Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 17 of 17 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2604.05090.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2604.05090 v2

Coverage vector

measured 17 of 17 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-10T19:02:50.250162Z

measured 17 of 17 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

17 of 17 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy8
unresolved4
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch2

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 9d4032af-feb7-40b7-a561-cddc90cb6a99 · outbound

This paper cites Sparse autoencoders can capture language-specific concepts across diverse languages.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure Sparse autoencoders can capture language-specific concepts across diverse languages

Reference 1

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T23:35:49.545344Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation c9e6e642-919a-44ce-a767-34c11fffa729 · outbound

This paper cites InProceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 4623–4637, Online.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure InProceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 4623–4637, Online

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-16T09:22:40.749254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 63c0be45-0264-4844-a2dd-3d7306a66bf7 · outbound

This paper cites Albert Costa and Núria Sebastián-Gallés.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure Albert Costa and Núria Sebastián-Gallés

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-16T09:22:40.754124Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation f518f272-d115-4356-a682-5b2f12925418 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 4

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-10T23:35:49.518657Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 3a2d9e28-8f7f-46b4-8396-642666c67531 · outbound

This paper cites InFindings of the Associ- ation for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020, pages 1663–1674, Online.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure InFindings of the Associ- ation for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020, pages 1663–1674, Online

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-16T09:22:40.751367Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation d4aafa3e-419b-475a-b1ee-173cfc5a1823 · outbound

This paper cites How Language-Neutral is Multilingual BERT?.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure How Language-Neutral is Multilingual BERT?

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T23:35:49.561989Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 7ba88fde-b193-4a39-b833-cb4cdd63b5f7 · outbound

This paper cites Samuel Marks, Can Rager, Eric J Michaud, Yonatan Be- linkov, David Bau, and Aaron Mueller.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure Samuel Marks, Can Rager, Eric J Michaud, Yonatan Be- linkov, David Bau, and Aaron Mueller

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-16T09:22:40.739118Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 696ef72c-27f5-49c4-8d11-44eb086cf069 · outbound

This paper cites Telmo Pires, Eva Schlinger, and Dan Garrette.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure Telmo Pires, Eva Schlinger, and Dan Garrette

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-16T09:22:40.744124Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 208f01c9-9eed-4245-814a-f10464437621 · outbound

This paper cites Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-10T23:35:49.579193Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 47397304-4ec8-4111-a1df-e8847c6d5743 · outbound

This paper cites In Socially Responsible Language Modelling Research.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure In Socially Responsible Language Modelling Research

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-16T09:22:40.726497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 5f016321-a4c1-40ba-8171-4989463f5b0f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-16T09:22:40.736710Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 29e3a545-4a05-4e7a-a9fc-21d6923c7f1a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-16T09:22:40.729131Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation b33f3799-6308-42ae-b804-fb643286f830 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-16T09:22:40.746376Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 7c4f6305-81ab-4b88-abda-22b192ab58d9 · outbound

This paper cites As detailed in our scaling analysis, we validate our findings on Llama-3-8B and Gemma-2-9B.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure As detailed in our scaling analysis, we validate our findings on Llama-3-8B and Gemma-2-9B

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-16T09:22:40.731900Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 9efceaf2-69c2-4c4a-8174-a388c1853ff0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-16T09:22:40.734476Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 636a6277-5404-469d-bc21-e7e3fb7210a2 · outbound

This paper cites An- alyzing both allows us to separate functional relevance from interpretability and avoid over- attributing abstract meaning to sparse features alone.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure An- alyzing both allows us to separate functional relevance from interpretability and avoid over- attributing abstract meaning to sparse features alone

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-16T09:22:40.741627Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 188bc33d-728e-4b59-bd0e-58f853103645 · outbound

This paper cites यह एक बहुत ही простой , सस्ती , और ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﺑﺖ कार है.

Multilingual Language Models Encode Script Over Linguistic Structure यह एक बहुत ही простой , सस्ती , और ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﺑﺖ कार है

Reference 17

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-16T09:22:40.723932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.