Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 21 of 21 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2604.10308.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2604.10308 v1

Coverage vector

measured 21 of 21 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-10T15:24:12.194960Z

measured 22 of 22 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-01T06:03:28.562375Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

21 of 21 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy7
unresolved8
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch3

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 123fb95d-be40-475d-9024-f6b6eb340662 · outbound

This paper cites consider the totality of evidence.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data consider the totality of evidence

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.896290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation e47f012d-bde2-44f3-8e88-4676587acf0e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.898385Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation c32832b0-1a12-40da-8942-658556e79fd0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.900358Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation fdc814bf-7fc0-406e-aa94-5f7530e182a8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.902183Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation 900177ff-1ea2-4d8c-ad68-fe4775b299ae · outbound

This paper cites In this setting, the objective is to reweight or augment the RCT sample so that the distribution of baseline characteristics better reflects the target population.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data In this setting, the objective is to reweight or augment the RCT sample so that the distribution of baseline characteristics better reflects the target population

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.904286Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation 7c34cd5e-8cdc-4a99-87b7-2527415521fb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.876845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation d84b56e1-cb7c-4254-a8fa-a92808e42d6c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.878699Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation 47565323-24fa-4070-95cf-978f01160ad8 · outbound

This paper cites In these cases, external controls constructed from RWD are often used to enable comparative effectiveness or safety analyses (Gao et al., 2025a; Gao et al., 2025b).

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data In these cases, external controls constructed from RWD are often used to enable comparative effectiveness or safety analyses (Gao et al., 2025a; Gao et al., 2025b)

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.886099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation e7cbf750-5733-4a32-be30-d4b49e124bd0 · outbound

This paper cites Example Estimands in RCT-RWD Integration Setting Conditional treatment effect estimated in the RCT population, marginalized over the RCT population's covariate distribution.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Example Estimands in RCT-RWD Integration Setting Conditional treatment effect estimated in the RCT population, marginalized over the RCT population's covariate distribution

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.888685Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation 624635b9-32ac-4095-8ffd-c9febb5716fb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.890450Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation 85a333c4-f8f5-4da2-9cda-c962a960809c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.892429Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation 53e5d7f5-01a2-4cc6-a7d0-6ef77a2e5b39 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.894217Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation 66c99cfd-cb12-4cbb-8021-9bf314666840 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.883909Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation f7091a4c-008c-4830-990a-06aade5d0eea · outbound

This paper cites Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 111(1).

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 111(1)

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.882126Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation 329ea47d-2d63-4df6-adaf-082bb8b610f1 · outbound

This paper cites EMA (2025).

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data EMA (2025)

Reference 15

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T10:36:07.506660Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation 8e992aec-566b-4a2f-90f5-9812ab52bed2 · outbound

This paper cites Data fusion for efficiency gain in ATE estimation: A practical review with simulations.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Data fusion for efficiency gain in ATE estimation: A practical review with simulations

Reference 16

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T10:36:07.489525Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation 06c20052-fec7-44ef-9df8-8901cb3e7d42 · outbound

This paper cites Robust Estimation and Inference in Hybrid Controlled Trials for Binary Outcomes: A Case Study on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Robust Estimation and Inference in Hybrid Controlled Trials for Binary Outcomes: A Case Study on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Reference 17

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T10:36:07.474971Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation 88339e25-1b06-4c2a-89ec-d8a3165d0949 · outbound

This paper cites Epidemiology, 25(3).

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Epidemiology, 25(3)

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.880285Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation e7c86482-0045-4fe1-bdcf-89da5d23ed4b · outbound

This paper cites https://www.fda.gov/media/152503/download Pearl, J.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data https://www.fda.gov/media/152503/download Pearl, J

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-05-18T02:30:39.874954Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation 79ea2234-8e61-4b80-ab05-bc7ef4864382 · outbound

This paper cites An Estimator-Robust Design for Augmenting Randomized Controlled Trials with External Real-World Data.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data An Estimator-Robust Design for Augmenting Randomized Controlled Trials with External Real-World Data

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-10T02:10:30.187792Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Observation 9b2beacd-769c-453e-af7e-7d4b4f1072cb · outbound

This paper cites Enhancing Statistical Validity and Power in Hybrid Controlled Trials: A Randomization Inference Approach with Conformal Selective Borrowing.

Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data Enhancing Statistical Validity and Power in Hybrid Controlled Trials: A Randomization Inference Approach with Conformal Selective Borrowing

Reference 21

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T10:36:07.512273Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation ec9c1253-bc1d-4091-96bd-1cca66a3dc41 · inbound

Towards Best Practices for Covariate Adjustment in Regulatory Trials: From Fixed to Data-Adaptive Approaches cites this paper.

Towards Best Practices for Covariate Adjustment in Regulatory Trials: From Fixed to Data-Adaptive Approaches Considerations for the Integration of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Data

Reference 54

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T06:03:28.562375Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.