Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-17T01:40:11.922001Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition
As of 3 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 31 of 31 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2512.04269.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
31 of 31 outbound references displayed
- verified exact2
- verified fuzzy28
- unresolved1
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 1a11ea76-018c-45b1-b047-a8680178988f · outbound
This paper cites The role of expertise in effectively moderating harmful social media content.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition The role of expertise in effectively moderating harmful social media content
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.442085Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 9e9fc445-b8a3-4859-a4c9-708696d517ea · outbound
This paper cites Ptsd, depression and anxiety: why former face- book moderators in kenya are taking legal action.The Guardian, 12:2024.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Ptsd, depression and anxiety: why former face- book moderators in kenya are taking legal action.The Guardian, 12:2024
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.445136Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 4bd0818b-ec2b-423f-8b5b-ddd0395d8b9a · outbound
This paper cites Linkedin will soon use your data to train ai.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Linkedin will soon use your data to train ai
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.439360Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 6522f960-33ad-446f-8d46-929e55628f71 · outbound
This paper cites Fairwork ai ratings 2023: The workers behind ai at sama.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Fairwork ai ratings 2023: The workers behind ai at sama
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.436447Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 0f9ec48b-e229-4d86-a38c-beff891c45de · outbound
This paper cites We live in an era of cognitive/digital apartheid and feudalism.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition We live in an era of cognitive/digital apartheid and feudalism
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.031543Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation f9d06bc4-6ac6-4872-b3d8-d16742cb2d5f · outbound
This paper cites [EMHT25] El-Mahdi El-Mhamdi, Lˆ e-Nguyˆ en Hoang, and Mariame Tighanimine.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition [EMHT25] El-Mahdi El-Mhamdi, Lˆ e-Nguyˆ en Hoang, and Mariame Tighanimine
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.528492Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 297c375f-22bd-415f-85d6-e7d0a1b9e18a · outbound
This paper cites The Perspectivist Paradigm Shift: Assumptions and Challenges of Capturing Human Labels.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition The Perspectivist Paradigm Shift: Assumptions and Challenges of Capturing Human Labels
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.026837Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 532b3c34-f46a-4a40-bab9-aeeaa2da4230 · outbound
This paper cites Digital apartheid and the horn of africa.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Digital apartheid and the horn of africa
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.513831Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation b9fe74f3-bef5-4171-b478-385f21dcbb5b · outbound
This paper cites Silicon savanna: The workers taking on africa’s digital sweatshops.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Silicon savanna: The workers taking on africa’s digital sweatshops
Reference 9
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.509830Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 78f44388-a5fb-4676-8d23-a8b60494e1ee · outbound
This paper cites I was a content moderator for facebook.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition I was a content moderator for facebook
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.505191Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation c61969ba-50f5-4d06-94d8-604dc04e7780 · outbound
This paper cites A hunt for the snark: Annotator diversity in data practices.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition A hunt for the snark: Annotator diversity in data practices
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.501716Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 3186473e-09fc-4483-a70e-19980f56b334 · outbound
This paper cites ´Etude psycho sociale.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition ´Etude psycho sociale
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.498144Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation c69b76df-9c1a-4746-9700-d225782bc8e8 · outbound
This paper cites The work of ai: Mapping human labour in the ai pipeline.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition The work of ai: Mapping human labour in the ai pipeline
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.454291Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 12e3da90-41b5-4823-91f2-85b6f243d0b3 · outbound
This paper cites Going dark: Social factors in collective action against platform operators in the reddit blackout.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Going dark: Social factors in collective action against platform operators in the reddit blackout
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.494838Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 13079dfa-c08d-4d98-80fe-aa3eb35bb213 · outbound
This paper cites The end of trust and safety?: Examining the future of content moderation and upheavals in professional online safety efforts.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition The end of trust and safety?: Examining the future of content moderation and upheavals in professional online safety efforts
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.491849Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 3f95396f-3a95-435b-9d3e-b6e1f5fe1f16 · outbound
This paper cites Facebook loses jurisdiction appeal in kenyan court paving the way for moderators’ case to proceed.The Independent, 09:2024.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Facebook loses jurisdiction appeal in kenyan court paving the way for moderators’ case to proceed.The Independent, 09:2024
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.517299Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation bd0663cb-138e-4f75-8089-889921d6a5e3 · outbound
This paper cites Tackling hate speech in low-resource languages with context experts.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Tackling hate speech in low-resource languages with context experts
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.457358Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation f89426d3-f117-4639-bc39-a36ae774e454 · outbound
This paper cites 150 african workers for chatgpt, tiktok and facebook vote to unionize at landmark nairobi meeting.Time Magazine, 1:2023.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition 150 african workers for chatgpt, tiktok and facebook vote to unionize at landmark nairobi meeting.Time Magazine, 1:2023
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.488580Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 91e4e682-406a-470b-a22e-78f41680010c · outbound
This paper cites Exclusive: Openai used kenyan workers on less than$2 per hour to make chatgpt less toxic.Time Magazine, 18:2023.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Exclusive: Openai used kenyan workers on less than$2 per hour to make chatgpt less toxic.Time Magazine, 18:2023
Reference 19
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.520987Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 1005bdea-02f9-480e-b2b1-b73051a1b206 · outbound
This paper cites Former tiktok moderator threatens lawsuit in kenya over alleged trauma and unfair dismissal.Time, 07:2023.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Former tiktok moderator threatens lawsuit in kenya over alleged trauma and unfair dismissal.Time, 07:2023
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.524661Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 03a76ffd-517c-4959-9689-c7d17c5e02a6 · outbound
This paper cites Richard mathenge organizer, african content moderators union.Time, Time100 AI 2023:2023.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Richard mathenge organizer, african content moderators union.Time, Time100 AI 2023:2023
Reference 21
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.460405Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 0f0446f2-9847-4eda-a475-1ea7ee745bcc · outbound
This paper cites Kauna malgwi chairperson, nigeria chapter, content moderators union.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Kauna malgwi chairperson, nigeria chapter, content moderators union
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.485353Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation d3fc395d-59e1-4dac-9f06-5fe6c07c3869 · outbound
This paper cites Mophat okinyi chairperson, content moderators union.Time, Time100 AI 2024:2024.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Mophat okinyi chairperson, content moderators union.Time, Time100 AI 2024:2024
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.482438Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation c4ba08d1-e80a-483e-946e-256b6dc98084 · outbound
This paper cites Meta’s ai to train using social media posts from europe.Reuters, 06:2024.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Meta’s ai to train using social media posts from europe.Reuters, 06:2024
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.479135Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 66aee6d1-beea-42cd-b58f-a6dfadd6cffe · outbound
This paper cites The psychological well-being of content moderators: the emotional labor of commercial moderation and avenues for improving support.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition The psychological well-being of content moderators: the emotional labor of commercial moderation and avenues for improving support
Reference 25
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.463625Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 2ec5cf48-4b00-469d-abe7-50a7154e81e2 · outbound
This paper cites it’s been tough for us.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition it’s been tough for us
Reference 26
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.475494Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 093d3304-815c-4faf-87b6-0c2566e1bd19 · outbound
This paper cites everyone wants to do the model work, not the data work.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition everyone wants to do the model work, not the data work
Reference 27
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.450963Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 5960d6a5-1fd9-477d-af15-54abcaa26b0d · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.448022Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 05821a81-938c-482b-a8b8-beca19c272b6 · outbound
This paper cites Meta argues its ai needs personal information from social media posts to learn ‘australian concepts’.The Guardian, 07:2025.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Meta argues its ai needs personal information from social media posts to learn ‘australian concepts’.The Guardian, 07:2025
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.466282Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 86e81eed-8669-4f25-a29d-acde894e2746 · outbound
This paper cites Creators say they didn’t know google uses youtube to train ai.CNBC, 06:2025.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition Creators say they didn’t know google uses youtube to train ai.CNBC, 06:2025
Reference 30
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.472632Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Observation 9bda8a81-fc07-4164-a6db-0d7a8bf15e04 · outbound
This paper cites The making of performative accuracy in ai training: Precision labor and its consequences.
Mapping Data Labour Supply Chain in Africa in an Era of Digital Apartheid: a Struggle for Recognition The making of performative accuracy in ai training: Precision labor and its consequences
Reference 31
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T01:41:25.469487Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-03T06:30:56.289259+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.