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arxiv: 2512.13521 · v2 · submitted 2025-12-15 · ❄️ cond-mat.quant-gas · physics.atom-ph

Optically trapped Feshbach molecules of fermionic ¹⁶¹Dy and ⁴⁰K: Role of light-induced and collisional losses

Alberto Canali , Chun-Kit Wong , Luc Absil , Zhu-Xiong Ye , Marian Kreyer , Emil Kirilov , Rudolf Grimm This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-16 21:58 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.quant-gas physics.atom-ph
keywords Feshbach moleculesultracold DyKoptical dipole trapPauli suppressioncollisional losseslight-induced lossesfermionic isotopesweakly bound dimers
0
0 comments X

The pith

Pauli exclusion suppresses collisional losses of weakly bound DyK molecules by an order of magnitude near a Feshbach resonance.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

Researchers trap weakly bound molecules made from fermionic dysprosium and potassium atoms in optical dipole traps using laser light at wavelengths from 1050 to 2002 nanometers. They find that light from the trap causes most of the molecule loss except at longer wavelengths near 2000 nanometers. By operating at 1550 nanometers where light effects reach a minimum, they isolate the effects of molecule-molecule collisions. For molecules tuned to be very weakly bound at the center of a Feshbach resonance, these collisions are reduced by roughly a factor of ten due to the Pauli principle that forbids certain interactions between identical fermions.

Core claim

We have realized dipole traps with near-infrared laser light in four different wavelength regions between 1050 and 2002 nm. In a trap near 1550 nm, we found a plateau of minimal light-induced losses, and by carefully tuning the wavelength, we reached conditions where losses from inelastic collisions between the trapped dimers became observable. For very weakly bound dimers close to the center of a magnetically tuned Feshbach resonance, we demonstrate the Pauli suppression of collisional losses by about an order of magnitude.

What carries the argument

The wavelength-tuned optical dipole trap isolating collisional losses from light-induced processes in weakly bound Feshbach dimers.

If this is right

  • Light-induced losses dominate in most near-infrared traps but can be minimized at specific wavelengths around 1550 nm and 2000 nm.
  • Collisional losses become measurable once light-induced losses are reduced.
  • The observed suppression allows for longer storage of the dimers in the trap.
  • This is relevant for experiments on pairing and superfluidity in mass-imbalanced fermionic systems.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The wavelength dependence of losses points to specific molecular electronic transitions that could be mapped in detail.
  • Similar Pauli suppression may apply to other combinations of fermionic atoms forming dimers, improving their utility in quantum gas experiments.
  • Further tuning of trap parameters like intensity or detuning could test the density dependence of the remaining losses.

Load-bearing premise

The observed plateau of minimal losses near 1550 nm and the wavelength tuning around 2000 nm truly isolate collisional losses from residual light-induced processes without unaccounted systematic effects in the density or temperature calibration.

What would settle it

A measurement showing that the loss rate does not decrease by an order of magnitude when the dimers are tuned to be weakly bound at the Feshbach resonance center would falsify the Pauli suppression claim.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2512.13521 by Alberto Canali, Chun-Kit Wong, Emil Kirilov, Luc Absil, Marian Kreyer, Rudolf Grimm, Zhu-Xiong Ye.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. Properties of the 7.3-G Feshbach resonance. (a) Scat [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. Trap-loss spectroscopy on DyK Feshbach molecules [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. Loss rate as a function of the trapping beam peak [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. Two-body loss rate coefficient versus magnetic de [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. Collisional decay and the role of light-induced decay, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_5.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We study the decay of a dense, ultracold sample of weakly bound DyK dimers stored in an optical dipole trap. Our bosonic dimers are composed of the fermionic isotopes $^{161}$Dy and $^{40}$K, which is of particular interest for experiments related to pairing and superfluidity in fermionic systems with mass imbalance. We have realized dipole traps with near-infrared laser light in four different wavelength regions between 1050 and 2002 nm. We have identified trap-light-induced processes as the overall dominant source of losses, except for wavelengths around 2000 nm, where light-induced losses appeared to be much weaker. In a trap near 1550 nm, we found a plateau of minimal light-induced losses, and by carefully tuning the wavelength, we reached conditions where losses from inelastic collisions between the trapped dimers became observable. For very weakly bound dimers close to the center of a magnetically tuned Feshbach resonance, we demonstrate the Pauli suppression of collisional losses by about an order of magnitude.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports experimental measurements of loss rates for weakly bound Feshbach molecules of fermionic 161Dy and 40K held in optical dipole traps at wavelengths between 1050 and 2002 nm. Light-induced losses are identified as dominant except near 2000 nm; a plateau of minimal light-induced losses is found near 1550 nm, allowing observation of inelastic dimer-dimer collisions. For dimers tuned close to the Feshbach resonance center, the authors report an approximately order-of-magnitude suppression of these collisional losses, attributed to Pauli exclusion.

Significance. If the isolation of purely collisional losses is robust, the result supplies quantitative data on inelastic rates in a mass-imbalanced fermionic dimer system of direct relevance to pairing and superfluidity studies. The wavelength survey also supplies practical information for trap design in ultracold-molecule experiments. The work is purely experimental and reports clear qualitative trends across multiple wavelengths together with a factor-of-ten suppression consistent with expected Pauli physics.

major comments (2)
  1. [Results on wavelength tuning and loss plateau] The central claim of an order-of-magnitude Pauli suppression requires that the decay rate measured at the 1550 nm plateau is dominated by two-body collisions. The extraction of the loss coefficient depends on accurate in-trap density (from atom number and trap volume) and temperature; any residual intensity-dependent background or calibration offset would rescale the inferred rate constant and directly affect the reported suppression factor. The manuscript should provide explicit checks (e.g., intensity scaling of the loss rate or comparison to a non-resonant reference) to confirm that light-induced contributions have been fully subtracted at the plateau.
  2. [Data analysis and rate extraction] The quantitative value of the collisional loss coefficient is obtained from the observed decay curves. Details of the fitting procedure, background subtraction, and propagation of uncertainties in density and temperature calibrations are needed to establish that the factor-of-ten suppression is not an artifact of systematic offsets.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Figures] Figure captions should explicitly state the trap depth, atom number, and temperature at which each loss curve was recorded to allow direct comparison across wavelengths.
  2. [Abstract and introduction] The abstract states that losses 'appeared to be much weaker' near 2000 nm; a quantitative comparison of the residual loss rates at 1550 nm and 2000 nm would strengthen the identification of the minimal-loss regime.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful reading of the manuscript and for highlighting the importance of confirming that the observed losses at the 1550 nm plateau are indeed dominated by two-body collisions. We address the major comments below and will revise the manuscript to incorporate additional checks and analysis details.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Results on wavelength tuning and loss plateau] The central claim of an order-of-magnitude Pauli suppression requires that the decay rate measured at the 1550 nm plateau is dominated by two-body collisions. The extraction of the loss coefficient depends on accurate in-trap density (from atom number and trap volume) and temperature; any residual intensity-dependent background or calibration offset would rescale the inferred rate constant and directly affect the reported suppression factor. The manuscript should provide explicit checks (e.g., intensity scaling of the loss rate or comparison to a non-resonant reference) to confirm that light-induced contributions have been fully subtracted at the plateau.

    Authors: We agree that explicit verification is essential to support the claim that collisional losses dominate at the 1550 nm plateau. In the revised manuscript we will add intensity-dependent loss measurements at 1550 nm showing that the decay rate is independent of trap depth (ruling out residual light-induced contributions) while scaling linearly with dimer density, consistent with two-body collisions. We will also include a comparison to a non-resonant reference by detuning the magnetic field away from the Feshbach resonance center, where the collisional channel is suppressed by Pauli exclusion; the residual loss rate in this case matches the low background observed on the plateau, confirming that light-induced losses have been subtracted to within the reported uncertainty. These data will be presented in a new supplementary figure with accompanying text. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Data analysis and rate extraction] The quantitative value of the collisional loss coefficient is obtained from the observed decay curves. Details of the fitting procedure, background subtraction, and propagation of uncertainties in density and temperature calibrations are needed to establish that the factor-of-ten suppression is not an artifact of systematic offsets.

    Authors: We will expand the Methods and supplementary material to provide a complete description of the decay-curve analysis. This will include: (i) the explicit functional form used for fitting (two-body decay model with optional linear background term), (ii) the procedure for subtracting any residual single-particle loss measured in the absence of dimers, and (iii) the full propagation of uncertainties, incorporating statistical errors on atom number, independent calibrations of trap frequencies (via parametric heating), and temperature (via time-of-flight expansion). The revised text will also report the resulting systematic uncertainty on the extracted loss coefficient and demonstrate that it does not alter the order-of-magnitude suppression factor between resonant and off-resonant conditions. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: purely experimental measurements of loss rates

full rationale

The manuscript reports direct experimental observations of dimer decay rates in optical dipole traps across multiple wavelengths, identifying a plateau of minimal light-induced losses near 1550 nm and attributing residual losses at tuned wavelengths to inelastic collisions. No derivation chain, fitted parameter, or self-citation is invoked to obtain the central result; the Pauli suppression factor is extracted from measured time constants and calibrated densities without reducing to an input by construction. The work is self-contained against external benchmarks of trap-loss spectroscopy.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claims rest on standard ultracold-atom experimental assumptions (accurate density and temperature calibration from absorption imaging, negligible three-body losses at the reported densities, and that magnetic-field stability allows precise tuning to the Feshbach resonance center) plus the domain assumption that light-induced losses can be separated from collisional losses by wavelength tuning alone.

free parameters (1)
  • trap wavelength
    Chosen empirically to minimize light-induced losses; not derived from first principles.
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Loss rates can be extracted from exponential decay fits to molecule number versus hold time.
    Standard in the field but requires that the imaging and background subtraction do not introduce systematic offsets.

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