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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models

As of 2 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 19 of 19 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2604.02485.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2604.02485 v1

Coverage vector

measured 19 of 19 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z

measured 20 of 20 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-31T02:42:29.751299Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

19 of 19 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy6
  • unresolved11
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier1
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation a975cf72-1579-4813-a579-2c33f2103769 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.801333Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:d2559e9ca16d297642054dabdf66fd74708be1c0d25021c83061418709715c31

Observation 59cde2e5-2010-499a-9482-788ba0aac1fb · outbound

This paper cites c is prime.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models c is prime

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.799962Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:3d177e7356c8d5962784a7d9337bd3a9f07145eff6807ea66222f5bdf947cbd8

Observation dcbeb4eb-6c07-43cd-9fc4-12e3ad49924a · outbound

This paper cites all numbers above (or below) 50.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models all numbers above (or below) 50

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.807379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:a8515b05733c0112611b22a8717c5dbacbceb56bd8505709b2c11b139cd02d7a

Observation 7fbca778-b1dc-4bf5-b4a6-a5df8f148e14 · outbound

This paper cites DAX:”, “DAX is.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models DAX:”, “DAX is

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.805669Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:00b313bd36bcc7db9f0b9adcee580b07da6d5eeafeb33f96e6ea3e043ec18bba

Observation 911bc7be-6382-4aa8-89ba-dee7d77c9363 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.804234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:3aadeb674648f70c16c658a24578f279b99fd8e144ce157d25e00ed47680e43a

Observation 472fe48f-b937-4a27-8e35-e20e75f7f3d8 · outbound

This paper cites {announced rule}.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models {announced rule}

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.795503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:4504ec5b5a9559eb08c48931e8f4e57d7376a2e925f10153f8284e4023d137e6

Observation b5fff524-b929-4d6a-936c-a972d4837f65 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.798528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:8a454a7919503337a61ac3d42c06bda519fc5ebb8785dfb20ed05ca5d3596d45

Observation 46e26e7e-0e10-4fa9-a50c-9f5984c1f8d0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.789069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:13de87b1dc94845557ff34938bc94ad38b74e4fc10a9d86ea1ea136f4c5069de

Observation cc4ddf91-4f1b-49e4-aee9-f87a9784199c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.787518Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:5e76c901abd074132e9e8a6067f712ba35b6f4595de602c95ebace2e25864469

Observation 6a9dd4e9-8fee-48ab-8155-28b01d4f827a · outbound

This paper cites prime”, “square.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models prime”, “square

Reference 10

Resolution
malformed identifier
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.792437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:25225bd601e6ea1b062f6b9aa18cf600ba83982bbf72d4a5b6513daae59e4955

Observation f27c44ed-df91-4625-943d-a13dbc4dec8c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.793917Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:b4cea5d9a26f12d5353e69c1b2451c5e8945dc8ffe60c438ea199b9d9b8c53f6

Observation 72776b02-260d-4a1a-99b0-dd482621cf80 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.797057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:e63585680c9580a525d4571e86fcc409e971956ffca1800223a2821acc3a38c2

Observation 4c928382-1565-48f8-9738-217233166886 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.802806Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:a37d9642612dd79ae797a0440d595a970ac9a069e65054b233723341ea54739f

Observation a5f2ebac-64e4-425d-b094-482f6c169e28 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.790874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:213c4f1a4e921a29fc28bed2123b4c26c836db58b7d0ba990bcf8c42827ef3c6

Observation 6fc05404-784d-4f95-8df2-3e1d4760fa64 · outbound

This paper cites object N.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models object N

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.813482Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:bee0bac4a364d1725da083b3b0e5a8fc1cf7cba29e260f860a105188b6217093

Observation a1ef3864-4d87-48d6-9b9d-306f584691d1 · outbound

This paper cites - The agent may say ”relevant objects are ...” OR directly name the correct objects; both are acceptable.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models - The agent may say ”relevant objects are ...” OR directly name the correct objects; both are acceptable

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.808964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:3179eb2c282dd5a454b2628df2f69c0936ec60792960e5730bdfb6696eb4df93

Observation 64c6a326-c89b-48c1-969d-69b2bf2e5357 · outbound

This paper cites object i.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models object i

Reference 17

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.391628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:1854fc872d821ede1589f01b2f6ded97f05fa13c621aa846db1f03e2902ce0e4

Observation 9e7e8e94-dee5-4056-94d8-14360570ab19 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.810504Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:e37633d25ebebaea414ce0d6ff112ca8f92c224c73c322bce50f3389acc1f82b

Observation ee70408b-ff6b-4c86-872e-11301a871844 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-13T21:33:18.811942Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-02T06:30:47.504484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-13T21:31:36.635783Z digest=sha256:dd056e144e43f8bbb1892a5fb63e8214818f406bec6b18e08cd213fbc51a7aab

Pith citing papers

Observation 87975114-e67b-4e7b-af79-18fb81227fc6 · inbound

CogEEGAgent: Toward Autonomous Cognitive EEG Analysis with Grounded Execution and Selection-Aware Verification cites this paper.

CogEEGAgent: Toward Autonomous Cognitive EEG Analysis with Grounded Execution and Selection-Aware Verification Failing to Falsify: Evaluating and Mitigating Confirmation Bias in Language Models

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-07-31T02:42:29.751299Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-07-31T02:42:29.751299Z digest=sha256:c32414d46e65fdc2c3c267c9798773fff84160714fec24f3ac67631433815c07