arxiv: 2603.07956 · v1 · submitted 2026-03-09 · 💻 cs.HC

Recognition: 1 theorem link

· Lean Theorem

From Daily Song to Daily Self: Supporting Reflective Songwriting of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Individuals through Generative Music AI

Youjin Choi , Jinyoung Yoo , Jaeyoung Moon , Yoonjae Kim , Eun Young Lee , Jennifer G. Kim , Jin-Hyuk Hong

Authors on Pith no claims yet

Pith reviewed 2026-05-15 15:30 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 💻 cs.HC

keywords generative AIsongwritingDeaf and Hard-of-Hearingemotional reflectionself-discoveryreflective journalingmusic AIhuman-computer interaction

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The pith

Ongoing songwriting with a generative AI system produces emotional growth in self-insight, emotion regulation, and self-care attitudes for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing users.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper presents SoulNote as a generative AI tool that lets Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing individuals write songs iteratively over multiple sessions, treating songwriting as a form of daily reflective journaling. Design workshops and a multi-session diary study show that repeated engagement helps participants gain clearer views of their own emotions, manage those emotions more effectively, and adopt more constructive daily habits around emotional awareness and self-care. This approach extends beyond one-time creative sessions by sustaining engagement and allowing users new to songwriting to express personal stories through music. A reader would care if the findings hold because they point to a concrete way generative tools can turn creative activity into ongoing self-reflection for a community often excluded from standard music practices.

Core claim

The central claim is that ongoing songwriting with SoulNote facilitated emotional growth across three dimensions: self-insight, emotion regulation, and everyday attitudes toward emotions and self-care. This outcome emerged from a user-centered process that included a design workshop, a preliminary study, and a multi-session diary study in which participants used the system repeatedly to build songs grounded in their personal experiences.

What carries the argument

SoulNote, a generative AI system that supports iterative songwriting by allowing users to refine and extend musical ideas across sessions based on personal input.

If this is right

Songwriting can function as an extended music-based journaling practice that sustains emotional reflection beyond single sessions.
Generative AI expands access to songwriting for users unfamiliar with it, enabling them to convey personal narratives over time.
Creative expression supported by AI can be transformed into a daily practice of self-discovery and reflection for marginalized communities.
Multi-session designs reveal emotional benefits that single-session evaluations miss.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

Similar iterative AI tools could be tested for emotional support in other creative domains such as visual art or poetry for the same user group.
Real-world deployment without study incentives might show different patterns of sustained use or different emotional outcomes.
Incorporating explicit user controls over AI generation parameters could strengthen the observed benefits by reducing frustration with output variation.

Load-bearing premise

The multi-session diary study and participant self-reports isolate the effects of SoulNote from study participation itself, variations in AI output quality, or participants' prior interest in songwriting.

What would settle it

A follow-up study that measures the same emotional growth dimensions in a matched control group using non-AI journaling tools over the same number of sessions would show comparable gains if the claim is incorrect.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2603.07956 by Eun Young Lee, Jaeyoung Moon, Jennifer G. Kim, Jin-Hyuk Hong, Jinyoung Yoo, Yoonjae Kim, Youjin Choi.

**Figure 2.** Figure 2: Interfaces and features of SoulNote. (A) Conversation interface for songwriting with four dialogue phases (highlights indicate CA strategies such as supportive and unembellished response (a), imagery-based questioning (b), and context-based music style recommendation (c)), (B) Interactive lyrics editing interface for modifying CA-generated lyrics, (C) Music appreciation interface with visual assistance, a… view at source ↗

**Figure 3.** Figure 3: Overall process and theory of change in CA-assisted songwriting. The upper layer (A) represents user-side psychological processes associated with interacting with the CA, organized into three dimensions: developing self-insight, experimenting with emotion regulation strategies, and shifts in everyday attitudes and behaviors. To complement these qualitatively derived mechanisms, we also analyzed behavioral … view at source ↗

**Figure 4.** Figure 4: Individual songwriting patterns of DHH participants across 12 sessions. The patterns are categorized into five topics, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_4.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 5.** Figure 5: Questionnaire results of the comparative experiment across four conditions. Values in parentheses indicate standard deviations. Between-condition differences were assessed using a one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc tests for pairwise comparisons (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001) the highest scores across all constructs. As illustrated in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_5.png] view at source ↗

read the original abstract

The rapid advancement of generative AI (GenAI) is expanding access to songwriting, offering a new medium of self-expression for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) individuals. However, emerging technologies that support DHH individuals in expressing themselves through music have largely been evaluated in single-session settings and often fall short in helping users unfamiliar with songwriting convey personal narratives or sustain engagement over time. This paper explores songwriting as an extended, music-based journaling practice that supports sustained emotional reflection over multiple sessions. We introduce SoulNote, a GenAI system enabling DHH to engage in iterative songwriting. Grounded in user-centered design, including a design workshop, a preliminary study, and a multi-session diary study, our findings show that ongoing songwriting with \textit{SoulNote} facilitated emotional growth across three dimensions: self-insight, emotion regulation, and \revised{everyday attitudes toward emotions and self-care}. Overall, this work demonstrates how GenAI can support marginalized communities by transforming creative expression into a daily practice of self-discovery and reflection.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

SoulNote moves GenAI songwriting for DHH users into multi-session use and reports self-reported emotional growth, but the diary study lacks controls to separate tool effects from participation itself.

read the letter

The main takeaway is that this paper introduces SoulNote, a GenAI system for iterative songwriting aimed at DHH individuals, and uses a multi-session diary study to claim gains in self-insight, emotion regulation, and everyday attitudes toward self-care. That longitudinal angle is the clearest step past the single-session evaluations in the cited prior work. They ground the design in a workshop and preliminary study, which shows a solid user-centered process for a group that may not start with songwriting experience. The reported outcomes line up with what reflective creative tools can plausibly deliver over time. The soft spot sits in the diary study itself. The abstract gives no sign of a control condition, independent pre/post measures, or explicit checks for study participation effects versus tool-specific impact. Self-reports from users who already signed up for songwriting sessions can reflect general engagement or interest rather than the AI component, and without details on participant numbers, coding methods, or how they handled AI output variation, the causal link stays thin. This is for HCI researchers focused on accessible creative tools and reflective practices with marginalized groups. A reader building similar longitudinal studies or GenAI interventions would pick up practical design choices and user experience patterns. It deserves a serious referee because the extension to sustained use is timely and the approach is grounded, even if the evaluation section will need tightening on confounds. I would send it to review with requests for clearer methods and any attempts to isolate the tool's role.

Referee Report

1 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript introduces SoulNote, a generative AI system for iterative songwriting targeted at Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) individuals. Grounded in a user-centered process (design workshop, preliminary study, and multi-session diary study), it claims that ongoing use of the system supports emotional growth across three dimensions: self-insight, emotion regulation, and everyday attitudes toward emotions and self-care, positioning songwriting as a sustained reflective practice.

Significance. If the causal claims hold, the work would meaningfully extend HCI and accessible computing by showing how GenAI can convert creative tools into daily self-reflection mechanisms for marginalized users, moving beyond single-session evaluations. It offers a concrete example of music-based journaling that could inform designs for sustained engagement and emotional support.

major comments (1)

[Diary study] Diary study section (as described in abstract and methods): the design includes no control arm, no pre/post standardized emotional measures independent of the tool, and no reported stratification by prior songwriting experience. This leaves the attribution of the three emotional-growth dimensions to SoulNote vulnerable to confounds from study participation effects or pre-existing interest, directly weakening the central claim.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their detailed review and valuable comments. We have carefully considered the concern about the diary study design and provide our response below. We believe the revisions will address the issues raised while preserving the integrity of our exploratory findings.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [Diary study] Diary study section (as described in abstract and methods): the design includes no control arm, no pre/post standardized emotional measures independent of the tool, and no reported stratification by prior songwriting experience. This leaves the attribution of the three emotional-growth dimensions to SoulNote vulnerable to confounds from study participation effects or pre-existing interest, directly weakening the central claim.

Authors: Thank you for highlighting this important methodological consideration. Our diary study was designed as a qualitative, exploratory investigation to understand how DHH users engage with SoulNote over multiple sessions in their daily lives, which is a key contribution given the scarcity of longitudinal studies in this area. We did not include a control arm or standardized measures because the focus was on capturing rich, contextual data on the songwriting process and its perceived impacts through diaries and interviews, rather than testing efficacy in a controlled manner. This choice was informed by the user-centered design process and the need to prioritize accessibility and participant burden for DHH individuals. Nevertheless, we recognize that this leaves room for alternative explanations, such as effects from participating in the study itself or participants' pre-existing motivations. In the revised manuscript, we will add a Limitations section that explicitly addresses these potential confounds, clarifies the qualitative nature of the evidence for the three dimensions, and discusses implications for future controlled studies. We will also ensure that participant demographics, including any information on prior songwriting experience, are fully reported in the Methods section. These revisions will strengthen the paper by providing a more balanced presentation of the results. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity: empirical claims rest on user study data

full rationale

The paper presents findings from a user-centered design process including a workshop, preliminary study, and multi-session diary study. The central claim of emotional growth across three dimensions is attributed directly to qualitative analysis of participant self-reports rather than any mathematical derivation, fitted parameters renamed as predictions, or self-citation chains that reduce the result to its own inputs. No equations, uniqueness theorems, or ansatzes are invoked; the work is self-contained against external benchmarks of empirical HCI reporting.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 1 invented entities

The paper rests on the domain assumption that generative music models can produce usable song material for DHH users and that repeated creative interaction produces measurable emotional change; no free parameters or new physical entities are introduced.

axioms (1)

domain assumption Generative music AI can produce outputs that DHH users find suitable for personal songwriting and reflection
Invoked in the design and evaluation of SoulNote

invented entities (1)

SoulNote no independent evidence
purpose: GenAI system supporting iterative songwriting for DHH users
New system presented in the paper

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5517 in / 1256 out tokens · 32858 ms · 2026-05-15T15:30:04.698803+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Reference graph

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