Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 4 minor 87 references

Dynamics of antiferromagnetic Dimers in Rydberg Atom Chains

T0 review · 3 major / 4 minor · reviewed 2026-08-03 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read A one-dimensional Rydberg atom chain tuned to the anti-blockade condition conserves the number of antiferromagnetic dimers, so its dynamics splits into independent sectors and maps to an integrable spin chain.

desk verdict Solid exact classification of dimer sectors in the PXQ model, with a careful but partially overstated case for probing it in a real Rydberg chain because of an unquantified parameter trade-off. read the letter →

arxiv 2601.15866 v1 pith:3VWBWWTI submitted 2026-01-22 physics.atom-ph cond-mat.quant-gas

Feng-Yuan Kuang , Lin Li , Weibin Li This is my paper · ORCID
classification physics.atom-phcond-mat.quant-gas
keywords Rydbergatomarraysanti-blockadePXQmodelantiferromagneticdimerskineticconstraintsconservedquantitiesKramers-WannierdualityXXspinchain
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper studies a one-dimensional Rydberg atom chain tuned to the anti-blockade condition, where the laser detuning exactly cancels the nearest-neighbor interaction. It argues that in this regime the chain's dynamics is captured by the PXQ model, a constrained hopping model in which an atom can flip only when its two neighbors are in opposite states. The central result is that the number of antiferromagnetic dimers—adjacent up-down pairs—is a conserved quantity, so the Hilbert space splits into sectors labeled by dimer number and the model maps exactly to the integrable XX spin chain. The paper then shows numerically that the real Rydberg chain approximately inherits this conservation, and identifies two competing sources of error: leakage out of the constrained subspace, which shrinks as interactions grow, and long-range van der Waals tails, which grow with the same knob. The authors conclude that dimer number conservation remains observable despite the trade-off.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the dimer-number operator Ncl = Σ_k Q_k P_{k+1}, together with the PXQ Hamiltonian—a constrained hopping term in which atom j flips only when its neighbors are in the ground and Rydberg states respectively. Ncl commutes with both the full effective Hamiltonian and the PXQ term, so it labels invariant sectors of the Hilbert space. The Kramers-Wannier transformation—a duality that re-encodes adjacent spin pairs as a new two-state basis—then turns the PXQ Hamiltonian into the XX spin chain, which is integrable via fermionization; this mapping explains the regular, nonthermal transport seen in the dimer dynamics.

What would settle it

Prepare an edge single-dimer state |↑↓↓...⟩ in a Rydberg chain and measure the time-averaged dimer number ⟨Ncl⟩ at a sequence of V0 values spanning 5Ω to 20Ω. If ⟨Ncl⟩ does not approach 1 as V0 increases, or if the population difference D(t) from the PXQ prediction fails to show the reported leakage-versus-long-range trade-off, the effective description and its conservation law would be falsified. A more targeted test is to engineer two chains with the same V0 but different long-range tails: if dimer-number conservation is genuinely robust, the tail-suppressed chain should match PXQ dynamics m

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

Under the conditions Δ = V0 and V0 ≫ Ω, the Rydberg chain Hamiltonian reduces to the effective PXQ Hamiltonian plus longer-range interaction terms. The PXQ Hamiltonian conserves the operator Ncl = Σ Q_k P_{k+1}, which counts adjacent antiferromagnetic (up-down) dimers; every allowed three-site move simply shifts a dimer without creating or destroying one. As a result the Hilbert space decomposes into a number—growing linearly with chain length—of sectors labeled by Ncl, each spanned by basis states in which clusters of excited atoms are bounded by down-up and up-down dimers. A Kramers-Wannier transformation maps the PXQ model to the spin-1/2 XX chain, making it integrable and solvable by fre

Load-bearing premise

The argument leans on the simultaneous hierarchy V0 ≫ Ω ≫ VNNN, with the next-nearest-neighbor interaction VNNN = V0/64 for a van der Waals tail; because VNNN grows linearly with V0, increasing V0 to suppress leakage also strengthens the long-range terms, so no single V0 makes both errors negligible and the quantitative agreement with the PXQ model depends on this narrow window.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • In the PXQ limit, dimer number is exactly conserved, so any initial state stays inside its Ncl sector forever; the model is integrable and its transport is free-fermion-like.
  • The Hilbert space decomposes into sectors of fixed dimer number whose dimensions are binomial coefficients C(L+1, 2 Ncl); this is a block decomposition, not the exponential fragmentation familiar from other constrained models.
  • In the full Rydberg chain, stronger nearest-neighbor interactions suppress leakage from the dimer-conserving subspace but amplify next-nearest-neighbor and longer van der Waals couplings; the net population difference from the PXQ model therefore grows with V0.
  • Dimer number conservation survives these deviations in the strong-interaction regime, so Rydberg arrays can be used to probe antiferromagnetic dimer dynamics.
  • Sectors with maximal dimer number are frozen or edge-active: for even chains the dynamics is a single boundary walk, and for odd chains the alternating state is a frozen state.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • A testable extension not pursued in the paper: prepare the alternating state |↑↓↑↓...⟩ in an even chain and verify that the excitation pattern only moves from the active edge rather than thermalizing; a frozen interior is a sharp experimental signature of the sector structure.
  • The competing V0 trade-off implies there is an optimal interaction strength for observing ideal PXQ dynamics; quantifying that optimum from the two error sources would let experiments choose lattice spacing or Rydberg state to minimize total deviation.
  • Because the Kramers-Wannier mapping is exact only in the PXQ limit, the persistence of conservation in the full model suggests an approximate conserved operator might exist for the long-range tail; constructing it could extend the free-fermion description to finite V0.
  • Microwave dressing to reshape the van der Waals tail, mentioned by the authors as a possibility, is the most direct way to separate the two error sources: if the tail is suppressed while keeping V0 large, the dimer-number signal should sharpen toward exact conservation.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 4 minor

Summary. This paper studies a one-dimensional Rydberg chain in the anti-blockade regime Δ=V0≫Ω. Starting from the full Rydberg Hamiltonian, the authors derive an effective PXQ Hamiltonian plus a long-range tail (Appendix A). They show that the dimer-counting operator Ncl commutes with HPXQ and He, giving a block decomposition of Hilbert space; they derive the sector dimension C(2Ncl,L+1), prove a Kramers–Wannier mapping of HPXQ to the XX spin chain (Appendix B), and present exact-diagonalization comparisons of HPXQ, He, and H0 dynamics for single-dimer and maximal-dimer initial states. Deviations are attributed to laser-induced leakage and long-range vdW tails. The paper concludes that dimer dynamics can nevertheless be probed in Rydberg chains.

Significance. The exact sector classification, the dimension formula, and the Kramers–Wannier mapping are internally consistent; summing the sector dimensions gives 2^L, and the numerical work is exact diagonalization with no fitted parameters. The extension beyond the previously studied single-dimer sector to maximal-dimer sectors and frozen states is a useful addition, and the data-availability link is a practical strength. The main weakness is that the step from the idealized PXQ model to a physical Rydberg array is asserted rather than quantitatively certified: no error bound is given for approximate Ncl conservation, and no parameter window is demonstrated in which leakage and long-range distortion are simultaneously small. If this gap is closed, the paper would be a solid contribution to constrained Rydberg dynamics.

major comments (3)
  1. [Sec. IV, final paragraph; Abstract; Sec. V] The statement that Ncl is conserved 'in H0 (He) in the strong interaction regime' is not correct as an exact statement. Because the interaction and detuning terms are diagonal, [Ncl,H0] = [Ncl,(Ω/2)Σ_j σ^x_j] ≠ 0; Ncl is exactly conserved only for HPXQ and He. The numerical data in Figs. 6(a) and 9(a) show ⟨Ncl⟩0 fluctuating with time, not remaining constant. Since the experimental-probe claim depends on this conservation, the authors need a quantitative bound on |⟨Ncl(t)⟩−Ncl(0)| as a function of Ω/V0 and L, or they should revise the claim to 'approximately conserved with controlled error' and demonstrate that the error is small for a specified parameter set.
  2. [Sec. IV, first paragraph; Figs. 6–10] The stated validity condition V0≫Ω≫VNNN, with VNNN=V0/64 for the vdW tail, leaves no clear parameter window under the usual order-of-magnitude reading. More importantly, the two error sources have opposite V0 dependence: leakage from the constrained subspace decreases as V0/Ω increases (Figs. 6(c), 9(c)), while the deviation D(t) from the PXQ/XX dynamics grows with V0 (Figs. 6(d), 8(d), 9(d), 10(b)–(d)). The paper does not specify a fidelity threshold or exhibit a value of V0/Ω for which both δ⟨Ncl⟩ and D(t) are simultaneously small. Since the mapping to the XX model is a property of HPXQ, the central claim that Rydberg chains can probe AF-dimer/XX dynamics is not quantitatively established.
  3. [Sec. IV B and Conclusion] Even when Ncl is conserved, as in He, the long-range diagonal terms in He are not captured by the XX mapping and are shown numerically to alter the population dynamics (Figs. 7, 10). The paper acknowledges this, but the concluding sentence still asserts that nontrivial dynamics such as dimer conservation can be probed. Conservation of Ncl alone does not imply the richer XX/free-fermion dynamics advertised in the abstract; a separate quantitative statement about fidelity to HXX is needed before that conclusion is supported.
minor comments (4)
  1. [Sec. IV B, heading] The heading says 'maximal number [(L+1)/2]+1 of dimers,' but the correct value is [(L+1)/2] (the text itself says ⟨Ncl⟩ approaches 5 for L=10).
  2. [Sec. IV A, Fig. 7] The text says 'Increasing V0 = 10 and V0 = 15,' but the panels shown are V0=5, 10, 20. Please align the description with the figure.
  3. [Sec. III A] The sentence 'The number conservation of the dimer indicates that the PXQ model is integrable' is imprecise: conservation of a single operator is not by itself a proof of integrability. The subsequent Kramers–Wannier mapping to the XX model is the actual argument and should be cited as such.
  4. [Sec. IV, D(t) definition] In the definition of D(t), the notation ⟨Q̂i⟩PXQ is used before being defined; it should be specified explicitly as the expectation value computed with HPXQ.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the central derivation is self-contained and the numerical comparison is parameter-free.

full rationale

The paper's derivation chain does not reduce to its inputs. The effective PXQ Hamiltonian is derived in Appendix A from the full Rydberg Hamiltonian H0 by an explicit unitary transformation, followed by dropping rapidly oscillating terms under V0 = Δ ≫ Ω; no fitted parameter is introduced at this stage. The conservation of the antiferromagnetic dimer number Ncl is established by a direct commutator statement, [Ncl, HPXQ] = 0 and [Ncl, He] = 0, with the long-range diagonal interactions commuting with Ncl. This is a mathematical claim verified within the paper rather than an imported uniqueness or ansatz. The Hilbert-space decomposition and the formula N_L^{cl} = C_{L+1}^{2Ncl} follow from counting configurations and are checked by summing to 2^L. The mapping to the XX spin chain is presented via an explicit Kramers-Wannier transformation derived in Appendix B, and the final equivalence to the standard XX model is referenced to independent external literature ([79,80]), not to the present authors' prior work. The numerics scan only the dimensionless ratio V0/Ω and compare H0, He, and HPXQ directly; no parameters are fitted to the data, so there is no fitted quantity being relabeled as a prediction. Self-citations that appear (Refs. [59], [61], [78], [84]) are used only for general background on antiblockade, Rydberg superatoms, and modulation of interactions, and they are not load-bearing for the central conservation or XX-mapping result. Concerns about the approximate nature of conservation in the full chain, or about the narrow/possibly conflicting parameter window V0 ≫ Ω ≫ VNNN, are correctness/quantitative-error issues rather than circularity: the paper explicitly characterizes leakage and long-range deviations instead of assuming them away. Accordingly, no circular step is identified and the score is 0.

Assumptions & free parameters 2 free parameters · 4 assumptions · 0 invented entities

No fitted parameters or invented entities. The central claims rest on the rotating-wave approximation and the van der Waals interaction model, both standard; the parameter tension between V0≫Ω and Ω≫V0/64 is the key physical assumption.

free parameters (2)
  • V0/Ω (nearest-neighbor interaction in units of Rabi frequency) = 5, 10, 20
    Simulation control parameter scanned to test the validity window of the PXQ approximation; not fitted to data.
  • Δ/V0 (detuning condition) = 1
    Anti-blockade condition Δ=V0 chosen by hand; not fitted.
assumptions (4)
  • domain assumption Rotating-wave approximation: rapidly oscillating terms e^{±i V0 t} are dropped when V0 ≫ Ω
    Appendix A derives He by dropping fast-rotating terms; validity requires V0 ≫ Ω, which the numerics probe but do not assume exactly.
  • domain assumption Van der Waals interaction V_jk = C6/|r_j-r_k|^6 with only the NN term compensating the detuning
    Sec. II. The long-range tail is retained in He but neglected in HPXQ; the quantitative validity of the tail's size is physical input.
  • domain assumption Open boundary with virtual fixed ground-state atoms at sites 0 and L+1
    Sec. III A and Appendix B: needed for the dimer-counting and for the Kramers-Wannier transformation; affects boundary terms in HPXQ.
  • domain assumption Hierarchy V0 ≫ Ω ≫ VNNN with VNNN = V0/64 for the PXQ model to be accurate
    Sec. IV intro. The paper shows this window is narrow: at large V0 the long-range tail breaks the hierarchy.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Dynamics of antiferromagnetic Dimers in Rydberg Atom Chains." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/3VWBWWTI

@misc{pith2026260115866,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Dynamics of antiferromagnetic Dimers in Rydberg Atom Chains},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/3VWBWWTI}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2601.15866}
}
read the original abstract

We investigate the dynamics of antiferromagnetic dimers within a Rydberg atom chain in the regime where laser detuning compensates for nearest-neighbor (NN) interactions. Using an effective PXQ model, we demonstrate that the associated Hilbert space decomposes into disconnected, dimer-conserving subspaces. The classification of these subspaces is provided, and the computational basis states spanning them are identified. Through a combination of analytical mapping and numerical simulations, we compare the dynamics of the PXQ model with those of the full Rydberg atom chain. The deviations are attributed to two factors, laser-induced leakage from the constrained Hilbert subspace and the influence of long-range interactions beyond the NN limit. Our results indicate that subspace leakage can be mitigated by increasing the NN interaction strength. While this simultaneously amplifies the effects of long-range interactions, the conservation of the dimer number remains. Our study opens up possibilities for exploring the dynamics of antiferromagnetic dimers using the Rydberg atom quantum simulator.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2601.15866 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. FIG. 1 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p001_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. FIG. 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (6 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_5.png]
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_6.png]
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_7.png]
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: FIG. 9 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_9.png]
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: FIG. 10 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_10.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

87 extracted references · 1 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    The PXQ model has the couplings |↑↑↓⟩ ↔ |↑↓↓⟩ and |↓↓↑⟩ ↔ |↓↑↑⟩

    If we compute the cumulative product from 1 to k, we obtain the inverse relation, ˆσz k = (−1)k+1 k∏ l=1 ˆµz l. The PXQ model has the couplings |↑↑↓⟩ ↔ |↑↓↓⟩ and |↓↓↑⟩ ↔ |↓↑↑⟩ . These transitions can be described by the ”collective” spin operator ˆσx k . In the basis {|0⟩, |1⟩} these couplings can be expressed by |01⟩ ↔ | 10⟩. This leads to the following ...

  2. [2]

    Through the commutation relations of the Pauli matri- ces, we obtain ˆµy j = −ˆµx 1 j−2∏ l=1 ˆσx l ˆσy j−1 ˆσz j

    and find, ˆµx j = ˆµx 1 j−1∏ l=1 ˆσx l. Through the commutation relations of the Pauli matri- ces, we obtain ˆµy j = −ˆµx 1 j−2∏ l=1 ˆσx l ˆσy j−1 ˆσz j. With that, the inverse Kramers-Wannier transformation is obtained, ˆµx j = ˆµx 1 j−1∏ l=1 ˆσx l, ˆµy j = −ˆµx 1 j−2∏ l=1 ˆσx l ˆσy j−1 ˆσz j, ˆµz j = −ˆσz j ˆσz j−1, ˆµz 1 = ˆσz 1

  3. [3]

    Lesanovsky, Many-body spin interactions and the ground state of a dense rydberg lattice gas, Phys

    I. Lesanovsky, Many-body spin interactions and the ground state of a dense rydberg lattice gas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 025301 (2011)

    2011

  4. [4]

    Bernien, S

    H. Bernien, S. Schwartz, A. Keesling, H. Levine, A. Om- ran, H. Pichler, S. Choi, A. S. Zibrov, M. Endres, M. Greiner, et al. , Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator, Nature 551, 579 (2017)

    2017

  5. [5]

    S. Choi, C. J. Turner, H. Pichler, W. W. Ho, A. A. Michailidis, Z. Papić, M. Serbyn, M. D. Lukin, and D. A. Abanin, Emergent su(2) dynamics and perfect quantum many-body scars, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 220603 (2019)

    2019

  6. [6]

    Khemani, C

    V. Khemani, C. R. Laumann, and A. Chandran, Sig- natures of integrability in the dynamics of rydberg- blockaded chains, Phys. Rev. B 99, 161101 (2019)

    2019

  7. [7]

    C.-J. Lin, A. Chandran, and O. I. Motrunich, Slow ther- malization of exact quantum many-body scar states un- der perturbations, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 033044 (2020)

    2020

  8. [8]

    Karle, M

    V. Karle, M. Serbyn, and A. A. Michailidis, Area-law en- tangled eigenstates from nullspaces of local hamiltonians, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 060602 (2021)

    2021

Show all 87 references
  1. [9]

    F. M. Surace, M. Votto, E. G. Lazo, A. Silva, M. Dal- monte, and G. Giudici, Exact many-body scars and their stability in constrained quantum chains, Phys. Rev. B 103, 104302 (2021)

    2021

  2. [10]

    Verresen, M

    R. Verresen, M. D. Lukin, and A. Vishwanath, Prediction of toric code topological order from rydberg blockade, Phys. Rev. X 11, 031005 (2021)

    2021

  3. [11]

    A. N. Ivanov and O. I. Motrunich, Volume-entangled ex- act scar states in the pxp and related models in any di- mension, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 050403 (2025)

    2025

  4. [12]

    Kerschbaumer, M

    A. Kerschbaumer, M. Ljubotina, M. Serbyn, and J.-Y. Desaules, Quantum many-body scars beyond the pxp model in rydberg simulators, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 160401 (2025)

    2025

  5. [13]

    Corcoran, M

    L. Corcoran, M. de Leeuw, and B. Pozsgay, Integrable models on Rydberg atom chains, SciPost Phys. 18, 139 (2025)

    2025

  6. [14]

    Soto-Garcia and N

    J. Soto-Garcia and N. Chepiga, Numerical investigation of quantum phases and phase transitions in a two-leg lad- der of rydberg atoms, Phys. Rev. Res. 7, 013215 (2025)

    2025

  7. [15]

    Fendley, K

    P. Fendley, K. Sengupta, and S. Sachdev, Competing density-wave orders in a one-dimensional hard-boson model, Phys. Rev. B 69, 075106 (2004)

    2004

  8. [16]

    Lesanovsky and H

    I. Lesanovsky and H. Katsura, Interacting fibonacci anyons in a rydberg gas, Phys. Rev. A 86, 041601 (2012)

    2012

  9. [17]

    Omiya and M

    K. Omiya and M. Müller, Quantum many-body scars in bipartite rydberg arrays originating from hidden projec- tor embedding, Phys. Rev. A 107, 023318 (2023)

    2023

  10. [18]

    C. J. Turner, A. A. Michailidis, D. A. Abanin, M. Serbyn, and Z. Papić, Quantum scarred eigenstates in a rydberg atom chain: Entanglement, breakdown of thermalization, and stability to perturbations, Phys. Rev. B 98, 155134 9 (2018)

    2018

  11. [19]

    C. J. Turner, A. A. Michailidis, D. A. Abanin, M. Serbyn, and Z. Papić, Weak ergodicity breaking from quantum many-body scars, Nature Physics 14, 745 (2018)

    2018

  12. [20]

    J. M. Deutsch, Quantum statistical mechanics in a closed system, Phys. Rev. A 43, 2046 (1991)

  13. [21]

    Srednicki, Chaos and quantum thermalization, Phys

    M. Srednicki, Chaos and quantum thermalization, Phys. Rev. E 50, 888 (1994)

    1994

  14. [22]

    D’Alessio, Y

    L. D’Alessio, Y. Kafri, A. Polkovnikov, and M. Rigol, From quantum chaos and eigenstate thermalization to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, Advances in Physics 65, 239 (2016)

    2016

  15. [23]

    J. M. Deutsch, Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, Re- ports on Progress in Physics 81, 082001 (2018)

    2018

  16. [24]

    W. W. Ho, S. Choi, H. Pichler, and M. D. Lukin, Pe- riodic orbits, entanglement, and quantum many-body scars in constrained models: Matrix product state ap- proach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 040603 (2019)

    2019

  17. [25]

    Iadecola, M

    T. Iadecola, M. Schecter, and S. Xu, Quantum many- body scars from magnon condensation, Phys. Rev. B 100, 184312 (2019)

    2019

  18. [26]

    Lin and O

    C.-J. Lin and O. I. Motrunich, Exact quantum many- body scar states in the rydberg-blockaded atom chain, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 173401 (2019)

    2019

  19. [27]

    A. A. Michailidis, C. J. Turner, Z. Papić, D. A. Abanin, and M. Serbyn, Slow quantum thermalization and many- body revivals from mixed phase space, Phys. Rev. X 10, 011055 (2020)

    2020

  20. [28]

    F. M. Surace, P. P. Mazza, G. Giudici, A. Lerose, A. Gambassi, and M. Dalmonte, Lattice gauge theories and string dynamics in rydberg atom quantum simula- tors, Phys. Rev. X 10, 021041 (2020)

    2020

  21. [29]

    C. J. Turner, J.-Y. Desaules, K. Bull, and Z. Papić, Cor- respondence principle for many-body scars in ultracold rydberg atoms, Phys. Rev. X 11, 021021 (2021)

    2021

  22. [30]

    Rozon, M

    P.-G. Rozon, M. J. Gullans, and K. Agarwal, Construct- ing quantum many-body scar hamiltonians from floquet automata, Phys. Rev. B 106, 184304 (2022)

    2022

  23. [31]

    Szołdra, P

    T. Szołdra, P. Sierant, M. Lewenstein, and J. Zakrzewski, Unsupervised detection of decoupled subspaces: Many- body scars and beyond, Phys. Rev. B 105, 224205 (2022)

    2022

  24. [32]

    Windt and H

    B. Windt and H. Pichler, Squeezing quantum many-body scars, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 090606 (2022)

    2022

  25. [33]

    Giudici, F

    G. Giudici, F. M. Surace, and H. Pichler, Unraveling pxp many-body scars through floquet dynamics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 190404 (2024)

    2024

  26. [34]

    Nandkishore and D

    R. Nandkishore and D. A. Huse, Many-body localiza- tion and thermalization in quantum statistical mechan- ics, Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 6, 15 (2015)

    2015

  27. [35]

    D. A. Abanin, E. Altman, I. Bloch, and M. Serbyn, Col- loquium: Many-body localization, thermalization, and entanglement, Rev. Mod. Phys. 91, 021001 (2019)

    2019

  28. [36]

    A. M. Alhambra, A. Anshu, and H. Wilming, Revivals imply quantum many-body scars, Phys. Rev. B 101, 205107 (2020)

    2020

  29. [37]

    Serbyn, D

    M. Serbyn, D. A. Abanin, and Z. Papić, Quantum many- body scars and weak breaking of ergodicity, Nature Physics 17, 675 (2021)

    2021

  30. [38]

    Mondragon-Shem, M

    I. Mondragon-Shem, M. G. Vavilov, and I. Martin, Fate of quantum many-body scars in the presence of disorder, PRX Quantum 2, 030349 (2021)

    2021

  31. [39]

    Moudgalya, B

    S. Moudgalya, B. A. Bernevig, and N. Regnault, Quan- tum many-body scars and hilbert space fragmentation: a review of exact results, Reports on Progress in Physics 85, 086501 (2022)

    2022

  32. [40]

    Chandran, T

    A. Chandran, T. Iadecola, V. Khemani, and R. Moess- ner, Quantum many-body scars: A quasiparticle perspec- tive, Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 14, 443 (2023)

    2023

  33. [41]

    Wang, Y.-H

    Y.-Y. Wang, Y.-H. Shi, Z.-H. Sun, C.-T. Chen, Z.-A. Wang, K. Zhao, H.-T. Liu, W.-G. Ma, Z. Wang, H. Li, J.-C. Zhang, Y. Liu, C.-L. Deng, T.-M. Li, Y. He, Z.-H. Liu, Z.-Y. Peng, X. Song, G. Xue, H. Yu, K. Huang, Z. Xiang, D. Zheng, K. Xu, and H. Fan, Exploring hilbert-space fra...

    2025

  34. [42]

    G.-X. Su, H. Sun, A. Hudomal, J.-Y. Desaules, Z.-Y. Zhou, B. Yang, J. C. Halimeh, Z.-S. Yuan, Z. Papić, and J.-W. Pan, Observation of many-body scarring in a bose- hubbard quantum simulator, Phys. Rev. Res. 5, 023010 (2023)

    2023

  35. [43]

    Adler, D

    D. Adler, D. Wei, M. Will, K. Srakaew, S. Agrawal, P. Weckesser, R. Moessner, F. Pollmann, I. Bloch, and J. Zeiher, Observation of hilbert space fragmentation and fractonic excitations in 2d, Nature 636, 80 (2024)

    2024

  36. [44]

    Honda, Y

    K. Honda, Y. Takasu, S. Goto, H. Kazuta, M. Kunimi, I. Danshita, and Y. Takahashi, Observation of slow re- laxation due to hilbert space fragmentation in strongly interacting bose-hubbard chains, Science Advances 11, eadv3255 (2025)

    2025

  37. [45]

    Shiraishi and T

    N. Shiraishi and T. Mori, Systematic construction of counterexamples to the eigenstate thermalization hy- pothesis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 030601 (2017)

    2017

  38. [46]

    Iadecola and M

    T. Iadecola and M. Schecter, Quantum many-body scar states with emergent kinetic constraints and finite- entanglement revivals, Phys. Rev. B 101, 024306 (2020)

    2020

  39. [47]

    F. Yang, M. Magoni, and H. Pichler, Constructing quan- tum many-body scars from hilbert space fragmentation (2025)

    2025

  40. [48]

    Khemani, M

    V. Khemani, M. Hermele, and R. Nandkishore, Local- ization from hilbert space shattering: From theory to physical realizations, Phys. Rev. B 101, 174204 (2020)

    2020

  41. [49]

    P. Sala, T. Rakovszky, R. Verresen, M. Knap, and F. Pollmann, Ergodicity breaking arising from hilbert space fragmentation in dipole-conserving hamiltonians, Phys. Rev. X 10, 011047 (2020)

    2020

  42. [50]

    Moudgalya and O

    S. Moudgalya and O. I. Motrunich, Hilbert space frag- mentation and commutant algebras, Phys. Rev. X 12, 011050 (2022)

    2022

  43. [51]

    Magoni, C

    M. Magoni, C. Nill, and I. Lesanovsky, Coherent spin- phonon scattering in facilitated rydberg lattices, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 133401 (2024)

    2024

  44. [52]

    F. Yang, H. Yarloo, H.-C. Zhang, K. Mølmer, and A. E. B. Nielsen, Probing hilbert space fragmentation with strongly interacting rydberg atoms, Phys. Rev. B 111, 144313 (2025)

    2025

  45. [53]

    Ljubotina, J.-Y

    M. Ljubotina, J.-Y. Desaules, M. Serbyn, and Z. Papić, Superdiffusive energy transport in kinetically constrained models, Phys. Rev. X 13, 011033 (2023)

    2023

  46. [54]

    C. Ates, T. Pohl, T. Pattard, and J. M. Rost, Antiblock- ade in rydberg excitation of an ultracold lattice gas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 023002 (2007)

    2007

  47. [55]

    Pohl and P

    T. Pohl and P. R. Berman, Breaking the dipole blockade: Nearly resonant dipole interactions in few-atom systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 013004 (2009)

    2009

  48. [56]

    J. Qian, Y. Qian, M. Ke, X.-L. Feng, C. H. Oh, and Y. Wang, Breakdown of the dipole blockade with a zero- 10 area phase-jump pulse, Phys. Rev. A 80, 053413 (2009)

    2009

  49. [57]

    Amthor, C

    T. Amthor, C. Giese, C. S. Hofmann, and M. Wei- demüller, Evidence of antiblockade in an ultracold ry- dberg gas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 013001 (2010)

    2010

  50. [58]

    S.-L. Su, Y. Gao, E. Liang, and S. Zhang, Fast rydberg antiblockade regime and its applications in quantum logic gates, Phys. Rev. A 95, 022319 (2017)

    2017

  51. [59]

    Y. Zhao, B. Liu, Y. Ji, S. Tang, and X. Shao, Robust gen- eration of entangled state via ground‐state antiblockade of rydberg atoms, Scientific Reports 7, 16489 (2017)

    2017

  52. [60]

    D. Kara, A. Bhowmick, and A. K. Mohapatra, Ryd- berg interaction induced enhanced excitation in thermal atomic vapor, Scientific Reports 8, 5256 (2018)

    2018

  53. [61]

    Su and W

    S.-L. Su and W. Li, Dipole-dipole-interaction–driven an- tiblockade of two rydberg atoms, Phys. Rev. A 104, 033716 (2021)

    2021

  54. [62]

    L. Zhao, M. D. K. Lee, M. M. Aliyu, and H. Loh, Floquet- tailored rydberg interactions, Nature Communications 14, 7128 (2023)

    2023

  55. [63]

    W. Li, C. Ates, and I. Lesanovsky, Nonadiabatic Mo- tional Effects and Dissipative Blockade for Rydberg Atoms Excited from Optical Lattices or Microtraps, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 213005 (2013)

    2013

  56. [64]

    Marcuzzi, J

    M. Marcuzzi, J. Minář, D. Barredo, S. de Léséleuc, H. Labuhn, T. Lahaye, A. Browaeys, E. Levi, and I. Lesanovsky, Facilitation Dynamics and Localization Phenomena in Rydberg Lattice Gases with Position Dis- order, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 063606 (2017)

    2017

  57. [65]

    Liu, Z.-C

    F. Liu, Z.-C. Yang, P. Bienias, T. Iadecola, and A. V. Gorshkov, Localization and Criticality in Antiblockaded Two-Dimensional Rydberg Atom Arrays, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 013603 (2022)

    2022

  58. [66]

    Desaules, A

    J.-Y. Desaules, A. Hudomal, D. Banerjee, A. Sen, Z. Pa- pić, and J. C. Halimeh, Prominent quantum many-body scars in a truncated schwinger model, Phys. Rev. B 107, 205112 (2023)

    2023

  59. [67]

    Bluvstein, S

    D. Bluvstein, S. J. Evered, A. A. Geim, S. H. Li, H. Zhou, T. Manovitz, S. Ebadi, M. Cain, M. Kali- nowski, D. Hangleiter, J. P. Bonilla Ataides, N. Maskara, I. Cong, X. Gao, P. Sales Rodriguez, T. Karolyshyn, G. Semeghini, M. J. Gullans, M. Greiner, V. Vuletić, and M. D. Luki...

    2024

  60. [68]

    N.-C. Chiu, E. C. Trapp, J. Guo, M. H. Abobeih, L. M. Stewart, S. Hollerith, P. L. Stroganov, M. Kalinowski, A. A. Geim, S. J. Evered, S. H. Li, X. Lyu, L. M. Peters, D. Bluvstein, T. T. Wang, M. Greiner, V. Vuletić, and M. D. Lukin, Continuous operation of a coherent 3,000- q...

    2025

  61. [69]

    H. Gao, L. S. Martin, L. B. Hughes, N. T. Leitao, P. Put, H. Zhou, N. U. Koyluoglu, S. A. Meynell, A. C. B. Jayich, H. Park, and M. D. Lukin, Signal amplification in a solid- state sensor through asymmetric many-body echo, Na- ture 646, 68 (2025)

    2025

  62. [70]

    Morettini, L

    G. Morettini, L. Capizzi, M. Fagotti, and L. Mazza, Transport in a system with a tower of quantum many- body scars, Phys. Rev. B 112, 134314 (2025)

    2025

  63. [71]

    J.-L. Ma, Z. Guo, Y. Gao, Z. Papić, and L. Ying, Liou- villian spectral transition in noisy quantum many-body scars, Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 180401 (2025)

    2025

  64. [72]

    Pizzi, L.-H

    A. Pizzi, L.-H. Kwan, B. Evrard, C. B. Dag, and J. Knolle, Genuine quantum scars in many-body spin systems, Nature Communications 16, 6722 (2025)

    2025

  65. [73]

    H. Wang, X. Li, and C. Li, Tricritical kibble-zurek scaling in rydberg atom ladders, Nature Communications 16, 10584 (2025)

    2025

  66. [74]

    L. Zhao, P. R. Datla, W. Tian, M. M. Aliyu, and H. Loh, Observation of quantum thermalization restricted to hilbert space fragments and 𝟋2k scars, Phys. Rev. X 15, 011035 (2025)

    2025

  67. [75]

    Marcuzzi, J

    M. Marcuzzi, J. c. v. Minář, D. Barredo, S. de Léséleuc, H. Labuhn, T. Lahaye, A. Browaeys, E. Levi, and I. Lesanovsky, Facilitation dynamics and localization phenomena in rydberg lattice gases with position disor- der, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 063606 (2017)

    2017

  68. [76]

    Ostmann, M

    M. Ostmann, M. Marcuzzi, J. P. Garrahan, and I. Lesanovsky, Localization in spin chains with facilita- tion constraints and disordered interactions, Phys. Rev. A 99, 060101 (2019)

    2019

  69. [77]

    van Voorden, M

    B. van Voorden, M. Marcuzzi, K. Schoutens, and J. c. v. Minář, Disorder enhanced quantum many-body scars in hilbert hypercubes, Phys. Rev. B 103, L220301 (2021)

    2021

  70. [78]

    Saffman, T

    M. Saffman, T. G. Walker, and K. Mølmer, Quantum information with Rydberg atoms, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2313 (2010)

    2010

  71. [79]

    C. S. Adams, J. D. Pritchard, and J. P. Shaffer, Rydberg atom quantum technologies, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 53, 012002 (2019)

    2019

  72. [80]

    Shao, S.-L

    X.-Q. Shao, S.-L. Su, L. Li, R. Nath, J.-H. Wu, and W. Li, Rydberg superatoms: An artificial quantum sys- tem for quantum information processing and quantum optics, Applied Physics Reviews 11, 031320 (2024)

    2024

  73. [81]

    F. Yang, S. Yang, and L. You, Quantum transport of ryd- berg excitons with synthetic spin-exchange interactions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 063001 (2019)

    2019

  74. [82]

    K. Kim, F. Yang, K. Mølmer, and J. Ahn, Realization of an extremely anisotropic heisenberg magnet in rydberg atom arrays, Phys. Rev. X 14, 011025 (2024)

    2024

  75. [83]

    E. Lieb, T. Schultz, and D. Mattis, Two soluble models of an antiferromagnetic chain, Annals of Physics 16, 407 (1961)

    1961

  76. [84]

    Katsura, Statistical Mechanics of the Anisotropic Lin- ear Heisenberg Model, Phys

    S. Katsura, Statistical Mechanics of the Anisotropic Lin- ear Heisenberg Model, Phys. Rev. 127, 1508 (1962)

    1962

  77. [85]

    Barouch, B

    E. Barouch, B. M. McCoy, and M. Dresden, Statistical Mechanics of the $\mathrm{XY}$ Model. I, Phys. Rev. A 2, 1075 (1970)

    1970

  78. [86]

    Marcuzzi, E

    M. Marcuzzi, E. Levi, W. Li, J. P. Garrahan, B. Olmos, and I. Lesanovsky, Non-equilibrium universality in the dynamics of dissipative cold atomic gases, New J. Phys. 17, 072003 (2015)

    2015

  79. [87]

    Kuang, L

    F.-Y. Kuang, L. Li, and W. Li, Raw and processed simu- lation data for ”dynamics of antiferromagnetic dimers in rydberg atom chains” ., Zenodo 10.5281/zenodo.18315046 (2026)

    2026 doi

Pith tools

Reviewed August 3, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.