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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts

As of 5 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 16 of 16 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.25020.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.25020 v2

Coverage vector

measured 16 of 16 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z

measured 21 of 21 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00

measured 5 of 5 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-13T15:50:49.083652Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-06-29T08:03:13.910868Z

Reference resolution

16 of 16 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact12
  • verified fuzzy3
  • unresolved1
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation d4218d0d-a941-4870-b49a-f882f4be3fa5 · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 1

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:22.198053Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:2fc53585c16de52871a279b8579a1e63f272a2c31f035f61f4c7d655a8b5fd76

Observation c8b36047-d65b-4744-ad3e-dd19c0ab51d6 · outbound

This paper cites Sparse Autoencoders Find Highly Interpretable Features in Language Models.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts Sparse Autoencoders Find Highly Interpretable Features in Language Models

Reference 2

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:22.191532Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:5d1849d3a32ce90bc1a3fed8e19d2d9fa789f73b796556f94c9ce46e957b9f04

Observation fc5713b5-68b7-4cdd-bc49-5a3eae9da7fa · outbound

This paper cites Implicit Chain of Thought Reasoning via Knowledge Distillation.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts Implicit Chain of Thought Reasoning via Knowledge Distillation

Reference 3

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:22.273178Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:25876b044f6b5f31cfe615f4e4ea85e5f3d9e4c6df6b30d81accfa425e772782

Observation 0338c000-c97a-41e1-98f2-fe16c8746c56 · outbound

This paper cites From Explicit CoT to Implicit CoT: Learning to Internalize CoT Step by Step.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts From Explicit CoT to Implicit CoT: Learning to Internalize CoT Step by Step

Reference 4

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:22.242493Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:a29ceda26af0168a4435d6f53f994f66d11ec342fbf1fc1f96873dac5853f8b2

Observation f363c52d-716b-4b1f-8d5f-8ada4991e04f · outbound

This paper cites Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts Scaling up Test-Time Compute with Latent Reasoning: A Recurrent Depth Approach

Reference 5

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:22.214437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:d9db1f8c72e290519610363dbf3935fa06aff71205eaadff5fb75f491604a0ad

Observation aad71119-6148-4d74-8bca-e1562b618e7b · outbound

This paper cites Training Large Language Models to Reason in a Continuous Latent Space.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts Training Large Language Models to Reason in a Continuous Latent Space

Reference 6

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:22.221780Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:5c3d969e7a9e0947c6d791ce8acf3ca8c59871212673f8e4cf8c7068bb56dc8d

Observation cfec7f2f-f46e-42af-8140-991f11250563 · outbound

This paper cites Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes

Reference 7

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:22.263623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:ce5ea869d782a59576b6e244e68596c250c8f35a0061a4e1553c13501b3edcef

Observation 6100034c-b546-4f5a-be15-541fd8c7f259 · outbound

This paper cites Mawps: A math word problem repository.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts Mawps: A math word problem repository

Reference 8

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:23.312684Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:9f9d095e6b58520f23aa09bb6e16afa6edf97113bd6227c5028cfe6cd4b7f3d6

Observation f7acafc3-e7b8-4789-8e56-56aa1b3cdf73 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on Diffusion Language Models.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts A Survey on Diffusion Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-05T02:16:19.040077Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:671ac2c15f78859c8e28aa18d0854e57796de709b7eb6cb10b4b3e344e12389f

Observation d874540f-529c-4655-81ed-48e5e323e64a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:23.309601Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:61d64c38e483a427c9d2e829769343ddc601007424d2a1e5a908e251816d6389

Observation c97523b9-b70f-44f3-aca6-e45631a69e86 · outbound

This paper cites Solving general arithmetic word problems.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts Solving general arithmetic word problems

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:23.306207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:a74ddd8fad5f7177fdb55fac44ccb2f29ce05ef7b976e030301d6c85d4cc8048

Observation f6242436-7e0f-4783-b00b-a02a83103571 · outbound

This paper cites CODI: Compressing Chain-of-Thought into Continuous Space via Self-Distillation.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts CODI: Compressing Chain-of-Thought into Continuous Space via Self-Distillation

Reference 12

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:22.228188Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:0a55357ff33c79237a272b09a22511e67c3e147fb63ee00cc0baf59faec52b92

Observation c3cca5f7-e66f-425d-8c3a-61dcc0c5c649 · outbound

This paper cites arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.16552 (2025).

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.16552 (2025)

Reference 13

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:22.205479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:49d260a2c38347d735a139d7474adde8d61c6eaea7a287d1f1fd90e172777ba6

Observation 8b03d6a4-258e-4867-b688-d9eaabdfb136 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2 Technical Report.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts Qwen2 Technical Report

Reference 14

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:22.256853Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:e92119fb4e5b10ebaf0dff977806d33b1eeb414137539683bf61f0cba73c6e56

Observation bfdd1ecf-5861-4c29-81b0-83cb6f12f845 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Large Reasoning Models: A Survey of Reinforced Reasoning with Large Language Models.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts Towards Large Reasoning Models: A Survey of Reinforced Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 15

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:22.249453Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:58603a60e3ea32cc7acd9799c9b06da5d61a68eb5301edb214dbdc4bbe5bb237

Observation c7b18d4c-1b1f-4a91-a09d-56f7d30c2c6c · outbound

This paper cites The training batch size is 256, and both training phases run for 10 epochs.

Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts The training batch size is 256, and both training phases run for 10 epochs

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T12:26:23.303032Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-18T12:24:43.780611Z digest=sha256:d24010b9d5a0c62dd7b6c6e5dc9ab9fb9d4ad3b98f98611d1e586683e488f66e

Pith citing papers

Observation 48978d8c-67a6-4dfa-a33e-6164cc545e65 · inbound

The Latent Space: Foundation, Evolution, Mechanism, Ability, and Outlook cites this paper.

The Latent Space: Foundation, Evolution, Mechanism, Ability, and Outlook Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts

Reference 121

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-07-13T14:03:01.974171Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-13T14:03:01.974171Z digest=sha256:16b956451cb8d18d39a1aaa4d6c46bf51ab626afc692c18cb7c7a7f07471b1d7

Observation 75954b26-a491-4bda-8439-fde0adff98cb · inbound

Internalized Reasoning for Long-Context Visual Document Understanding cites this paper.

Internalized Reasoning for Long-Context Visual Document Understanding Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts

Reference 29

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-13T23:53:28.023593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T23:53:19.148407Z digest=sha256:e04409f5fdcbc4286b7ed85d4934f310daac36d9c655fe6a93b29362e3f4555c

Observation 79909a3c-f7ca-4669-80c5-7d0ed1b06491 · inbound

Internalized Reasoning for Long-Context Visual Document Understanding cites this paper.

Internalized Reasoning for Long-Context Visual Document Understanding Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-07-13T15:50:49.083652Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-13T15:50:49.083652Z digest=sha256:4f8826f18c3c6fe04c559d5f2e5c5c3e317b971f7452144309f27c8f66892446

Observation c4eba192-7046-489e-b751-c6ef968db16b · inbound

RuPLaR : Efficient Latent Compression of LLM Reasoning Chains with Rule-Based Priors From Multi-Step to One-Step cites this paper.

RuPLaR : Efficient Latent Compression of LLM Reasoning Chains with Rule-Based Priors From Multi-Step to One-Step Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts

Reference 9

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-12T06:31:27.162103Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-12T04:12:54.014529Z digest=sha256:b6c7e6808a9c67a1663f9594d0176d0ca1efc93cf70c5396670b990b70f925b5

Observation 40dd24f1-38bf-4777-9f01-043f2610249e · inbound

Unlocking the Working Memory of Large Language Models for Latent Reasoning cites this paper.

Unlocking the Working Memory of Large Language Models for Latent Reasoning Deep Thinking by Markov Chain of Continuous Thoughts

Reference 12

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T08:03:13.913064Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-06-29T08:02:05.390732Z digest=sha256:79599dcd7797d9c08ff3ed91a216a0814b9beab1ab51540c74a8b89e5e542faa