Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 28 of 28 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2601.21166.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2601.21166 v2

Coverage vector

measured 28 of 28 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.676768Z

measured 28 of 28 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

28 of 28 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved28
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 9c3ffd8c-3b88-4635-b978-bf98774f5a79 · outbound

This paper cites Intrinsic dimensionality explains the effectiveness of language model fine-tuning.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Intrinsic dimensionality explains the effectiveness of language model fine-tuning

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:57.630172Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fbdb719b-3428-4e1d-b5c7-a4d7305e8b9a · outbound

This paper cites Dueling optimization with a monotone adversary.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Dueling optimization with a monotone adversary

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:57.695562Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3aeaad1b-4460-4ff1-81bf-0ab20d3e813b · outbound

This paper cites Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences.Advances in neural information processing systems, 30, 2017.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences.Advances in neural information processing systems, 30, 2017

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:57.774325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e47ab520-b7a6-47bd-b25a-7e7a4e9ace00 · outbound

This paper cites Stochastic first-and zeroth-order methods for nonconvex stochastic programming.SIAM journal on optimization, 23(4):2341–2368, 2013.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Stochastic first-and zeroth-order methods for nonconvex stochastic programming.SIAM journal on optimization, 23(4):2341–2368, 2013

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:57.874766Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f70b1d62-8b91-4852-a744-523671dd9f24 · outbound

This paper cites Gradientless descent: High-dimensional zeroth-order optimization.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Gradientless descent: High-dimensional zeroth-order optimization

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:57.986738Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2215a8c4-a41f-4730-822e-34c9055982d1 · outbound

This paper cites Direct Language Model Alignment from Online AI Feedback.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Direct Language Model Alignment from Online AI Feedback

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.083080Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7142b751-a8f5-436c-8c1c-eb93eae4b4be · outbound

This paper cites Query complexity of derivative-free optimization.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 25, 2012.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Query complexity of derivative-free optimization.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 25, 2012

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.197013Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e6fa90af-812f-4a2d-b450-88956982a40f · outbound

This paper cites Margin Matching Preference Optimization: Enhanced Model Alignment with Granular Feedback.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Margin Matching Preference Optimization: Enhanced Model Alignment with Granular Feedback

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.335445Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5360cff0-c01d-4d58-b899-19885cb69788 · outbound

This paper cites Kingma and Jimmy Ba.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Kingma and Jimmy Ba

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.452006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5ce0f7eb-0a35-4037-804f-b2735b8bd671 · outbound

This paper cites B-Pref: Benchmarking Preference-Based Reinforcement Learning.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization B-Pref: Benchmarking Preference-Based Reinforcement Learning

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.497511Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 09f65eaa-d310-4caf-97e8-3c1ab4ed03ad · outbound

This paper cites Fine-tuning language models with just forward passes.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:53038–53075, 2023.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Fine-tuning language models with just forward passes.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:53038–53075, 2023

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.593716Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1954e64b-cf8a-4e3b-ab37-82c6f5d2ee12 · outbound

This paper cites Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.626778Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3f91c854-1689-4b08-a4c8-3dbbea6c612f · outbound

This paper cites Dueling convex optimization.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Dueling convex optimization

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.630005Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0e4cb0b4-a48d-4b85-94ae-302e293bb90d · outbound

This paper cites Faster convergence with multiway preferences.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Faster convergence with multiway preferences

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.633063Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 15c57a02-e22e-4500-94d4-0d41043b50b5 · outbound

This paper cites Dueling convex optimization with general preferences.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Dueling convex optimization with general preferences

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.635980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 04e8b6b9-bc9f-420c-8ca4-c8299d40a91c · outbound

This paper cites Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.638691Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 31ab50f8-9b02-4156-9653-22b5bb6901f1 · outbound

This paper cites Zeroth-order optimization meets human feedback: Provable learning via ranking oracles.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Zeroth-order optimization meets human feedback: Provable learning via ranking oracles

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.641959Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0bd0164e-1b94-49c2-a136-424570e11ffc · outbound

This paper cites DeepMind Control Suite.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization DeepMind Control Suite

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.644939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f55198af-3de1-46f8-a403-eefd537d1f76 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.648416Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4640b07c-9732-4788-acc4-1b31dad8561b · outbound

This paper cites dm control: Software and tasks for continuous control.Software Impacts, 6:100022, 2020.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization dm control: Software and tasks for continuous control.Software Impacts, 6:100022, 2020

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.652135Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3ea27a5b-2ec0-4052-9b0e-6d054629c94d · outbound

This paper cites GLUE: A multi-task benchmark and analysis platform for natural language understanding.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization GLUE: A multi-task benchmark and analysis platform for natural language understanding

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.655374Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 97ce5715-f3d6-46e2-8d80-7ec10955f120 · outbound

This paper cites Preference-based optimization from noisy pairwise comparisons.arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.18511, 2025.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Preference-based optimization from noisy pairwise comparisons.arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.18511, 2025

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.658497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b81207c4-df77-456d-b1f4-76714464f5d0 · outbound

This paper cites Explicit and non-asymptotic query complexities of rank-based zeroth-order algorithms on smooth functions.arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.16200, 2025.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Explicit and non-asymptotic query complexities of rank-based zeroth-order algorithms on smooth functions.arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.16200, 2025

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.661424Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e06272e-11cc-414c-9cf1-8a4536f706d1 · outbound

This paper cites Zeroth-order policy gradient for reinforcement learning from human feedback without reward inference.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Zeroth-order policy gradient for reinforcement learning from human feedback without reward inference

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.664447Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a1d10550-ace1-4d52-a00d-1b1e8acbc446 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.667508Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 914a05ad-322c-46d3-ab6d-c02ca37d525a · outbound

This paper cites (2) ⇒ (1).Let x∈R d.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization (2) ⇒ (1).Let x∈R d

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.670526Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation de3f8e73-4daa-4845-96c3-ae4b684aa4e5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.673493Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 70245975-7949-4aff-92b6-1fe50bc02ed5 · outbound

This paper cites prefer y over x.

Noisy Pairwise-Comparison Random Search for Smooth Nonconvex Optimization prefer y over x

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T07:11:58.676768Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.