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.051755Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 806840f9-63dc-46af-bc79-fc44fcb23840 · outbound

This paper cites InProceedings of the 38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2024).

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization InProceedings of the 38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2024)

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.026678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 25538ad9-571d-48f6-878a-f716173b2b96 · outbound

This paper cites Janus-Pro: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Data and Model Scaling.

Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization Janus-Pro: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Data and Model Scaling

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:25:50.033776Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation b7933e12-03bf-4f02-b716-ec5cd6e4715b · inbound

PolyReal: A Benchmark for Real-World Polymer Science Workflows cites this paper.

PolyReal: A Benchmark for Real-World Polymer Science Workflows Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-13T19:58:12.242974Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 86109323-db97-47f7-8077-3fe42863e8b4 · inbound

TextAlign: Preference Alignment for Text Rendering with Hierarchical Rewards cites this paper.

TextAlign: Preference Alignment for Text Rendering with Hierarchical Rewards Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-20T07:03:06.392848Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 7f5f7240-948f-4c17-af9e-c6eadb96d96c · inbound

TextAlign: Preference Alignment for Text Rendering with Hierarchical Rewards cites this paper.

TextAlign: Preference Alignment for Text Rendering with Hierarchical Rewards Can Multimodal LLMs See Materials Clearly? A Multimodal Benchmark on Materials Characterization

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T18:55:00.395380Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.