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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem

As of 6 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 102 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2604.06759.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2604.06759 v1

Coverage vector

measured 100 of 102 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z

measured 102 of 102 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-14T22:15:37.967533Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-05-14T22:18:04.563410Z

Reference resolution

100 of 102 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact7
  • verified fuzzy89
  • unresolved3
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 02be1b46-b0e5-4c08-b9e2-529917857051 · outbound

This paper cites Public Law 63–203, 38 Stat.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Public Law 63–203, 38 Stat

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.420289Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:fd6b8935b4db444bb28a9057e868a78a35d3d4dcc787e8ca006de90152338b71

Observation af98ed31-55a8-49ae-abb6-1f910cdb4096 · outbound

This paper cites §§ 41-58.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem §§ 41-58

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.405484Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:516e5f4fcf4dc96ab23f29f0954127f384b09fd9826139174b0b61e4df3ab64d

Observation 843d8b76-9c99-475f-8fbe-1ee83fd6cb1a · outbound

This paper cites Technical report, U.S.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Technical report, U.S

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.408095Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:07fe77316a973c9b4397a27b1519531e5011bf40099339012c711f0332256d24

Observation d05ac26c-d4fc-475e-857e-4a53b14d1ddd · outbound

This paper cites Technical report, U.S.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Technical report, U.S

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.381982Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:cf2ab5f41fcec7596c26cf8a318cf2d730d03dd18c5b9c33d80b60784d584172

Observation 8797faf4-eebc-4e2c-86b4-a8817a62c234 · outbound

This paper cites https://leginfo.legislature.ca.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem https://leginfo.legislature.ca

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.410493Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:206ceff7fd2d6c4b1e186f05f33bc78ee853f8c8954cd4ada3314eb6cb3bfeb2

Observation 6282a784-7b65-4e75-be23-8622d5dbe277 · outbound

This paper cites No bound- aries: data exfiltration by third parties embedded on web pages.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem No bound- aries: data exfiltration by third parties embedded on web pages

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.388256Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:5d3c19f488f42ed104f6d2a1edfab28a99d18a33737376c77a9dd566b9a960c6

Observation e58c08f5-2aa9-4c58-9691-34072038e5f5 · outbound

This paper cites Leadconduit’s ping post.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Leadconduit’s ping post

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.413293Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:1ee8dd7b4fea8f7817483215c0db730bfadff9b142acbdcb5a239732a5f41188

Observation 621e38b1-6dbe-4bdf-baaf-493e11c09633 · outbound

This paper cites Discover leadconduit & automate your lead flows.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Discover leadconduit & automate your lead flows

Reference 8

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.394399Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:6811570132c7a6670fca67363a0a3b3c3acbc07b6f513317b9dd9049edc836fc

Observation c0dc9bed-9c19-478f-84cc-33beb6964139 · outbound

This paper cites How does Ping-post work in lead generation? Ac- tiveProspect Glossary.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem How does Ping-post work in lead generation? Ac- tiveProspect Glossary

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.402759Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:1244e306e59cfcccd333e62364dc0980c54404e7bbaf75ead8e5e60aa956b4de

Observation 44325fd8-d6b1-48aa-8c4e-26f2c1db9228 · outbound

This paper cites J ¨ager: Automated telephone call traceback.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem J ¨ager: Automated telephone call traceback

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.375634Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:2f39842ad0987f8456b1a65eab024edd25f96d21f30e6db2edda5eeeff4f4d50

Observation 2f2183fc-7fe4-4a6b-a365-f0051ea2e3a8 · outbound

This paper cites Advances in lead generation and mar- keting efficiency through predictive campaign analytics.IJMRGE, 3(1):1143–1154.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Advances in lead generation and mar- keting efficiency through predictive campaign analytics.IJMRGE, 3(1):1143–1154

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.417078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:51841d58863aab0ce3ce36838c988fb2558638f5fe4045392b4bf1161b057da0

Observation 10aa4342-23eb-4bb7-98b0-2dd4da4bede0 · outbound

This paper cites Machine learning techniques for spam detection in email and iot platforms: analysis and research challenges.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Machine learning techniques for spam detection in email and iot platforms: analysis and research challenges

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.378999Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:6a285eb2fa41a0ffee2353ef72fc67649f1ee04607f53af84d01178ee27a6b11

Observation e06d166f-0b3b-4fb1-89dc-07d49fa4fed7 · outbound

This paper cites 10 top states where health insurers dominate: New study.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem 10 top states where health insurers dominate: New study

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.397082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:5d44f99ca1bc7f603313c65386632d0904aa41e56a735ea40b2f314ec7218265

Observation a7930a0b-4704-4b10-b6a0-e3075cdabe24 · outbound

This paper cites Educational data brokers: Using the walkthrough method to identify data brokering by edtech platforms.Learning, Media and Technology, 49(2):320–333.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Educational data brokers: Using the walkthrough method to identify data brokering by edtech platforms.Learning, Media and Technology, 49(2):320–333

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.385079Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:387c73f9281c42c6eb3c037c4541dd6e53afe433d210f704e1aa4b07591f2651

Observation 0446dbaf-f9dc-4255-93dd-110dea1c8735 · outbound

This paper cites How to verify leads: A guide for lead buyers.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem How to verify leads: A guide for lead buyers

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.371921Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:5bf16ce8ecf02c4501aab5a7362de0787634d97f654cfde7588f857d05f33ceb

Observation 9079f959-8c5a-47d2-87ff-b7ec830cb003 · outbound

This paper cites Modern lead generation in internet marketing for the development of enter- prise potential.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Modern lead generation in internet marketing for the development of enter- prise potential

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.391326Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:8867b423a8eb2c3be02a1441371de42599b54ed6b8422de0bbe428abb022ca4a

Observation 422cfcb0-ed42-49c2-b74f-07448cdb7e17 · outbound

This paper cites Using thematic analysis in psychology.Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2):77–101.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Using thematic analysis in psychology.Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2):77–101

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.399785Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:9848aadc01a3d0a773a95e1e2f2634943c75c75f2d570034dce010272acbd40d

Observation 5ab2dbda-8ea4-4a49-af8e-560cee272eb4 · outbound

This paper cites A survey on web tracking: Mechanisms, implications, and defenses.Proceedings of the IEEE, 105(8):1476–1510.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem A survey on web tracking: Mechanisms, implications, and defenses.Proceedings of the IEEE, 105(8):1476–1510

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.146985Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:09d400efcc1920b54ee47aa8a7f6b810b86bd252990ab144ada5af47cf0d8237

Observation 0b436246-63d9-48ac-abe8-06b78b52324d · outbound

This paper cites 9 trends driving historic aca enrollment growth.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem 9 trends driving historic aca enrollment growth

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.244140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:15ba6469edf1c752a8afb48ff92a1775645edcd72a3d2a17096cc5b63f82f37b

Observation 2a03013e-c580-4eae-8e26-4eb94a96ff9f · outbound

This paper cites Reflexive thematic analysis for applied qualitative health research.The Qualitative Report, 26(6):2011–2028.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Reflexive thematic analysis for applied qualitative health research.The Qualitative Report, 26(6):2011–2028

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.207575Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:3fb91b5b49643e569dea343a4193cac2ad86a83726d94fbe1326d3adbaf3fe51

Observation 2616bfb1-d9eb-4d17-8d8a-a82e9cb8accf · outbound

This paper cites Optimizing insurance sales through automated lead management.NAJER, 4(4).

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Optimizing insurance sales through automated lead management.NAJER, 4(4)

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.291121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:9d5275e86db9b1cecd0142b966e6d52df7525154262dd95ad521fc2490a360e6

Observation 45c2f7ea-9205-45d3-8ec4-c32558156e62 · outbound

This paper cites You shall not register! detecting privacy leaks across registration forms.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem You shall not register! detecting privacy leaks across registration forms

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.233325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:8f36c51986a8eb514c203d246a193aba53e8edc2cd209bf027d1640e396e5370

Observation 9f21cbc3-863d-45cf-8a1c-2099e18d79d5 · outbound

This paper cites Lead generation m&a fall 2024.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Lead generation m&a fall 2024

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.171207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:7759150c4ae9d530b6c340cb4c98b0b0711d3d578f380280b965125e1e918bf0

Observation f4ca2ee7-f579-42f5-8ffe-33d755caff7a · outbound

This paper cites Rules and regulations imple- menting the telephone consumer protection act of 1991 (tcpa).

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Rules and regulations imple- menting the telephone consumer protection act of 1991 (tcpa)

Reference 24

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.338734Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:c78204681763b452ec4a2450abb493b2d121cfe30003665f152d627d5e92e233

Observation b597c25d-ebaf-4204-aea8-88f200a8328e · outbound

This paper cites Strengthening the abil- ity of consumers to stop robocalls.Federal Register, 89(2024- 04587):15756–15763.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Strengthening the abil- ity of consumers to stop robocalls.Federal Register, 89(2024- 04587):15756–15763

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.302816Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:3a5d43ca9593ea48c5268e065324d6c9c08b53e7e4339f1a83f4540473ba7038

Observation df886487-3d3a-47f9-bbb8-8f0248cc6195 · outbound

This paper cites Lead generation: When the “product” is personal data.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Lead generation: When the “product” is personal data

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.225611Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:345ef3c063bfe3edd54cb23be9672795c45d969912485438b700470296dd99af

Observation 0484cbeb-e219-44b5-b13d-81d87c9edd25 · outbound

This paper cites California-based lead generator agrees to settlement banning it from making or assisting others in making telemarketing calls, including robocalls.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem California-based lead generator agrees to settlement banning it from making or assisting others in making telemarketing calls, including robocalls

Reference 27

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.158824Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:9a57e6c1ef6492c94a70cb258d7f817f9179d378bcc3f6b97715c5dfb7b23b0e

Observation 2a80e012-d964-4ec3-ab01-07941df1b70b · outbound

This paper cites The limits of transparency: Data brokers and com- modification.New media & society, 20(1):88–104.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem The limits of transparency: Data brokers and com- modification.New media & society, 20(1):88–104

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.229491Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:c5c04a9b112132e908ddb1117f456230b93e903e06d08c6a8d9f743335677d53

Observation 29d9ae1d-4453-420e-b14c-b5fcaed475a2 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding Privacy Norms through Web Forms.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Understanding Privacy Norms through Web Forms

Reference 29

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T06:10:59.667384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:a3fd19c7cfd0440e334c00c98ae7369b7c0baea35d8b22a5ffda7a4346ee8e53

Observation 2d852fa2-4ae2-44df-9f5f-f7de249ac5c8 · outbound

This paper cites Reproducibility and replicability of web measurement studies.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Reproducibility and replicability of web measurement studies

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.256840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:586a0a46751673698569e268ad8713f01356c4b6c81a3e8a382dd8dc393fd24d

Observation ce1a014b-c596-4daa-a930-ae6d300e673b · outbound

This paper cites A study on the opportunities and challenges of digital insurance marketing.Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 12(7).

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem A study on the opportunities and challenges of digital insurance marketing.Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 12(7)

Reference 31

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.162305Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:88687f2bef66f5aec737a1a3f124718de676e3f76164afda785d448e55abf18e

Observation c687de8c-9d04-47dc-a394-301380d9889c · outbound

This paper cites Fcc confirms that tcpa applies to ai technologies that generate human voices.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Fcc confirms that tcpa applies to ai technologies that generate human voices

Reference 32

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.177140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:4850bee4646285a3427eaa4918ec2fdf6a562efc55b4f8b1e006011046b18f2c

Observation 25169d64-d596-4f2d-881f-74c77add8ed4 · outbound

This paper cites In the matter of rules and regulations implementing the telephone consumer protection act of 1991.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem In the matter of rules and regulations implementing the telephone consumer protection act of 1991

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.186382Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:7b09c822c9492cdaf1e2939e7a75551c69dfa03a87a67b1d13c8637793a92187

Observation fba7f198-2614-4d91-8da7-8cc324bf709b · outbound

This paper cites Rules and regulations im- plementing the tcpa act of 1991.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Rules and regulations im- plementing the tcpa act of 1991

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.165353Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:760b7c63a9de9f4c3d5c042108f7b322695a42fda8f14ed46932730ce15e483d

Observation 22fff956-5f37-455a-9279-28bd1e292387 · outbound

This paper cites National do not call registry data book: Fiscal year 2024.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem National do not call registry data book: Fiscal year 2024

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.192133Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:ea1100ba858b35fdbdfca81977e8e5054c1ffa4f34c87e02abf1348773b908e7

Observation cb6d28ff-5bb3-4784-bf81-34d7bcf71f62 · outbound

This paper cites 2021 florida statutes (including 2021b session).

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem 2021 florida statutes (including 2021b session)

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.308383Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:acc04c3c339a1e7c7e4481fb83d73433ebcfa7bd57d221c99dfa9878ef497831

Observation 8a3f1230-54b5-466c-8b68-1530df47f2b7 · outbound

This paper cites Leaky autofill: An empirical study on the privacy threat of password managers’ autofill functionality.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Leaky autofill: An empirical study on the privacy threat of password managers’ autofill functionality

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.198046Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:cb5e2cf6b91c57367106ae531f6ec6264dda67a11124f9f7ed1df9d5534a7b5d

Observation ff58d526-b850-479e-9839-f43d59037052 · outbound

This paper cites Pixelconfig: Longitudinal measurement and reverse-engineering of meta pixel configurations.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Pixelconfig: Longitudinal measurement and reverse-engineering of meta pixel configurations

Reference 38

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T06:10:59.650678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:1b35fac2774495bd3a5cbc26ea1957bc39f24c7e267a3f63d26be5efaf199a49

Observation 32155705-fdcb-4ad6-90cc-ed40509cffcd · outbound

This paper cites Measuring the Accuracy and Effectiveness of PII Removal Services.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Measuring the Accuracy and Effectiveness of PII Removal Services

Reference 39

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T06:10:59.564716Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:1e10776b2aaf77237ece3aa1d554768e443fcf5994af7254fc7c8b4b9179d7d2

Observation 890a227f-8850-477a-9afd-15178b205c37 · outbound

This paper cites Hanging up too early: remedies to reduce robocalls.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Hanging up too early: remedies to reduce robocalls

Reference 40

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.236775Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:2f2341c079c0843d6e0591ecc1625247f065e3bb5fea8792e02a747fdc8ba3ec

Observation ace8aede-687d-4543-b7ae-29dd5de6b1cc · outbound

This paper cites Cloak of Visibility: Detecting When Machines Browse a Different Web.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Cloak of Visibility: Detecting When Machines Browse a Different Web

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.149878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:7a5ec0d14935e411e6f4eaa554da561edea572b7fa0c04179f5004c7fc8f2dee

Observation 299668d1-1c6c-4481-ad04-835033093918 · outbound

This paper cites A review of spam email detection: analysis of spammer strategies and the dataset shift problem.Artificial Intelligence Review, 56(2):1145–1173.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem A review of spam email detection: analysis of spammer strategies and the dataset shift problem.Artificial Intelligence Review, 56(2):1145–1173

Reference 42

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.130199Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:2f135374e470493718d1c9aec2b2a5367fec798af6ac1c3126c65414cd37a577

Observation 4a4ac881-e550-4caa-8872-f0e5cbd28e53 · outbound

This paper cites What are the largest lead generation niches? MonetizePros.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem What are the largest lead generation niches? MonetizePros

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.221801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:3163f9375843bd1f1e6e17781011deab710926397348c294301cb756ed046913

Observation 908eec36-1212-4522-b86c-7d0f7f51be8a · outbound

This paper cites Spamalytics: An empirical analysis of spam marketing conversion.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Spamalytics: An empirical analysis of spam marketing conversion

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.132883Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:12f6a92ac9a4bd2e1dde0b04794ddbd7293e62927b19668ed3ff9c510d98ef0c

Observation 2b4451fe-41e9-4f99-8e5d-0b64756bde94 · outbound

This paper cites Tracking the surveillance and information practices of data brokers: A report.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Tracking the surveillance and information practices of data brokers: A report

Reference 45

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.183445Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:8440d3339caf72555fec725970a95e6375a584d7a0a8f3fcf9017cfb279b8405

Observation 3666a072-7d23-45f5-996a-67218371aadb · outbound

This paper cites Measuring biases in a data broker’s coverage.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Measuring biases in a data broker’s coverage

Reference 46

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.276082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:0291a1289ed7b9fd1ab9bf0dda322a155d655916525df0bacb74097c44b1d175

Observation d9771298-6667-4a36-bb5d-fcf3cf9a7ac2 · outbound

This paper cites Tracker installations are not created equal: Understanding tracker configuration of form data collection.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Tracker installations are not created equal: Understanding tracker configuration of form data collection

Reference 47

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T06:10:59.571843Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:a71a658ebb6c1f6552581c17d258796cc79a0e9c5e3cb711640fff00e689e9aa

Observation 7df1cb83-120d-4374-89e7-74a56f39ea19 · outbound

This paper cites Data brokers and the sale of americans’ mental health data.Durham: Duke Sanford School of Public Policy.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Data brokers and the sale of americans’ mental health data.Durham: Duke Sanford School of Public Policy

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.174086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:fd871d33ae3123e071b065bffd91919e25d193c094356e9e22f05253879a10ee

Observation f4cc2b33-31f6-4d63-a0da-8c1a4c9fd6b2 · outbound

This paper cites Generative artificial intelligence in marketing: Applications, opportunities, challenges, and research agenda.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Generative artificial intelligence in marketing: Applications, opportunities, challenges, and research agenda

Reference 49

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.240610Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:99bf6b9f74e6aa8edf96eae17aa00e6823d0e2f2e72a7c76771808a2c43dd6b3

Observation 5e85c6ac-48d8-4481-9b03-98789ba5f22b · outbound

This paper cites Fill in the blanks: Empirical analysis of the privacy threats of browser form autofill.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Fill in the blanks: Empirical analysis of the privacy threats of browser form autofill

Reference 50

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.204222Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:442f300e9b0dcd4b139d063d3b1fad61796b1cfd788a41cb45f14cdf1b24c7b5

Observation 183f9ff5-8d4f-43cf-98fd-f5092e901b9b · outbound

This paper cites Selling consumers not lists: The new world of digital decision-making and the role of the fair credit reporting act.Suffolk UL Rev., 46:845.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Selling consumers not lists: The new world of digital decision-making and the role of the fair credit reporting act.Suffolk UL Rev., 46:845

Reference 51

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.326291Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:ecd81849d52d25f2480daf99ecee43f3ff2907e4196ce5671954b6cdc293c2e2

Observation dac2e0ff-3f15-4898-83ac-aad00daf4da4 · outbound

This paper cites E-mail marketing at the crossroads: A stakeholder analysis of unsolicited commercial e-mail (spam).Internet research, 16(1):38–52.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem E-mail marketing at the crossroads: A stakeholder analysis of unsolicited commercial e-mail (spam).Internet research, 16(1):38–52

Reference 52

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.311515Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:579365ea4a5434a623aa88f2436303a8695d5ca59e56a769db57104cd0387310

Observation dbbd43f3-8236-41ba-b405-12c6c6490d57 · outbound

This paper cites Every Keystroke You Make: A Tech-Law Measurement and Analysis of Event Listeners for Wiretapping.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Every Keystroke You Make: A Tech-Law Measurement and Analysis of Event Listeners for Wiretapping

Reference 53

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T06:10:59.587745Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:f5eb520d1c09dcde00f543293d7363b9118e86febfd9c2a9d2204bfd547b0506

Observation ae87905b-66e3-4aeb-8143-9e19c7922d8c · outbound

This paper cites Data deserts and black boxes: The impact of socio-economic status on consumer profiling.Management Science, 70(11):8003–8029.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Data deserts and black boxes: The impact of socio-economic status on consumer profiling.Management Science, 70(11):8003–8029

Reference 54

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.282179Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:680dc494f160e2fbb19751648b00c8b3d7c0d1465746c9829083d0e4ab2837a5

Observation e6ebaa67-539c-45c6-addf-4b9b2acc24b1 · outbound

This paper cites Fron- tiers: How effective is third-party consumer profiling? evidence from field studies.Marketing Science, 38(6):918–926.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Fron- tiers: How effective is third-party consumer profiling? evidence from field studies.Marketing Science, 38(6):918–926

Reference 55

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.250613Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:b6200fc23057dd3c5158a5b1d075cda61c09f36c343ff7d407390c2d7cf3e18e

Observation c530442e-c7bb-45ee-9277-cafcb433006f · outbound

This paper cites Nathan Sosa, Rep.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Nathan Sosa, Rep

Reference 56

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.143959Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:3a749cc751255f44c9d4a4354261efa2087d97b40dfce86c95707ee6ff9c2f7c

Observation de003b69-a0e2-46c7-b966-be08eb632de1 · outbound

This paper cites Why Johnny Can’t Browse in Peace: On the Uniqueness of Web Browsing History Patterns.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Why Johnny Can’t Browse in Peace: On the Uniqueness of Web Browsing History Patterns

Reference 57

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.253623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:dfdbdc2e7dc7d8bc73db96768e0530bc742917c6baea77015f769833f5256f95

Observation a3fcc1ef-7cf9-4538-9ceb-24be5e0a5b89 · outbound

This paper cites Who’s calling? characterizing robocalls through audio and metadata analysis.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Who’s calling? characterizing robocalls through audio and metadata analysis

Reference 58

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.279023Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:138cffa05339cf08d25fa38ae4178eb49e774a9e098c15b8abb1a1de1540fa02

Observation 4349838e-bf6b-4fe3-a198-673fca372fab · outbound

This paper cites Diving into robocall content with{SnorCall}.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Diving into robocall content with{SnorCall}

Reference 59

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.155488Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:e3ef1556fb843152479942b7a5a19885d28f1dfd5f6df0231c13fdec34cc433f

Observation c8076ca0-82d0-48b0-bc3e-5fe1a5dc3ec8 · outbound

This paper cites Char- acterizing robocalls with multiple vantage points.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Char- acterizing robocalls with multiple vantage points

Reference 60

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.141412Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:042a7c3a4f25c2b8a0431d59951621174aa1b3dd2f0e609d3941baa22fbcaa36

Observation 4cf307eb-d49d-40f1-b6cb-636b6c47512b · outbound

This paper cites A study on utility and feasibility of digital marketing tools with lead acquisition, lead nurturing and client engagement.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem A study on utility and feasibility of digital marketing tools with lead acquisition, lead nurturing and client engagement

Reference 61

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.267912Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:6f9def20f69b3e9e6daefa1df0e4e9b048d1cecd693064f429080bcf6438b126

Observation 95b2a41f-ec91-4f8c-981a-8d30b827ae55 · outbound

This paper cites Wiley.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Wiley

Reference 62

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.320327Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:08b32b0fcf518f940fd0f32a72a2e13891d0bdbc80a4d267a32166fe6f2a49d1

Observation 57a30a73-db3f-4dba-9c92-cdd79dd52147 · outbound

This paper cites The sales lead black hole: On sales reps’ follow-up of marketing leads.Journal of marketing, 77(1):52–67.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem The sales lead black hole: On sales reps’ follow-up of marketing leads.Journal of marketing, 77(1):52–67

Reference 63

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.247399Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:5200db0b4b2268ed9407d21ce9f729b2b3c3638e08e01aa44428836c7873968b

Observation 2d4c4603-ae94-457e-b497-d1bc3fd172fc · outbound

This paper cites Using chatbots against voice spam: Analyzing{Lenny’s}effectiveness.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Using chatbots against voice spam: Analyzing{Lenny’s}effectiveness

Reference 64

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.189338Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:b35cc5f9bd18549b25a2061445c741d957ed91fb0df9c7633239b7f274fe924a

Observation 9b399646-ae9e-46d4-96cf-6cc305ac6cd6 · outbound

This paper cites What is lead generation? guide & best practices.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem What is lead generation? guide & best practices

Reference 65

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.345992Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:24157313656d67181982ebc1c17f62a96909588247f132167141f9a290146ffe

Observation 8053d834-9db3-4382-a224-7e9b01bb5269 · outbound

This paper cites AMACOM Div AMA.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem AMACOM Div AMA

Reference 66

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.262018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:875e0945a54e74c1fcd691a1869f30206daffee06e1f5b87caa958d2fa28e500

Observation a4802a7b-d6ed-4b7b-9f60-137ca47ca589 · outbound

This paper cites Leaky forms: A study of email and password exfiltration before form submission.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Leaky forms: A study of email and password exfiltration before form submission

Reference 67

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.214203Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:a3f3d1306286cd8b51cb4f7a77bf5848584a471e900ce32021f6734199b241d3

Observation 54c4d609-f253-41a7-b47c-36853f5ba817 · outbound

This paper cites Advertising in health insurance markets.Market- ing Science, 39(3):587–611.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Advertising in health insurance markets.Market- ing Science, 39(3):587–611

Reference 68

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.305701Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:eff080190cea7e7a74452dce5217fd1ec24cf7a3f4ddc91a3497777182dce202

Observation 109db8d3-a971-4b69-9d20-fa6a3785a986 · outbound

This paper cites Lead generation market overview.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Lead generation market overview

Reference 69

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.332264Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:b8e5a3ae8f16a364f9a58000e4ccc67bfd4d4c74a733c5cd4430f200c6129113

Observation f751d1b9-febe-4243-b302-eb6d6b3c318b · outbound

This paper cites Data brokers and sensitive data on us individuals.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Data brokers and sensitive data on us individuals

Reference 70

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.287938Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:8665e0b01ed1dab555b981f68d4e19fcffb2f4fa9a78870fbe1dad0137705935

Observation 0dff2193-6af6-4c0a-9d9b-baeb6a8325d7 · outbound

This paper cites Data brokers and the sale of data on us military personnel.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Data brokers and the sale of data on us military personnel

Reference 71

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.135846Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:987747d900fab9d778936f8b8b1761eb360819f2f326fcc4c006394cfcb897c6

Observation 7b9d7222-59b2-4e64-be31-ea4bee6f103e · outbound

This paper cites Are you sure you want to contact us? quantifying the leakage of pii via website contact forms.Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Are you sure you want to contact us? quantifying the leakage of pii via website contact forms.Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies

Reference 72

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.218232Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:69125cee3758b33f09942440e5bb6e614c7c280e9ad3db8cfac1670e14783808

Observation 4bb140cb-12f1-4e14-b149-f5fd04a9b9f0 · outbound

This paper cites Pearson Education.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Pearson Education

Reference 73

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.195049Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:94d02967dba8dbbdcb21fc2d6a81f507a5831933b56d27016cc1c6091c4febf7

Observation 1f5ff012-bead-4d12-b05f-f3a30f58db85 · outbound

This paper cites Online lead generation: An emerging industry.Mar- keting Review St.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Online lead generation: An emerging industry.Mar- keting Review St

Reference 74

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.273409Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:88b84cc557f7d84ff55546c518d07ece14898777a535e0ecc5c4d307ffdd47cf

Observation 2f5972d2-5085-4248-9dca-58d67cd30315 · outbound

This paper cites a how website owners face privacy issues: Thematic analysis of responses from a covert notification study reveals diverse circumstances and challenges.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem a how website owners face privacy issues: Thematic analysis of responses from a covert notification study reveals diverse circumstances and challenges

Reference 75

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.152819Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:04b26c44f42518a23425e834ae96b540a1149aebc6f3f09ff3e8f8d31a99a295

Observation 07797cdd-e361-47ce-9bdb-b872545ccebf · outbound

This paper cites Lead generation strategies for financial services and institutions, June 4 2025.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Lead generation strategies for financial services and institutions, June 4 2025

Reference 76

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.168388Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:a934bfbd0975220704d29bce1df09d193f3fa3c78d9936e0e3aab194ca731bb4

Observation 65c0fd3e-2e24-4ef4-9da5-8a93f3e69d74 · outbound

This paper cites Quickstart for number lookup.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Quickstart for number lookup

Reference 77

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.293839Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:07a8f5d51ac41bf0f7125937de86140eefcb867e06e32b7b9ed96845ace27128

Observation 7eb0a738-080f-4f8c-b657-444d3ebdb9ca · outbound

This paper cites Sok: Everyone hates robocalls: A survey of techniques against telephone spam.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Sok: Everyone hates robocalls: A survey of techniques against telephone spam

Reference 78

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.317500Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:2cadf356aabb091fc151841be99eababa44424da375933efbd4f55651f2f631d

Observation cbe531ff-6fef-4b77-82af-940caf758127 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond the Front Page: Measuring Third Party Dynamics in the Field.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Beyond the Front Page: Measuring Third Party Dynamics in the Field

Reference 79

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.180182Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:1a33894be402866b5f79ecd4c5f33202cd7ea58581dc85de32e68c6712cd0dca

Observation b041029f-acae-4832-a32b-bcca28fe71de · outbound

This paper cites Census Bureau.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Census Bureau

Reference 80

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.210872Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:68eb1124767d972b49ceecfdeda4b1dacb3e4f7ef97a0dd97821b89c442289ea

Observation 1b4db8b6-2452-4682-8dfa-0911a78f8ba5 · outbound

This paper cites Census Bureau.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Census Bureau

Reference 81

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.323062Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:12fca568df79d0c818bbc236bc360ced50ab3bc842725ad498fbe1f735a4781a

Observation 44c4bec5-8dc4-4713-b8f0-dbe2c79dc65e · outbound

This paper cites Census Bureau.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Census Bureau

Reference 82

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.357045Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:d060acf8a9767ea3e1e729722394f98bdd359ff8f420240a95dd5dca56852046

Observation 372e036a-a098-4330-be46-87f5b443deb1 · outbound

This paper cites Federal Trade Commission.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Federal Trade Commission

Reference 83

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.296647Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:f24e94ac0b42d8ba2a7158551ec1ee0f25feebc9e0216fe538fce55a66f67ff2

Observation 7e007af4-74cf-41c9-a197-844d85d33af1 · outbound

This paper cites Social Security Administration.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Social Security Administration

Reference 84

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.270520Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:3745e1c0a8d027d4be8da41e7a255c64ffe1693f49d2156310e33216465fe4e0

Observation 65160fd0-c9e0-4fe5-9929-05bb2a0dba49 · outbound

This paper cites Consumer beware! exploring data brokers’ ccpa compliance.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Consumer beware! exploring data brokers’ ccpa compliance

Reference 85

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T06:10:59.595136Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:a8e8ee2878bbdb268e18f29f61a3feed8a6c44c5632f880ed41ae9f495cc5cb9

Observation 0895f928-61c8-4636-94ae-39bd244f468e · outbound

This paper cites PhD thesis, Northeastern University.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem PhD thesis, Northeastern University

Reference 86

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.284985Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:c2d68055a9a65a99a5e5108f0a192dc85767f281587f88a9f751b6a3cf89c144

Observation 23c59aa7-0c87-46c5-87b3-682b45f935bb · outbound

This paper cites event":\s*.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem event":\s*

Reference 87

Resolution
metadata mismatch
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T06:10:59.581768Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:545fa417b0dc31a68775f687152ab274f2ed3fbec7e75eadec5ddfe84cd27c8d

Observation ae8a44c1-bc17-4f62-a72a-8a66408f8fa7 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Multi-Stakeholder Vulnerability Notifications in the Ad-Tech Supply Chain.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Towards Multi-Stakeholder Vulnerability Notifications in the Ad-Tech Supply Chain

Reference 88

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-11T06:10:59.622427Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:c8765a70d3daa851f0f14af21f5ce3370a2a579cac0fade918451f93276170e3

Observation 99e48a5a-1277-40f9-848d-c2ec93ad74b8 · outbound

This paper cites Direct mail insurance leads: The traditional approach reality, January 2025.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Direct mail insurance leads: The traditional approach reality, January 2025

Reference 89

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.138721Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:b5e4a601457ab46e4426922497ca4d9d891102fc14c261e7740ff437f2c3b7d8

Observation a8765c0f-b90a-490d-ae56-03f4bd9e4b29 · outbound

This paper cites Privacy risks with facebook’s pii-based targeting: Auditing a data broker’s advertising interface.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Privacy risks with facebook’s pii-based targeting: Auditing a data broker’s advertising interface

Reference 90

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.259717Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:93760d288f03759bea2cbcb9cd44197087b4ce45af215f203877cd568c193797

Observation 84c2ad59-3e04-48a4-bf6c-abda6f6c9c54 · outbound

This paper cites Auditing offline data brokers via facebook’s advertising platform.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Auditing offline data brokers via facebook’s advertising platform

Reference 91

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.264964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:1813f5adbee0bf2dcdfd3b28eca469b66addf017e78ebfef496e586dde5700a0

Observation e560ed20-af89-4c12-898a-208d4d482271 · outbound

This paper cites How much does health insurance cost in US?.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem How much does health insurance cost in US?

Reference 92

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.299715Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:231bb5febb1afb1392980020da1c2ed434ee938ef618807bb538248c2725ebe4

Observation aed5f5c9-b9ce-4a2a-949d-72cabb394726 · outbound

This paper cites US demographics.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem US demographics

Reference 93

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.200868Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:364fc283c42aa2155594b45dad29ba2f3c195b0c757addf0516c9bad83b825fa

Observation dd15c086-c223-427a-a20b-b880824eca04 · outbound

This paper cites Lead generation market 2028.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Lead generation market 2028

Reference 94

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.368055Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:1297e56659ec99e151fd925efbc9bf3e230bb1b4140173dfb1ffa641feaa1732

Observation c2c9a8bf-8db9-4588-9e98-b6b73fdddd0c · outbound

This paper cites Got sick and tracked: privacy analysis of hospital websites.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Got sick and tracked: privacy analysis of hospital websites

Reference 95

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.361028Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:6f13543dcb6477330af2cbcb06b43ea177d23db5ae92a22a9353d8ff6bf21792

Observation 510d2d14-50d0-4f5a-93ad-ecf4296e7c9c · outbound

This paper cites To partner or not to partner? the partnership between platforms and data brokers in two-sided markets.Information Systems Research.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem To partner or not to partner? the partnership between platforms and data brokers in two-sided markets.Information Systems Research

Reference 96

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.364873Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:45c3a7f948b62baed126caf95b18c9455b0b525491783fe85b4c838b5dadabfe

Observation 2f583dbf-e252-4701-ab7d-e49d1221eb4c · outbound

This paper cites Most common u.s.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Most common u.s

Reference 97

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.341888Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:a33f9a882971abb6f4437ea963e5f9dcaff78201e2b082e34deed0d277124f4a

Observation fd8b5646-5a62-420d-ab34-bad5249d22b7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Unresolved cited work

Reference 98

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.353586Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:c48f7a56a9ddd3e3da6d621b6b63a94c8d693dd8b28920778a3dcb755815aa7c

Observation 82f4511a-d280-41ed-a8f4-e6cf3c87caba · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Unresolved cited work

Reference 99

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.314414Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:6a9367801873931e9feddce37dad2adace481dc6aff06c0bbe84d9ddf89b9651

Observation 13e56577-b24b-4eea-b934-0af47e5140ee · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem Unresolved cited work

Reference 100

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-17T09:04:20.329186Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-10T17:46:34.826814Z digest=sha256:b02a59857e51e063e5248a966a87c5c23e6ee6d1d8a1e30be3750ea4c5538d12

Pith citing papers

Observation 068c5df2-2043-4a5a-9791-d5e195c85ae3 · inbound

Tracking Conversations: Measuring Content and Identity Exposure on AI Chatbots cites this paper.

Tracking Conversations: Measuring Content and Identity Exposure on AI Chatbots Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem

Reference 72

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-12T09:41:26.274461Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-07T09:58:16.992267Z digest=sha256:9a6f7796b34eb5b5f3d2cc7dd2520b5905461c49c2ed2f9b92071ffb3186c68a

Observation e01ab7eb-aea4-4424-a3e9-1392392efc6e · inbound

Tracking Conversations: Measuring Content and Identity Exposure on AI Chatbots cites this paper.

Tracking Conversations: Measuring Content and Identity Exposure on AI Chatbots Understanding Data Collection, Brokerage, and Spam in the Lead Marketing Ecosystem

Reference 72

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local_arxiv, observed 2026-05-14T22:18:04.567393Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-14T22:15:37.967533Z digest=sha256:ebf6a66fa06d33aaa85081df7fa76acbae021d775ae3797ecae0084c493612f2