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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation

As of 6 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 77 of 77 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2603.09046.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2603.09046 v3

Coverage vector

measured 77 of 77 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z

measured 78 of 78 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-02T11:45:33.273144Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-07-02T11:46:54.733385Z

Reference resolution

77 of 77 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy0
  • unresolved77
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 2003e018-0440-4e36-9dfb-6de14747766e · outbound

This paper cites https://www.apple.com/ apple-intelligence/, Sep, 2025.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation https://www.apple.com/ apple-intelligence/, Sep, 2025

Reference 1

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:b45b1fc82098b5aba0c61a14bee0568329a123e0fe3cf66f53d2c097d70b36b1

Observation 53ebb101-aa19-48f1-9283-745f022bf064 · outbound

This paper cites https://www.samsung.com/us/ galaxy-ai/, Sep, 2025.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation https://www.samsung.com/us/ galaxy-ai/, Sep, 2025

Reference 2

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:95ee0000ff05fe51e58bb2b05691cab2da3b9d76d9f48200ea054664e5ee64bf

Observation fee48ea4-bea0-404e-a1c0-a72d38361a47 · outbound

This paper cites https://www.cvedetails.com/ version-list/33/47/1/Linux-Linux-Kernel.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation https://www.cvedetails.com/ version-list/33/47/1/Linux-Linux-Kernel

Reference 3

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:9d4bf26b21158b72cbc49e4eed7e88270d06529b4451d12faaa73f1b77c18e1e

Observation d8bff5a4-d787-4c94-823c-252a844a3f61 · outbound

This paper cites https://www.stackscale.com/blog/ linux-kernel-surpasses-40-million-lines-code/ , Sep, 2025.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation https://www.stackscale.com/blog/ linux-kernel-surpasses-40-million-lines-code/ , Sep, 2025

Reference 4

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:c623a29157ae3d4da9b19795a638c1868b6a65152edefb8b9eb5a49b1d0e0dcd

Observation aeccf4aa-a9c1-4bf5-9efc-d5b03c32a036 · outbound

This paper cites Phi-4 Technical Report.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Phi-4 Technical Report

Reference 5

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:e8feb652f914456b387f08f4d3f3bb84519408139eb68a292c4402f190d212b1

Observation a5875429-d501-4510-b578-1f6c30e70ca8 · outbound

This paper cites stress-ng.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation stress-ng

Reference 6

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:46659226acecee500de09efa7a9843d80eb836739280560881446a44dad6fc34

Observation 7e6ff353-ab33-4239-a140-68e0795459f0 · outbound

This paper cites Trustzone: Integrated hard- ware and software security.ARM white paper, 3(4):18– 24, 2004.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Trustzone: Integrated hard- ware and software security.ARM white paper, 3(4):18– 24, 2004

Reference 7

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:72f91620f78613309a6dfc66263566420c931b112b205ddfb1ba2c6ab2ae054a

Observation eb67d14f-90a4-4e72-b16a-28ea7f25ddd8 · outbound

This paper cites Android virtualiza- tion framework (avf) overview.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Android virtualiza- tion framework (avf) overview

Reference 8

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:a6fe3e60a467ee7e897e606c6a0b29c5bbaf169efb33831eb340759cbe94decd

Observation 3afb1105-271a-42c5-87d4-aa73e6447972 · outbound

This paper cites Memory allocation among processes.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Memory allocation among processes

Reference 9

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:2f49263b2f4b676f20f7f68f1ade4bfa606e67edc2d76a1d94f7223fc42e7ac0

Observation fdb5819d-abb3-4dc1-ba6c-5f94315451a6 · outbound

This paper cites Overview of memory management.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Overview of memory management

Reference 10

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:10bfb65282e7ea8d89d2f5f628b4153088248852bd864b107536c8d597a23e4a

Observation 43b17c1e-7b7b-401d-861b-d22bfef1326f · outbound

This paper cites What is the autogpt platform? https:// agpt.co/docs/platform, 2026.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation What is the autogpt platform? https:// agpt.co/docs/platform, 2026

Reference 11

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:143e21d1742042259c4868d21191c1722c6d4f7e66cfd880ed0bcf6fca21f13a

Observation 5f83e5bc-6b53-4a4e-b78e-bb876be3771f · outbound

This paper cites Skee: A lightweight secure kernel-level execution environment for arm.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Skee: A lightweight secure kernel-level execution environment for arm

Reference 12

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:3bd20bcb36eb5c4cd4d5f8efcaa32408bfe4ef254eb6e2cf1e5b58b8d98a6064

Observation 097cb755-02d8-4202-9336-4c0740529941 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Qwen Technical Report

Reference 13

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:150e96098f37a5a69fc2012ba3b969dd932666990e6b86d06f212dbbf3b8706f

Observation 89b4c9ca-2398-460f-a33b-e4ceaae414da · outbound

This paper cites Sanctuary: Arming trustzone with user-space enclaves.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Sanctuary: Arming trustzone with user-space enclaves

Reference 14

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:34cd2d1f4a261db443a31439609dddc1efb1c69bbaa482bed99faa4dc465aa66

Observation 54dd8e73-cfe0-4a5c-a692-a599bac48e0c · outbound

This paper cites Char- acterizing mobile soc for accelerating heterogeneous llm inference.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Char- acterizing mobile soc for accelerating heterogeneous llm inference

Reference 15

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:431e7154181709748964d5e3989d3adbcb14f168c0503bcbb3859fc6c212fbab

Observation 73f99141-ce66-47c4-b4a4-3066c6764e2e · outbound

This paper cites Hardware-assisted on-demand hypervisor activation for efficient security critical code execution on mobile de- vices.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Hardware-assisted on-demand hypervisor activation for efficient security critical code execution on mobile de- vices

Reference 16

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:485146a1ed686800017190d047c741d7d19a6a3e3945131ba07ad1c6407ddbb0

Observation 02656017-d064-42a4-9927-a09aa7d3b225 · outbound

This paper cites Intel sgx explained.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Intel sgx explained

Reference 17

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:2484a5fc2687288db0e5c2388af423a837a80fc256825b5399cbc00d6e4e3d96

Observation 8dbe84a3-1059-4f57-a393-226e935ac56b · outbound

This paper cites The rising costs of training frontier AI models.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation The rising costs of training frontier AI models

Reference 18

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:d808c1853a4229287b7c63e27b846f07d338565e304ead82dd94199efb13ccf5

Observation b299d233-1d59-4a2b-9483-ceada687c66f · outbound

This paper cites Strongbox: A gpu tee on arm endpoints.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Strongbox: A gpu tee on arm endpoints

Reference 19

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:436b0e1dfb5a3c89ca4af27553f8d69e4b60ec134851d5b13369b6ef5bad4d9a

Observation 5b5eeedf-8653-4ccc-9f14-e3f8ad2c7c9c · outbound

This paper cites The llama 3 herd of models.arXiv e-prints, pages arXiv–2407, 2024.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation The llama 3 herd of models.arXiv e-prints, pages arXiv–2407, 2024

Reference 20

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:57a706737dfe7220df45a96d601b77f0de1fdcb4ff939e9f0aee3ff88326a6a1

Observation 356e6757-b6f9-407d-91cb-60244ed4502b · outbound

This paper cites Serdab: An iot framework for partitioning neural networks computa- tion across multiple enclaves.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Serdab: An iot framework for partitioning neural networks computa- tion across multiple enclaves

Reference 21

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:0d7eaa0c80dfa687a592e309ce258556a48291793326eb277122bd10882b33ce

Observation 5b12bd17-969a-42b5-ac5f-f1ee1aacc625 · outbound

This paper cites Xputee: a high-performance and practical heteroge- neous trusted execution environment for gpus.ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 43(1-2):1–27, 2025.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Xputee: a high-performance and practical heteroge- neous trusted execution environment for gpus.ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 43(1-2):1–27, 2025

Reference 22

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:0699a01c388cb39f9ddf3b9233ae0ea4823b946607989dbccbb1945dc56025f8

Observation c3c5f32d-4fb8-4741-b484-f02bb5079151 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:08e3b7cc2c092f4b1d08dfcbc76be7234c8e92d173438db295be778f233175dc

Observation 19112fb8-ade7-49b3-ba45-7847da4afc73 · outbound

This paper cites On-device small language models with multi- modality, rag, and function calling, 2026.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation On-device small language models with multi- modality, rag, and function calling, 2026

Reference 24

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:8328ae32ec499eaf63db5048cbba3efe8cefed222d99053356833e28b1b7b1ff

Observation 3bdb71bb-20dd-4811-b113-117d9dedbc2f · outbound

This paper cites Privado: Practical and Secure DNN Inference with Enclaves.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Privado: Practical and Secure DNN Inference with Enclaves

Reference 25

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:99375108b2e984cd15fa1a147cc7b16e5d0cce80da9cc42ff70f5eacae76a6ac

Observation 7de47d02-1d7c-45ba-83c3-0a87eddfc8c8 · outbound

This paper cites Trustshadow: Se- cure execution of unmodified applications with arm trustzone.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Trustshadow: Se- cure execution of unmodified applications with arm trustzone

Reference 26

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:4b7338dd074e6fcbf234647b9f9d4d720ca8d4d526543eba4dda78790133132e

Observation 138ab95c-357c-4658-a7ef-e9adee0efa47 · outbound

This paper cites Richard Hipp.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Richard Hipp

Reference 27

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:acf3f24a3a9dd35c857f1def3cb86507121b2f5c27c599148114cbbefae3623a

Observation f0fe1a1a-ec44-4b3e-b7c6-8a37bd717301 · outbound

This paper cites {vTZ}: virtualizing {ARM}{TrustZone}.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation {vTZ}: virtualizing {ARM}{TrustZone}

Reference 28

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:9e18667e4ed479b866760c83438317dbf4615bab393f935eac0c4b39cb02fcec

Observation b79d6a79-be5f-44ba-b122-dc8ee644ba1b · outbound

This paper cites Rossbach, and Emmett Witchel.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Rossbach, and Emmett Witchel

Reference 29

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:a75cc9a29e256c3707077038ac951d99cf8c1ef76cef64044155cc034d2e45d0

Observation 92f08834-cbdc-4239-9d77-194b014eaba2 · outbound

This paper cites Confidential execution of deep learning inference at the untrusted edge with arm trustzone.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Confidential execution of deep learning inference at the untrusted edge with arm trustzone

Reference 30

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:3e3d1c3d5f32c151c78426af95411bb85f032be55a9a8c2e7e8bd8bfc32b7fef

Observation b4d75413-1d46-45bb-aab9-961ca2849488 · outbound

This paper cites SAGE: Software-based attestation for GPU execu- tion.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation SAGE: Software-based attestation for GPU execu- tion

Reference 31

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:6c9497025b112d71cf4e74f2125823ff09cd44e14f182e5ddf34134caf8b0533

Observation 63f9a360-682b-49c5-89a7-8a6f40eebdca · outbound

This paper cites Heterogeneous isolated execution for commodity gpus.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Heterogeneous isolated execution for commodity gpus

Reference 32

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:fc207adb48411000f68380657e3c92a03a0d5507d65ab8f9ab061103e74434e5

Observation d278a4a8-2bf2-4790-ba13-ffd0c94ee9a5 · outbound

This paper cites Smartzone: Runtime sup- port for secure and efficient on-device inference on arm trustzone.IEEE Transactions on Computers, 2025.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Smartzone: Runtime sup- port for secure and efficient on-device inference on arm trustzone.IEEE Transactions on Computers, 2025

Reference 33

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:09956506deb239fd3a61803f8c850f80bc5be62cac032b0189c6c8b5f20a01a9

Observation de189bdf-7b49-496d-8753-7ab89b8483e5 · outbound

This paper cites Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Position: The Most Expensive Part of an LLM should be its Training Data

Reference 34

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:94360de1eac67af5a3f6cdd7fc1b426c3d520c0ea0258563a0970472f3b006f5

Observation 434759f9-c66f-41b7-91f8-3abea9e60ef8 · outbound

This paper cites Gonza- lez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Gonza- lez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica

Reference 35

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:7f63239883d0d249335cef8103fa5aa21da7aa7ca4192375dd47c260bac5e131

Observation ae6e410c-cf4f-4314-8e8e-f508994536bd · outbound

This paper cites Occlumency: Privacy-preserving remote deep-learning inference us- ing sgx.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Occlumency: Privacy-preserving remote deep-learning inference us- ing sgx

Reference 36

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Observation ecd78edc-2baf-490f-b6c7-1e2b149138c1 · outbound

This paper cites Apple Intelligence Foundation Language Models: Tech Report 2025.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Apple Intelligence Foundation Language Models: Tech Report 2025

Reference 37

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Observation f8964e39-145f-47f4-93d8-992f43ec91bb · outbound

This paper cites Translinkguard: safeguard- ing transformer models against model stealing in edge deployment.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Translinkguard: safeguard- ing transformer models against model stealing in edge deployment

Reference 38

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Observation a2cb4934-1e0b-40c0-9493-e88d55b88886 · outbound

This paper cites Adat- tester: Secure online mobile advertisement attestation using trustzone.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Adat- tester: Secure online mobile advertisement attestation using trustzone

Reference 39

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:191eac5090810c63f2a3602d1f0d30c4b2fb5290407f187b6048915a772a002b

Observation e41a74e4-e5c3-4acd-964a-ce5b14cef805 · outbound

This paper cites Build- ing trusted path on untrusted device drivers for mobile devices.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Build- ing trusted path on untrusted device drivers for mobile devices

Reference 40

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Observation 1fe7adc1-bec9-4918-9c4d-a3e21968dbe3 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models on mobile devices: Measurements, analysis, and insights.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Large language models on mobile devices: Measurements, analysis, and insights

Reference 41

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Observation d3a72fdc-6749-47dd-a754-895fef8a670a · outbound

This paper cites Robust safe reinforcement learning under adversarial disturbances.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Robust safe reinforcement learning under adversarial disturbances

Reference 42

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:3a42ef9b97c01565b9e77cb5e2527782a5fd2887cc0647236a0349d0cded9403

Observation cf7078e5-343e-41d9-a288-0e3773015061 · outbound

This paper cites Ferret-UI 2: Mastering Universal User Interface Understanding Across Platforms.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Ferret-UI 2: Mastering Universal User Interface Understanding Across Platforms

Reference 43

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:a4237513fb6851dc94af9593a52938d7c4740b1ca148eb641de5a89ed5cb860f

Observation a8c3ad2b-a48d-4f14-b72d-1fb263aa4659 · outbound

This paper cites OP-TEE: Open Portable Trusted Execution Environment.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation OP-TEE: Open Portable Trusted Execution Environment

Reference 44

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:7e084c39f5b239c399a662fb10b593d7b60723c34937855011b8fa1b94a24862

Observation 22c89871-eeea-4e91-bcdf-b09c7cbe5e5b · outbound

This paper cites Tz-kms: A secure key management service for joint cloud com- puting with arm trustzone.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Tz-kms: A secure key management service for joint cloud com- puting with arm trustzone

Reference 45

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:82c0d824ef4129dbc420f81735237d3d41d72181132ce20e4a462b18bca03e96

Observation 1de91af4-1e98-4dc9-825e-74c889f9cbb7 · outbound

This paper cites Honeycomb: Secure and efficient {GPU} executions via static valida- tion.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Honeycomb: Secure and efficient {GPU} executions via static valida- tion

Reference 46

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:80ae02280559b2a99005c8727914a255733f259209f4ed27c106f413cf3e4610

Observation c56dbd0d-e1ac-40e9-a9dc-5a50fd72c3e3 · outbound

This paper cites Darknetz: towards model privacy at the edge using trusted execution environments.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Darknetz: towards model privacy at the edge using trusted execution environments

Reference 47

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:1f71673525af2fcbc14970f96bc0a05ab3ebc03813509d849c9795c67dba4ebb

Observation 4316691a-b334-4da2-95f5-7e005bdc2e6b · outbound

This paper cites rknn-llm.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation rknn-llm

Reference 48

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:55bcb5d3a12adab2d5440fd91b03ab810b71f7b24f848633243b69253744c4de

Observation ab83ec41-9aca-498c-8cda-5d247838516f · outbound

This paper cites Basics on android ram management, what is(n’t) bloat? https://www.reddit.com/r/ GalaxyS8/comments/6agads/basics_on_android_ ram_management_what_isnt_bloat/, 2026.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Basics on android ram management, what is(n’t) bloat? https://www.reddit.com/r/ GalaxyS8/comments/6agads/basics_on_android_ ram_management_what_isnt_bloat/, 2026

Reference 49

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:837e924a30d8672b9ed6f8d1a3cd783c60014e087e7ef4823ffaf96814688120

Observation a606849f-e850-4fe3-a4dc-e8f1d1efdaeb · outbound

This paper cites The ai workspace that works for you.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation The ai workspace that works for you

Reference 50

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:f5780a9fc4a205383e72abed70faac5ee28d87b373f167cd643e1874bbce9fb8

Observation fab18187-ebac-4788-9b46-9ddebf08e5b4 · outbound

This paper cites Oblivious {Multi-Party} machine learn- ing on trusted processors.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Oblivious {Multi-Party} machine learn- ing on trusted processors

Reference 51

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:feb65a568f68cdcd0e4a2f56b2c1972e1175c49e7b87eb2457b975d363f33a67

Observation 8968a040-7d89-4032-8e13-5a131cdcee22 · outbound

This paper cites Safe and practical gpu computation in trustzone.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Safe and practical gpu computation in trustzone

Reference 52

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:e6d3ca0cce364fc070880c59fef128dc478908fbdf75a9855a6e612f9d40191e

Observation 32f61cf1-00a5-4d7a-9a09-0e18c28f0304 · outbound

This paper cites The ai companion who cares always here to listen and talk.https://replika.ai/, 2026.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation The ai companion who cares always here to listen and talk.https://replika.ai/, 2026

Reference 53

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:bddf32fb839222e9d1fd3f2f50678b3695405406e292c19d061d935a0f7095ad

Observation 1fcc7ef9-2800-4145-a7d5-a83c6d7f9158 · outbound

This paper cites Using arm trustzone to build a trusted lan- guage runtime for mobile applications.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Using arm trustzone to build a trusted lan- guage runtime for mobile applications

Reference 54

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:2303f9dc60c73792508965e3e761bf15436b067216e92b87fe5f5f9067c14c13

Observation 98bcbb58-4294-4f0b-a47d-88087801394a · outbound

This paper cites ennclave: Offline inference with model confidentiality.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation ennclave: Offline inference with model confidentiality

Reference 55

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:c2dbb769205790dea57af3c6bc283df152c2a685852e6f8e07a3ad831584a2d8

Observation 4b054ec7-e587-4fe4-b21f-ae3ed74df84d · outbound

This paper cites In 2022 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 22), pages 723–738, 2022.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation In 2022 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 22), pages 723–738, 2022

Reference 56

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:dde8351cd45e0a6c135f3a099f98737a75d8462f12ffebcaba41b45b6ab07d00

Observation 11419a29-b28e-4738-a21e-bc68f982f08f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Unresolved cited work

Reference 57

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:51ed1582e631880573b1393f4b250b5dcb4f47d2eda3149fd2a13fa0507a6414

Observation 33711f80-6bbe-4538-86b6-4d78ac2fb403 · outbound

This paper cites Trustice: Hardware-assisted isolated comput- ing environments on mobile devices.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Trustice: Hardware-assisted isolated comput- ing environments on mobile devices

Reference 58

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:4597bc142d28b71b47c0aa964c878dd58cb3a38962effc2dd88759007000f4d0

Observation 0ef7123a-4ed2-4608-990d-11170afcf0d7 · outbound

This paper cites Shad- ownet: A secure and efficient on-device model inference system for convolutional neural networks.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Shad- ownet: A secure and efficient on-device model inference system for convolutional neural networks

Reference 59

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:c6d40bec8f8b759f92e7d50b4d78844e71f0ec328fcc91c3855ce0385b07d180

Observation e739fab3-dd28-4278-a78b-b0b6e72aa8f1 · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 3 Technical Report.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Gemma 3 Technical Report

Reference 60

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:6669691be1e045092e215b356279b88dcd335a3bd980cc0114a929ce7a198e54

Observation bc037406-1ef2-4a55-a55d-45dac8d52953 · outbound

This paper cites Graviton: Trusted execution environments on gpus.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Graviton: Trusted execution environments on gpus

Reference 61

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:9943c85db8c57e128848abaaa27fe4c4213887e0cade6f33e00f0af311b95728

Observation c1629e6a-1abd-4494-af32-30c8404fc63f · outbound

This paper cites Tz-llm: Protecting on- device large language models with arm trustzone.arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.13717, 2025.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Tz-llm: Protecting on- device large language models with arm trustzone.arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.13717, 2025

Reference 62

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:0d9f87164a7ad48ad0da3b8d139291eb9fac58284e9ecf896f42f9795af38648

Observation 5ba6a9bf-754b-40ec-b3e1-2a3972446251 · outbound

This paper cites Building gpu tees using cpu secure enclaves with gevi- sor.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Building gpu tees using cpu secure enclaves with gevi- sor

Reference 63

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:707a2a214b74b83add7ab94f824633e8003ab6c41e67000268ea00565dae0c82

Observation 30a59a56-2808-4e48-a3b7-945627d433c3 · outbound

This paper cites Colony: A privi- leged trusted execution environment with extensibility.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Colony: A privi- leged trusted execution environment with extensibility

Reference 64

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:f50db1084329918e1c685b4e32f997614baa78de2b9fb632023025ad3c414948

Observation dbfa0f30-5f7d-47e7-97ea-f2a0d7e4679a · outbound

This paper cites Aegisdnn: Dependable and timely execution of dnn tasks with sgx.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Aegisdnn: Dependable and timely execution of dnn tasks with sgx

Reference 65

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:8fcb33305a6ee1c1a098711e14dfb6680ca0f8b250c62388dc216fdf99bc9d56

Observation 0abcec66-ef6d-4679-a382-a307a309be01 · outbound

This paper cites Lawformer: A pre-trained language model for chinese legal long documents.AI Open, 2:79– 84, 2021.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Lawformer: A pre-trained language model for chinese legal long documents.AI Open, 2:79– 84, 2021

Reference 66

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:7b123db01c9c1589597654224e59f0f3791e761a23f299e34c295151adb802d3

Observation 995606a1-c0d0-4361-8625-44de8978c9f4 · outbound

This paper cites PIXIU: A Large Language Model, Instruction Data and Evaluation Benchmark for Finance.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation PIXIU: A Large Language Model, Instruction Data and Evaluation Benchmark for Finance

Reference 67

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:770b0ef7acbae10c650ccfac26857ea3d9edf7ad8f7369ae58914cf55fcee840

Observation ecd917d8-aa79-4fbc-b3c4-d03f01274ada · outbound

This paper cites On-Device Language Models: A Comprehensive Review.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation On-Device Language Models: A Comprehensive Review

Reference 68

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:802bbc56077d83a69519307dc776b5eeaa3ca2f7846b0be02f2f7c01592c18b9

Observation 20edfe89-f603-435d-8a40-4d036a413b91 · outbound

This paper cites Ui-ug: A unified mllm for ui understanding and generation.arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.24361, 2025.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Ui-ug: A unified mllm for ui understanding and generation.arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.24361, 2025

Reference 69

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:ffd0cd99b3edb86c02e9dcbd50b057d045d6afa77218388d2382b6ee4cb40cd3

Observation 34c9d750-b5d7-441b-8039-67d7eb01bc8e · outbound

This paper cites Penetralium: Privacy- preserving and memory-efficient neural network infer- ence at the edge.Future Generation Computer Systems, 156:30–41, 2024.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Penetralium: Privacy- preserving and memory-efficient neural network infer- ence at the edge.Future Generation Computer Systems, 156:30–41, 2024

Reference 70

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:98677e36f65ff4fddef5750a8c31c406c43e5ee183b5295069509dc2cfc545f7

Observation ba3e7ba4-0fea-47ef-83f3-7ff653b26bd0 · outbound

This paper cites rknn-llm.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation rknn-llm

Reference 71

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:83b0f072dcdc480b0a988407bbb58fb3f4115569fdf8dcebc280c21863a64a81

Observation 011c7ee5-9169-40df-9654-30d6ae795434 · outbound

This paper cites rknpu-driver.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation rknpu-driver

Reference 72

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:d68d0de41256c3154ba43dd3b8270577d27a577a69841b9a12628d6e960b73cc

Observation e2a3327c-88c3-4f44-aba2-1addc0a16543 · outbound

This paper cites Babyagi.https://babyagi.org/, 2026.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Babyagi.https://babyagi.org/, 2026

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:6da31d33b95a2bab2d02a0ed4b4bff2c55fc38a0d06421bc37fbe04fd43715c5

Observation 2209943b-0cde-4836-9856-669e5cc5fe5d · outbound

This paper cites Ferret-ui: Grounded mobile ui understand- ing with multimodal llms.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Ferret-ui: Grounded mobile ui understand- ing with multimodal llms

Reference 74

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:120b36e74b9bbf7ece115a0071e8bf9b7387aa258ada4a6910d9460e74ab8f9d

Observation a2e505c7-c3ca-4590-a9ce-b8f424864834 · outbound

This paper cites MobiAgent: A Systematic Framework for Customizable Mobile Agents.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation MobiAgent: A Systematic Framework for Customizable Mobile Agents

Reference 75

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:4345b22d83426573b2f282fbe05344552c566eb24978e0f34dd68fda80cbd77c

Observation a7e7cc77-4293-4bf6-8c33-8ff2e4d95a35 · outbound

This paper cites You only look at screens: Multimodal chain-of-action agents.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation You only look at screens: Multimodal chain-of-action agents

Reference 76

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:c2d7d87961ecc02775270595d2cd9e22d639095dbb70fc9f1da2ac8ec5c44492

Observation 7314811c-aa88-4beb-ae23-e0be863ade62 · outbound

This paper cites Enabling rack-scale confidential computing using heterogeneous trusted execution environment.

FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation Enabling rack-scale confidential computing using heterogeneous trusted execution environment

Reference 77

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-15T12:17:47.123519Z digest=sha256:e7c9ca77de2e2286bb8c5bc09856cefc9a9e4b41c739164a8053f2f9eff637ca

Pith citing papers

Observation 24ae92dc-f483-42e7-b833-653c679c6927 · inbound

SoK: Attack and Defense Landscape of Mobile On-device AI Systems cites this paper.

SoK: Attack and Defense Landscape of Mobile On-device AI Systems FlexServe: A Fast and Secure LLM Serving System for Mobile Devices with Flexible Resource Isolation

Reference 59

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-02T11:46:54.734607Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-05T06:32:48.257954+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-07-02T11:45:33.273144Z digest=sha256:4b5569cee007fb44bad5d6203f5624b1576438cb85841d02bbfc03937c588e7a